Norwalk Gazette, Tuesday, July 31, 1832 · page 2

.1

’ 'co1vGne__ss.
IN TI‘I_E'SljJNr,KTE—July 12th, 1832.
m.-:MAttK.~i on tart. roorr, on CDNNEC'1‘lcl}T,
on we 'rAnrrrn_7t3_ti.L. ‘
On Illr. Ifaindatfcztls m0ti071.f 01' indtiff‘
, _ttite'pqstpa'ncr1zeitt of tire Bill. '

Mi. FOOT ’sui'd*he httd once voted, for
the indefitiimposrtponemeut oftltis bil|,on
the ntot_i_oii"ol',';tlio' Senator from N.- Hamp-
sltii‘o.,'-'('l_lI.r._r_Bi:ll).hilt since‘ ugeiare called
to record_.uur votesagaiu on ti .'s,imil-ar_ mo-
tion, and his vote would now be recorded
against it, he. felt it due to himselfto ex‘-
plain thereasons which induced hint. to
give a,different‘voto at this time. Sir,said
Mr. F. there is not a.Senatqr on this floor,
more disposed than myself‘ to make any
reasonable sacrifice for the preservation of
the peace and harmony of this Confeder-
acy ;‘ _-to relievoany portion front unrea-
sonable or unequal burdens, to ondcav-'i'r
to allay._a_ny 'uul‘ortun'ate excitornent, pro-
duced even by mistaken notions of ine-
quality in the operation of any ofour laws.
On this ground, and on this alone, was my
vote recorded in favor _oft,be bill asamend-
ed by the Senate. ,And after the repeat-
ed de.cla‘ration of the Senator from South
Carolina, (Mr. ['layne,) and the Senator
from Alabama, (Mr. King) and others,
that "tltisbiil would afford no relief, but
wasmera ‘o__no’xious'th_:.in' even the act of
1828, so-often-called -the “Bill of Abom-
»2'naIioas,”«' ‘I was-disposed to unite with
them in_ rejecting it. I3ut,sir, in this vote
the-y.did not unite.

To me this bill has no charms. Per-
hnps there is not a single State in this Un-
ion whitgh will-_ba more,.if as much affect-
ed by its passage as my own. More man-

s_

" ufactures of various (lt3SCl‘lpIl0l)3 are spring-

ing up under "the protection of your laws
in 'the'S‘:aIe of Connecticut than in any
otlter portion. of lithe Union. Many of
thenrare in theirinfztrtcy ;' and must be so-
riously affected, if not totally pt-ostrated by
this bill. The .Conintittee.ot' Conference
ltadproposcd to surrender every amend-
montntade in the Senate, in which otu
smalls: tltantitfatztutes were particularly in-
terested, and some of which amendments
had been made at my suggestion, from let-
ters and ‘information laid be_fore the Com-
mittee of Manufactttyres by me. These
were all to be surrendered without nsttug

gle ; , without an effort tosave them. The
comruitteo —kn't-w fullwell eut;cnnvictious
ofthe blighting effects of the ’ bill on the
Eaetorn States, and particularly in the
State which has honored me with a seat
on this floor, without thenmt.-ndment of
the Senate, for I had ‘stated them in the
discussion oftltose amendtnents, anti pro-
duced the proof. ' I have this day received
ano_tl.er_lettstj from an intelligent farmer
w_l’t0_lltl8 made gfeI'at,t?X8fllOtlS to improve
the_,qnality- of wool in this country, who
says'.'the hopes of the wool growers are
destroyad, and even the Saxony shdep
must be resignodup to the butcln_3r.

The que‘vtion.'is now presented under
circttuistunc_es somewhat different. The
Scnate_,have acted on the amcndments.——
My votes have been in favor ofthe amend-
ments of the Sentttc—-bttt as, in all cases,
minorities must submit, in this case it be-
tforucs my duty. ‘The Chairman of the
Comtnittee has stated his determination,
that if, at the next session, it shall be as-
certained tluttatty infant manufacture will
be seriously injured, he will unite in any
further amendment in favor of necessary
protection; and as the bill will not go into
operation until another session intervenes,

‘I am disposed to withdraw my opposition,

and permit the bill to pass, not by an af-
firmativo vote, but by one which will be
equally effective ; by voting against the
motion for indefinite postponement. An-
other reason which will induce me to vote
aguinst the preseiit motion is, that it is made
avowedly on tlto.grottn'd, that “the princi-
pal of protection to our manufactures is
r'ccngm'scdt'n it ,5" and Senators have de-
clared this to be good ground for its re-
jccrion. 'Sir', against this doctrine I enter
my-solemn protest I It saps-the foundation
of all government l What is the first_duty
of government? .Prtttt!ctiot_t l. ‘\Vill you
confine this obligation to the protection of
the lives of your citizens alone? \Vill
you not extend it to tbcirproperty P And
is this to be confined to pro'.ect_iou of’pr’op-
arty only against lawless pirates and rob-
bersl Is it not_ equally tlte duty of the
Government to protect the property of its
citizens from damage or injury, arising
from the legislation of foreign nations, by
countervailing legislation or restriction,
and to~encout‘ng’e and protect their indus-
try? This ha_s‘been the policy of this
Government frromqtha commencement of
itscxistence-l 1“-The very first act of Con-
gross, aftervtlte adoption of the.Constitu-.
tron, recognises this principle, and admits
this to be its duty. It has had the sanc-

tion o'f'40 ye‘_ars_, and Senators may rest —

assured it willlnot be abandoned. It can-
not bo abandoned while the Government
has on exivenco. Wittroutthis principle
of protection__no government has an exist-
ence. Without this prittcipleof protec-
tion no government wouldbo worth pre-
'Ierving, nor deserve the name. Nor will
my vote be given on any ‘question, to
sanction for a momenr, or to countenance
any doctrine as fatal in its tendency.

. __,¢_
Mr. VVILKINS AND Mr. CLAY.

The report in our last of the final proceedings in
the Senate on the 'I‘otrifi' did not convey is full idea
of’ what passed’ between Judge Wilkins and Mr._

' Clay. It will be,-rebollccted that in -sfgply to 1
question by Mr, Clay, Mr. Wilkins sttidj‘ that tho’
, he had not spoken so long,‘ so eflen, ‘or so loudly,
on the lnbjecI,J)¢ct§|Ile"lte had no other _qly'_u:¢s in
3 View than the intorcstooftlto country,yet his friend"

, ship to the system of‘ protection was as strong as
that of any other Senator. To this ttngsntloms ly
, insiuutuion, Mr. clay replied, by demanding
wltetho the Senator meant to insinuate that be
(Mr. Clay) had, in his course on the Tariff, been

Mr. \Vilkins declared his conviction that
the Senator from Ky. was actuated in the
proceedings by sincere‘ ntotives of public
good ; but there -might be other objects,
(and which might not conflict with ‘that-
public good which was involved in the
hill,) on which the Senator might without
improper lmplIIaI,iIlIl set his wishes.

Mr. Clay remarked that this was not
tlteukind ‘of explanation honmable men
"made to one another. He called on the
Senator again to explain.

Mr. W. retained his seat.

Then, said Mr. Clay in the fttce of the
Senate, ltell the Senator from Pennsylva-
nia, that if directly or indirectly he asserts
that in my course, I have been ucfttnted by
motives other titan the public good, he say
that which is not true. _ ~

Mr. Tazewcll, the acting Presitlrsnt of
the Senate, bore called Mr. Clay to order.
and said that Mr. \-Vilklns had disnvowed
such .iut_ntttatiun.

.Mt‘. Clay tleuiotl that he llfltl done so,
as an honorable man ought to have done,
folly and unequivocally, &c. ; for lie had
distinctly imputed to him, that he might
have had other objccts,&.c. - But when
the Senator would take away the insinua-
tion, llteu he should take away the expres-
sions that were consequent upon it. I
stand here, continued Mr. Clay, knowing
my duty to my country, on this great ques-
tion, und I will do it-—-I am determine-rl to
do my duty. Ifl have other obj -cts,tho_v
shall not interfere with that which shall be
parnmourtt to allothcrs. lftltc honorable.
Senator from Pennsylvania will not do his
duty, that will not prt-.ve.u in», anal I must
tell himlhut this is the last place in tthiclt,
and I am the last titan against whom, he,
whose legislature had instructed him not to
barter away anything, not to be cajoled to
abandon any one iota of the protective
system, should have iusiuuatcd improper
muttvos.

—-—§-1

(Front the National Itztclligeitosr, July 25.)
APPOINTt\‘lENTS BY THE PRESIDENT.

Samuel Gtvin to be Register ofthe Land
Office for the District of Lands subject so
sale at Mount Sulus, in the state of l\'li~asis-
sippi.-—Glol2e QfJul_1/ 24.

Ofall the arbitrary acts of Gun, Jack-
son, since he became President, this is
perhaps the boldest, the" most nnwarttnta-
ble in itself, and the most insulting to the
Senatorial body.

Tho-ltislory of this appointment is cou--

tainrd in the Extract from the Executive
Journal oftbo Senate wltich we publish
to-day in connection with the following
precedent facts, for which we are indebt-
ed to tho Tulagrnplt of Mt-ntlay :
The Senate, in the St.‘S5lt)ll of1830——3l,
had passed a resolution “that it was inex-
pedient to appnintu citizen ofany one
State to an oflice in another State, in wh.
such citizen does not reside, witltottt sortie
evident necessity, for such appointment.”
The propriety of some such principle,ex-
pressed or implied, being adopted by the
Senate and Executive, is sonpparent, that
the resolution was adopted by the follow-
ing vote : -

YEAS——ll‘lessrs. Barton,l3ell, Benton,
Burner, Chase, Clayton, Foot, Eli-ndriclts,
King, Marks, Noble, Poinrlexter, Robbins,
Ruggles, Snndford, Seymour, Silsbee,
Smith, of l\’lr..l. Tnzewell, Troop, Willey,
Vl/o0dbut'y—~ 22,. '_

NAYS—-Messrs. I3-lt‘nP|l‘(l, Bibb, Dick-
esson, Dudley, Ellis, Kane, Knight, Mc-
Kinley, Smith, of S. C., \'t’ltile,-—- 10.

In the face, however, of this declared
opinion ofthe Settaje, the Executive nom-
inated, at the next session Samuel Gtvin,
as the Register of the above-n':tmed Land
Office Departtm.-nt, who had been a short

fice to which he was then nominated.
[The Senate ‘rejected this Bullllllilll-Jn by
the following vote. ‘
YE.-\S.—-Messrs, Bihb, Brown, Benton,
Bttclttter, Dudley, Grundy, Hill, Kane,
Knight, Manguru, Marcy, White, Wilkins

---13.

NAYS.-—Messrs. B--ll, Benton, Buck-
ner, Clay, Ewing Foot, Hanna, Httync,
Hendricks, Holmes, Johnson, Kittg, Mil-
ler, Moore,l’oin<lexter, Prentiss, Robbins,
Robinson, Ruggles, Seymour, Silsbee,
Tomlinson, Troop, Tyler, Webster-25.
On the 13th June, the President re"-
nominatetl Gtvin to the same office. On
motion of l\’lr."l\‘.langum the nomination
was ordered to lie on the table by the fol-
lowing vote’

YFAS—Messrs. Bell, Benton. Bibb,
Chambers. Clayton, Ewing, Foot, Freling-
huysen, Ilendricks, Holmes, Johnston,
Knight, Mnngurzt, Moore, Naudain, Poin-
dexter,Robins, Ruggles, Scyntottr, Silsbco,
Smith, Sprngue, Tazewoll, Tipton, Tom-
linsoll, Tyler, Wabster——27.

N.-\YS-—-Messrs. B:own,Bucltner,Clay,
Dallas, Dickerson, Dudley, Ellis, Forsyth,
Grundy, Hill, Kane, King, Marcy, Miller,
Robinson, \Vltite, Wilkins--17. '

On Monday, the 10th, on motion of
Mr. I’oinrlc-xter, it was resolved to inform
the President that the Senate did not in-
tend to take any proceedings on the said
notuiotltlofl, at the present session of the
Senate. It was ordered to lie on the ta-
ble, and the injunction of secrecy to be
removed] .

With respect to the last of those votes
the Telegraph furnishes the following in-
formation :

"This course was adopted at the in-
stance of a friend of the Presidetl, with
an understanding that he should be advised
to withdraw the nomination, and nomin.
‘ate some other individual. It was subse-
quently stntod in the Senate, that the
President had declared that he never
would notnimtte to the ofiice “a citizen ‘of
tMississippi.”

Thus for the Telegraph. But this was

actuated by motives other than the public good.

not all. On the last night’: sitting, when

time previous to the meeting of Congress, .
appointed by the President to fill the of-‘ ’

‘is abolished.

«lens are rated under a complicated (system of

a bare majority only of Senator: were in
attendance, Mr. VVebster, Mr. Holmes,
Mr. Splagut-\, and others, having left the
city, an attempt was made to get this nom-
inatinn taken up and acted upon. This
attempt, after tlto explicit understanding
that it had been laid on the table as n
quietus to it,protluced so great and gen-
eral sensation of disapprobation among
the remaining Senators, without respect
to parties, that the mover was obliged ‘to
with-_tr.tw his motion_.

After those reported rejections by the
Senate, we now learn, with a surprise hard,-V
ly to be expressed by words, that the mo-
ment the Senators had turned their backs,
Gen. Jackson re-appoints this same rc-
jccfcrl person to the same ofice. The
principle oftho Ve¢oe is arbitrary enough;
httt this last arrogntion ofpnwer caps the
climax of Executive usurpation. V ’'

Let the worshipers of the “~C.ntrqtterotj
pl’ Conquerors” get tip-,meo,ti“ttgs.'i every
whure to applaud this new tlis[Jlay§ihf‘mrtre
than Roman virtue’ in ltini,?.;‘v5i}li"o'~'asith
impiously say, “hits filled ,'
his country’s glory.” It isl.,__f't',i_l.lj"’ M‘
thy «fall the adulation they ca V
on it, as his nullificatiou, in SllCf.’6_llI‘8_(l_,(l):ll, of
three important bills passed 
jurities in Congress, and uttdoirbfl “ '
proved by a large ntajority of

‘4~

 
 

 
 

‘ ——ej--

UNITED STATES BAN

L';t;l2-act of a letter from agcytlloman iitltinciitttati,
to his friend a lllcrcltant in N. _1,Q_T!5_‘; »

“ The last mail from Washin
us the veto of Gen. Jackson,-up
ing the charter of the United Stat'es7§_Bank,
and I can say without exaggoratliott that
it is reprohatedhere by the ind,ep'Lond,en:,
umn ofall parties. Bttt for this—,.,at‘.7t I am
inclined to think Gen. Jacked‘ '
have received the vote of this¥’Stat
will now be given to Mr. Clay,.:‘lt'-i'“€§l3’ do
not, however, despair ofa renetyabdf, the
charter, even should Gen. Jack8on«_lie re-»
elected. There are not five tneu -irfgtlte
present Congress from the VVesternStates,
elected with reference to this qtTa’s”,tioii—._—
There will not be fifteen retttrned _
next Congress, west of the rnouritainti 
pletlged to vote for the Bank, A y,,{
should it be otherwise? . This’;,,'¢;,riunt,r_t'.,
heretofore, from a wretched currency};is_
now, under the udntinistration'o'f—._.-tho-__H3?
Status Bank, enjoying the ble!ssingsof5-_n5
sound one. Formerly we were , glad to

 
 

 
 
 

 

eigu capital we could obtain ; tttiw we-ar'_e_
supplied with loans at 6 pet‘ c’e,h"t;:. _For-
merly it cost us 4 and 5 per cent ‘to,‘re.t_'nit
to New York and Pltiladclphia;;.,"neiw we

1 2 and 3-4 per centaod drafts‘abr§tt't.;'ttvh.f
there can be no ltazard. _ _i 
est tviiatever in the Bank, or itsBra t_§lies",_‘
but I verily believe that it furti_is‘lii§'s"':_;t;lte
most perfect system of comn_iero,ial Ii_I§Il_l?
ty and accommo-lattion, and the best-rot}
ttlator of the currency of an;-_"t'iXti-)n__s,_iv_‘o
country that was over enjoyed _l7§‘th,is 
any other nation. Whether a‘ttachfm"on,t
to an imlividunl is to subvert the institution,
time will decide.” '

-—e©‘-3-4 .
From the Baltimore, American.
THE NEW TAI{lFF LAVV.

VVe have thought it might. not be unaccep’a-
bit: to our "readers, to note the principal points
ofdifletence between this, and the Tariff ttClS_
now in operation. It will be perceived -that
the new acts goes into olfect. on the 3d of
March next, and that provision istmadc, ‘ that
any original packages of merchandise impor-
ted before the 3d of March, and remaining
under the Custom House control on that day.
shall pay only the reduced dutie-, and shall
be entttlcd to the repayment ofall sums ‘ox-
ceedtng the new rates, which may have been
previously paid on them. . p '

- Notliwjthstandingthe care of the Senate in
correcting -the grammatical construction or
the Bill, as it. came from the House of.Reprc-
sent.atives,' it will be remarked that some gross
blunders still exist. ‘ The sixth clause -ofthe
woollens section continues to direct the du-
ties to be stored instead of the merchandise,
which the draftsman probably intended.

By the present (old) Tariff’, \Vool pays a
specific ditty offout' cents per pound, in ad-
dition to an at] valoren duty offlfty per cent.

By the new Tariff‘, wool costingttntler eight
cents a pound is free ofduty ; over eight cents
it is to pay a specific duty of four cents and
forty per cent. ad valorcm.

On Woollens the present minimum system
Under the new law, plains cos-
ting 35 cents, pay five per cent. or less than
two cents a yard ; under the old duty they
came under the 50 cent. rntnimum and paid
45 per cent. or 22 1-2 cents a yard. Plains
under 33 1-2 cents pay by the present (old)
tariff 14 cents per yard; under the nets, five
per‘ cent. ad valorem, or not exceeding 1 1-2
cents. Under the present (olti)"I‘urifl', wool-

minitnums, which make it tedious to form a
complete comparison." The following table
will show the alteration made on all goods cost-
ing between one dollar, and two dollars and
fifty cents the yard. The first column con-
tains the cost, the second the rate of duty un-
der the new act, and the third" the amount of
alt.er:ttton. Under the present (old) system,
all this range comes under the $2 50 mini-
tnutn, and pays $2 12 1-2 a yard.
Rate of new Decrease

Cost duly per yard. ofduty.
31,05 . . . 521-‘zccnts . . 60 cents.
l,l5...57l-2.....55 H
1,‘25...62l-‘&.....50 “
l,‘l5...67l-2.....45 '-
t,4s...72t-c.....40 tr
I,55....77l-‘Z.....35 “
],65...8*2l-‘2.....30 “
l,75...87l-2.....25 “
l,n5...92l-2.....20 tt
2,00 . . g|,O0 . . . . . . 121-2'“
2,10... l,O5. ..... 71-2"
‘.’.,l5...l,07l-2.....5 "
2,25 . . . 1,121-2 . . . . .»cqual.
2,30 . . . l,l5 . . . , . . 2|-2incrense.
2,35...1,l7l-2,.....’5 “
2.4n...1,eo.-...;'..7t-2"
2,45 0 s o o s s c “
2,50 .11. 1.25 . . . . . .121-2“_

‘It will be seen that the new duty regularly
decreases from the cost of $2.95 per yard,

pay 9, 12, and 15 per cent for,a,‘ll_fthc for-9 _

are furnished with bills onveitlt_er.._:pla_-cc" at...

I have no? n'ter§ii.. , ,
' " the causes of it, and may serve as a data

»it._td2es from the sense of habit.

the cost of 1,05 per yard, in which the duty
is more than fifty per cent, less. Beyond the
cost of 2,50, the same eflbct is produced, the
new duty being‘ 35 per yard less than the old
one, at the cost of $155, and increasing to
the cost of $330 where the duties are again
-equal. The "effect ofthe alteration is to re-
duce the duties on all.-cheaper cloths, and to
retain them on the higher.

Flannels &. Baizes are rcducedfrottt 22 1-2
to 16 cents the square yard. -

Brussels and Wilton Carpeting from
63 cents per square yard.

Venitian do. from 40 to 35
yard:

Cotton goods under the old Tariff pay 25
per cent. upon a mittium of 35 cents the yard.
Under the new, plain cottons pay 25 per cent.
on a tuinitnunt of30 cents and colored &.c. the
same as before.

Cotton bagging is reduced from 5 cents to
3 l-2 per yard. ’

Silk Goods from 30 to 10 per cent.

Irish. Linens from 95 to ‘l5 per cent.

Sugar (brown) from 3 cents to 2 1-2 cents
per lb. Vl/bite from 4 to 3 1-2 cents.

'l‘ca from India and China. free : from plu-
ces otltet'_t.hau beyond the CapeofGood llopc,
ten, cents per pound.—-—Colfce free.

Salt is to pay ten cents per bushel of 50
pounds.

llempis reduced from 9,60 per ton to $10.

Bar and bolt iron not rolled pay now I cunt
perpottnd. Under the new tarill'4-5ths of a

D70 to

cents per square

_ cent.

The same rolled, now pay $37 per ton.-—
Nt‘.-tv duty $30.

Pig lrotris reduced from 62 1-2 cls. to 50
tile. per ctvt. .

Sheet &. hoop do. from 3 I-2 to 3 out per lb.

French wines in casks, (red from 10 to 6
cats. per gallon.

Fr-ouch wines in casks,(wliite) from 15 to 10.

To be reduced 1 1-2 after 3d March, I832.

The alteration in the‘duty on window glass
consists in the abolishing of the highest mini-
mum ,€35 per bd. l't. _

[Hats. Boots, Shoes, and other manufac-

_ turns of lt‘.‘0.l.lleI' no essential variatiom]

*1-.2.-J
APPEARANCE OF 'I‘IIE SKY.

The following article was communicated to
the Courier &. Enquirer. Its facts and des-
criptions are justified by every man's obser-
vation, and though few probably will agree
with the writer in ascribmg to a change of
light, effects which he seeks to account for,
the article will be read with interest by every
one. Vile wish that the writer, who is evi-
dently a. good observer, would collect and ar-
range the facts connected with electrical phe-
nomena, that are now so numcrously evolved-
.-Mcssrs. Editors-

Lot me call the attention of observers
‘in New York, to some natural phenomena
‘in the constitution of our atmosphere, and
its effects upon living beings in gt-neral,—
-It strikes me that their appearances are
not only conromitant of the Cholera in
our City, buttnzty give us an insight into

Z‘-It‘

for speculation on its progress andduratio‘ l.
 . I hope that ifI out alone until now in
some of the observations I have made,
that these few rcm;tr_l_;s will refresh the re-

"Eollectiott of others on the same points.

 In the ‘first place,'tho nature, properties,

' and color ofthe LlGl'1'I‘ havcbeen remark-

able and unusual, ever since Wltitsun
S.=tbbath,Juno 10th. On that day the
light was rich and gel ‘en ; it possessed
the penetrating and reft-acting power in so
great at degree, that it could not be exclu-
ded from the closest recesses. This we
know is the character of our summer sun-
shine, and the light which attends it.—
l’lerh»,tp,s the third or fourth day after the
date mentioned, the light reassumed, in a
slight degree, the warm ,',and elastic tone,
but ‘feebly although the day was clear.—-
Since then, it has constantly and percepti-
bly lost in color and Vlvldness, and suffer-
ed a gradual fading, so that all distant ob-
jects appear more distant and less distinct.
This effect upon the eye does not arrest
the attention of every one perhaps, be-
causathe understanding being sure of the
rate of distances among‘familiar objects,
_, V But this
effect might have been perceived by arty
observer : and this cltango in themedium
of light still exists, giving a vagueness and
dimness to the images reflected upon the
vision. . _

In the same period of time I have ob-

served a very permanent and persisting
mist to the east, covering at least one quar-
ter of the sky, and lying under the bright-
est sunshine like a thin white drift.
Tlto clouds which are floating over us,
rarely and but transiently, assume the
rounded and cumulato fortn. They do
not imbibe that principle or element of
heat and rarofactiou which under our June
and July suns used to display them infan-
tastic and capricious union and expansion,
cnnvolving apparently with attraction and
repul.-:ion,4-an appoarauce so well descri-
bed by Bryant, tho pootof American sea-
sons :— , ‘

'-—When even the deep-blue heavens are glad-
Tho clouds are at play in the azure space,

And their shadows at play o’er the tnazy vale,
And here they stretch to the frolic chase,

And there they roll on the easy gale.

Now and for weeks “post the air cannot
brace them; the edges grow ragged and
divergent, they are carried along by the
wind and stratifyin masses. '

There never was a season with fewer
thunder storms; and there have been no
summer evening electric flashes-What
rains we have had, ltavo come after a low
rumbling of thunder, as if the skies were
all one sponge of loosened vapour.

Tho hue ufiho sky, which in summer
is of deep blue, sometimes of thelapis-laz
uli, sometimes ofths slaty tint, has been
latterly uniformly pale ; and from the east
to the zenith, even when the sun is in me-
ridian splendor, there is a silvery opacity,
a pearly reflection, which is rather fit to
be termed ttoutral tint than azure.

‘Let the cause be what it will, whether
it be the prevalence of steady strong winds
at a great height in tho_air, or a prismatic

tvltenlit is equal under both Tat-ifl‘s ; down to

[deprivation to us of the yellow and rod

V living. as it were, in the first steps of the

 

rays by vapours held sublimod at 0 great
distance above the earth, the change lev-
ertheles-, in the appearance of the heavens
cannot‘ be denied, and that the properties
of the light have been thus deteriorated for
tholast six weeks.

We may well presume that vegetable
and animal life are both affected by so un-
timely and disnstorous an alteration. But
we have every reason to hope, from the
vat-iableness.of our climate in in position
exposed to the sea and land wind, that this
meteoric influence is nearly spent, and will
soon be counteracted.

We have been wont.to see the sunset:
ofNew York rivaling those of the tropics
in gorgeousness, and enkindling the Wllolu
air with crimson and gold. Who has seen
such a sunset since \Vltitsunclayi’ A faint-
ly rosy tinge is the utmost that has bright-
ened the Occident. The sun has been
"show of his beams," and we have been

shadow of an eclipse.

I cannot imagine a spectacle more sol-
emnly sublime than the present aspect of
this extensive and half-deserted city, seen
-in full day, and under the awe and solici-
tude ofimpcnding danger which fills the
mind, and impresscsthe air ofthe remain-
ing inhabitants. The vast lines of edifi-
ces, under the pallor of the crepuscular
sunshine, appearing at once with all the‘
clearnoss of day, and the amplitude and
blending ofmoonlight; the skies and the
air blanched in lustre, the streets whiten-
ed, and comparatively lonely, and the son-
timent of vacuity and vastness increased
not alone by the desertion of places of re-
sort, but mainly by that dim, feeble and
imperfect radiance effused over the earth,
and which is, perhaps,the mysterious cause
ofthe epidemic mortality which is walk-
ing unseen among us.-—\-Va of the city are
now, I think, like etiolated plants; and
deprived of our due stimulus of light, our
organs waste and suffer,’ while those who
are the least able to resist this decay of
their vital powers, become the prey ofsuch
dal atarions agonts,as would,under the reg-
ular and accustomed stimulus of ligbt,have
proved inert and inoctious.

I should mttch like to learn whether the
same peculiar absence of yellow in the
sun shine has not already been noticed
wheretha cholera has prevailed. I am
disposed to believe that it has been observ-
ed ; and it certainly mttst be owing to this
state of the light that the air has become
such a conductor ofclectricity that this a-
gent cannot be detained around us. What
are the late discoveries concerning the
purple of light and its aflinity for magnetic
currents? Is it not said that the violet
ray is so highly conducting that magnets
have been made by applyingit with a prism
upon steel I

In the interim, before I find answers to
these questions, I shall, if permitted, con-
tinue to observe the influence of this weath-
er upon persons, animals attd insects. l
have already had occasion to see'tl;,a’t-.chron-
ic disorders and weakness seem ‘generally.
aggravated by it. Insects have ‘not their
usual animation. Animals have lost their
usual fire and vivacity. Closer observers
than I, must already have given att ntiou
to these considerations, and I shall bebop-
py ifl awake their interest sulliciently to
lead them to communicate their observa-
tions for public satisfaction and advantage.

Dr. Drake, of Cincinnati, conjectures‘ that
cholera is caused by animalculae or insects
in the air, too small to be seen by the naked
eye, but which introduced into the lungs and
stomach, operate on the systetn as s. poison.
In support ofthis supposition, he uses the fol-
lowing arguments :

1. It, is known to all the world, that
many insects either in their bite. or sting,
are decidedly poisonous-—for instance,
musquetoes and wasps. 2. Many kinds
of insects appear in countless numbermnd
in general, the smaller the more numerous.
3. It is admitted by the Naturalists that
there are insects inhabiting the air, which
are too small to be seen by the naked eye.
4. We know many species of gnatsp-hicb
are extremely numerous, multiply them-
selves by depositing their eggs in the wa-
te., and extend from the lropical regions
almost to the poles, flourishing equally in
all climates. 5. Let us suppose a species
of the same family so small as to float
themselves in the atmosphere unseen, to
arise in Asia—-might they not spread them-
selves, by migration or on the winds into
other lands P Would they not lzeep along
the rivers, in which they would lay their
cggs like our ntusquetocs? Would they
not frequent harbors? Might they not
attach tltomselvcs tothe caravan of trav-
ellers, and ships, and thus pass from place

to place multiplying to: fatal degree ,

wherever they found stagnant water, mo-
rasses, and wet filth in which to deposit
their eggs ?——Might they not be wafted on
the winds to high and salubrious situa-
tions io many of which the disease basse-

tttally appeared i’ Might they not swarm
about the poor or filthy, in preference to
those‘ in tnore comfortable circumstances I
Is this not the case with many insects and
parasitic‘ animals ? Finally, might not
ship: import tltem, to multiply as new col-
onies remote from their birth place ?--
And under this View may we not recon-
cile much of the discordanttostimony, on
the subject of contagion and importation ?

After the heavy shower in N. York, on the._
24th inst. myriads of animnlculae, almost im-
perceptible to the eye, were discovered in a
bowl of rain water which had just fallen.-
Tboy were of a greenish tinge, and seemed to
be "winged. The writer who "communicates
the information. seems to think that an ex-’
amination of this phenomenon might lead to

CHOLERA IN THE ARMY. , .
The Editors of the Journal of Commerce
have been favored with the following extract
oft: letter from an officer in tlte'U. 8. Army,

dated
» Foam Gmt-rro'r, July 15, 1832.

“ Our detachment originally consisted of
something less than 400 men._ Of this num-
ber about 30 have died hero, and at least 20
of the deserters have died. - Making in all,
50. That.-is, about 1-8th of the whole num-
ber. ln Montrealtbe. number of deaths was,
but 1-30th. Of those attacked, probably" I--
bout 20 in all will have recovered. But this
is not all. There is not, I believe, a single
ind tvidual in the detacbment,wltet.hot- officers »

or privates, that has not had some one of the t -

spmptoms of the disease, and the majority
have had nearly all of them. Of all of the
oflicers, Capt. Whiting and myself are the
only ones who have not had is diarrhea. 
which the disease is almost invariably prece-
ded.) The only officers that have been at-‘
tacked, arc, as I before wrote you, Lieutenant
Clay, Col. Twiggs, and Dr. Everett. Dr.
Everett died night before last. He lingered
along as many as 4 or 5 days. The Cholera.
changed with him into the typhus fever, and
be grudttally sunk away, without it being pos-
sible to restore life to the vital powers. By
his treatment of the disease in its first stage,
he so completely exhausted his system, that
no stimulants could restore him. Up to the
time that he was rtttaclted, all who had died,
had died in the first stage : that is, while the
spasms were upon them. It.’ was his belief,
or hope at least, that if he could be made to

To this end he made such an excessive use of
stimulants, (causing so lioavy a draught upon
his system.) that he was left prostrate. with
hardly sullicient strength to enable him to
speak. Doct. Kerr, one of our physicians,
is ofopinion, that the heat is to be kept on the
surface by external, not internal applications.
Col. Twiggs is doing very well ; he will
probably be entirely well in the course ofa.
week or ten days. It is now nine days since
we landed here, and II days since the first
case occurred on board the boat. As to the
question whether the Cholera is contagiouser
not, every one here is of opinion that it is not ;
but that. it proceeds from atmospheric infec-
tion. The air about the sick, strange as it
may seem, appears no more infected than any
where else. Not: one of the hospital atten-
dants has been taken down, and there have
been a great many of them. They have been
changed almost every day, and the nttmber of
them each day has averaged about 10 or l2.
Judging only from what has taken place here,
the conclusion would be that the attendants
are at least no.tnore liable than any one else.
Very few have been attacked who have not
been exposed to inclement weather. There
can be no doubt but that the disease has its
seat in the stomach. The infection has com-
pletely disorganized the stomach of every one
ltere. It takes away all appetite, throws the
stomach into a fearful state _of morbidity, and
debihtates one exceedingly. Not one fourth
of the detachment are now able to attend to
duty, in consequence of disorgantsed stom-
achs, and consequent debility. Great care
must be taken to keep the stomach in the
best state possible. Costiveness is to be" avoi-
ded as well as diarrhea ; for it is very apt. to
terminate in it. ’ Our Doctor relies ttpon ca.-
'lome-.l to correct the stomach and put the di-
gestivc powers into action. For this purpose

sirable that it should not operate as a power-
ful pu*gat'tve. It seems to be as good as any
medicine to stop the (ll8l'l'l)(B.'-1. One obstinate
case of tliar:-lioea, which had resisted calomel,
has been subdued in a few minutes by an al-=
kali. This is the only case in which an alkali
t-asbeen tried. It is supposed by many that
the diseased state of the stomach proceeds
from an acid in tltestomztclt. If this be the
case, an alkali is the best medicine; for it will
neutralize the acid. The virtues of an alkali
previous to an attack have not been fairly
tested. But Doctor Kerr t-tu'es.thttta severe
pain in the stomach, from which a person at-
tacked with the Cholera always suffers very
much, may be invariably removed by admin
istering an alkali.

There are now no cases of Cholera within
15 orv20 miles of here. I learn thatpit is sub-
sitlirtg at Detroit.

Another Letter dated July 10, says :-

The dead bodies of the desertérs are literal.
ly alrewed along the road. between here and
Detroit. No one dares give them relief. not
even a cup_of water. A person on his way
from Detroitherc, passed six lying groaning
with the agonics of the Cholera, under one
tree, and saw. one corpse by the read Ildls
hall" eaten up by the hogs. ‘

_, Cholera among the North Western Indt'ans._
a'I‘lee following paragraph from the Montre-,
al Canadian is," -specially. worthy of attention :_
The Canadian of 'I‘ueeday- last conta.I|I8_3
statement made by a Voyageur recently art‘!-.
ved from the King's Posts. Of 159 Pl'°V3l°°°°_
of a disease among the Indians of the Norllh
l0_O leagues from the sea, during the early-
part of May lasr, which. in many pat-ticulars,_
such as cramps, diarrhoea and vomiting, re-_
sembles the prevailing epidemic. The In-_
dians, however, cured themselves by a decor:-_,
tion of Barks. This story would prove that
the introduction of th;o,diseose_bere is notat-,
tributable to the shipping, or the arrival of
emigrants, since it has reached a place totally
unconnected with either, previous to its op.‘
pouring in Quebec. ' ~

Fasting and Prayer.)-‘Gov. Wolf of Penn-_
sylvaniu, has followed the example of the
chief magistrates of several other States, and
recomntendeda day of fasting, humilistion,,~
and prayer, with reference to the desolating
calamity which impends .over this country,‘
and which has in an awful manner visited,
New.Yprl:. In his proclamation, the lan-
guaga, sentiment, and feelings of which do
‘aim great credit, is the following passage :-—
"And although the propriety of recommend-
ing a fast by the civil authority of ti State is
doubted by some and altogether denied by
others : Yet when a whole people is threat-_
ened with the visitation of “the Pestilence
that wallsetbin_darkness, “bearing death and
destruction in its tr-ain,_it. becomes the duty of
all, whether occupying civil stations, to arouse
their fellow citizens to a sense of their dan-
ger, and to exert them as one man to devote’
themselves in humility and Godly fear, on’ a.
day to be set apart for that. pugposo. to the
service of the G_od,of‘.Na_ttons, and to unite in
common supplicatitin to Him in whose hands
our lives are, that he would graciously avert

some useful information in regard to the chol-
ora- - '

from us the threatened calamity, or mitigate

, lite tlcsolating severity-T’. ..

he administers only two grains, it being de- .

survive the first stage, he would recover.— .

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