3 I
l
I .
t%‘\'DIA TRADE.
.',.;i.-5 -rt nu... N'aiioiialJournal,ia remarks
rncriit British Order in Council. takes
5. >‘_I-trill‘. .v of‘ the measures that have been piir-
fsiic.-: by the governmenfof the United States,
in relation-to a reciprocal intercourse with the
British Uulotilcs, and sliews that the cotitli
tions-upon which the trade has been prosecir
g-ed have been ;, conllllllttl theme of elaborate
discussion bctivceii this Government and that
nfGreat }3i'iIain-. After giving a history of
the various rocasiires adopted. by the two a0
's»emn~'.ents, llin writer prticeetlsto remark on
the late acts oftbt: British Parliament as fol-
‘}'()\V<5 '. .
‘B v these acts the trade ofthe Colonies
was still further opened, and importations au-
thorised of articles therein entirnerati-tl, at
‘certain prescribed rates of duty, of which the
sclieiliiles were annexed to the first ofthtrsaid
‘am ofJo"ly 5. and the vessels importing the
‘pt-.rriiit'ed arricles were authorized to tiialie
exportations frotn the said open ports, to any
foreign country wliatsoevei'; it being at ll"?
same time enacted, “that manufacttiietl,
‘goods should be deemed to be the produce‘ of
the country of which they were the manulac
titre; and that no gootls shall be imported llll0
‘any British possession in Asia. All'lC«‘l. 0]’ A
tneriva, UrllL‘S.‘t they be in the ships of the
ooiimi-y til which they are the produce, and
from whivgh the goods are imported.”
The voyage outward was therefore reqtiiretl
to be direct from the United States, and the
cargoes to _be composed exclusively of articles
gliv growth, produce, or mantifactiire tliereol.
but lioel'or pork, salted or fresh, (except into
Newf-‘*ui‘idlaiid.) fish, salted. or dried. oil, and
'.1l‘lll".lt-‘S the produce of the sea, were with
soiitetitliers, cxpressl_v prohibited from an ex
poitaiion froin the United States to the said
ports on any terms whatever.
These acts, so faras they went. were an a-
mt-lioratiou oftlie pieviuiisly existing tei‘tii‘.s
of intercotirse with the British Colonies ;—
inasniucb as they 8Xl€ltllt‘(l the list ofaiticles
pt‘-rmllletl to be imported tliereiii ; and 'r\ll()\ -
ed exportations to be uizide to other foreign
coiintries; doing away, by implication, thr-
bonds previously required to be given for Am.
'g‘esst'-_ls; which, however are stated to liav-;
been required at Jam:itt:a in April ; to the last
til” wliit.-li tnoiith applications ctititiotictl to be
miracle to the etiliecttirs oftlie Cost-nu‘: in sev
bral ports, for certificates to Calttztfl them, and
probably to a later, if iiot to the present. p.-:-
t‘li’lt.l. . ~~
In other respects, cxccp: a vari tnce i.-i thr-
duty on certain articles, it is not pe%‘CP:V8t‘l
that any material alteration is Hli1(lGll_'*’ llI8.°i.‘
-.-\t;ts of Paijliaiiieiit, in the pr»-vitiiislf/'fixlslltltl
ciiatiiiistances ofthe trade ; and ztitlioiigh a-
,-n.;l.- r act of I’arlianieut nits p2i§'58t‘l of the
satned-tie, tloly 5th. h-.i‘vin;; reference to the
Cll~.l_0l!lS, by ivliicli :iiiih;wiI_‘v‘ was given to the
Ctili'?':‘S5lUltCl'S of his Lllaj-esty’s Treasury to
grant to the ofii-::(‘i's of the Cristi‘-I119 in the
llritish dnniinions,s:ich fees and 'nllot'-’:iIit:t:<
as tlicy might tliinlt fit, it is not knoivii that
inlnrmatioii of arty cliarges that had been
llttttle was received in thcUnitctlStates tluri n.’
the late session of. Coiigrr-ss ; while it. hail
beeii avowed in I‘arliatnent, that great abus-
es were practised in this dcpartuietit of the
't_Inlonic-s, inseparable from the existing sys-
tem‘. and that the exactiotis iii iii-any instan-
ocm nti slnps and their C(tY{_',O'3§, * amounted to
more tlizm all the tliifivs collected lliel‘t‘0it ;
. nor was it then known iiliat was the practical
operation ofihc acts of 182;’; on the cominerce
oftlic United States,or ivnat were the instruc-
tions oftlie‘Eiig|isli Goveinuieut in l’€l.il.lOll
t_o it. ’
In this complicated, vziryinrz, and tll7t‘.Pl‘lnlll
state oftlie inteicotirse between the U. States
and the British C-ilonies. a prdpositioii was
stibiiiiited to the Sctiatc, iitiiiiediiirclv to abol
isli the tliscriminatiiig duties oi_i Btitish ships
C(_l|llll3'g frotii thence; and of utliiiittiiig Br
's'(?9~,t'lS t'roiiiivli.itevci ports, or with whatso-
ever loaded, on the saute tt='rtn.s as those ol the
most favored nation; being the condition on
which the coloiii-il trade was to’ be allowed
by the Act ol Parliament of 1825, unless dis-
pPl;St’(_l with liy an Or-tcr in Coiiucil——which
duin-s. under the then existing British iegiila-.
iioiis and tiszigcs, could not but in a great de-
gree protect the Ainericau n€l\‘l$._{'-Illlill enga-
gctl in the trade, arid-enable it to sustain itself
against the competition of British ll2H'lg‘r]ll(Jll;
and the unconditional suspension of which
rxculd, as it is believed, r.-pcrate as a bounty
‘.'.ii"tli3 crnplcyment of British shipping in the
trails, :~r0L‘0t‘lictialil_v subsnacting it t‘roni the
Vcssels of the U. S. -
And although it was not considered at the
time as expedient to do this, the disposition
maiiifcstetl liy these acts oftlie British Par-
liainent, to relax their foriiit:-_r regulations with
l’(',!'rlr(l ttiihe trade, were undoubtedly calcu
lated to lead to new efforts on the part ofthe
Utiitetl States. to entleavour definitely to ar-
range it on terms acceptable to both nations ;
and accordingly it has been understood, that
especial instructions had been coiitemplatt-d
to be given to the American Minister at the
court tit London.- who wasjiist eiiteriiig on
the \ll:jC(IlS of his inissioti, and fully possessed
of the views and wisiies ofliis Goveriiiiieut in
regard to the trade. to give to it his earliest
:_t’tl.€llllOll, in the hope evt.-ritually to adjust it.
and which it was expected he would speedily
‘be r nabled to accoiiiplisli.
A result which probably would have been
ziziained ere this,bui for the iinforiiiiiate state
of liefaltli of that gcrttleniati, tlistiuguished as
a diploinatist, and who had been for vears la-
Hllll-ti with the subject, and desirous ofiis
':-iettteitictit -
Utitlei these (‘ll‘CUtl>Sil)l'iCE‘S. the expediency
ofawaitiiig negotiations. expectetl, from the
;:i.-nwt-tl disposiiioiis. and it. may be added ob-
'tit.u~ interests of built cot.tut_rit:s, to come to
an early issue; or if iiiinicdiatcly aiiiiulliiig
ilk tllSCl'l:'nlllHllOIlS and restrictiriiis on British
?7&§\&:ls and products from the Colonies, forni-
ed the real gist ofthe question, which was be-
fore the Senate the last winter :and ttot'wlie-
shot it \\'l:'l() desirable to do it on equal condi-
fitviis; the latter ‘of whitrli would iirribzilily at
_ airy time have been advocated liy every mem-
ber oftii_at honorable body——-and a rt-ferenr-c
st‘ \'lll.il would ltavc been the relative sitiiation
-2.’ tin United States in one case or the other,
.- iil pnmably lurulsl) it conclusive aiisirer to
'-.'it‘ it-qutry.
-i 1*‘ «.2 -1 instance, the trade, which has
lit‘. ~iit~y:ct of ct:-ntrot"ersy for more than
. _\eai.~:, would have been still dependent
-iatitly varying Acts of Pailiaiiient, of
Eli.
.'»‘r:'»-n or.-arly as great a t.lttIll>-‘r had been in
that ti:iit-. eua.-ted and -t-pt-aled ;,aud the lat-
tcr oi wait-ti, by an express provision, were
.fiom the superior faciiititzs which
, , I
"epetilal2‘ie,cveii dtiringtbe seine session of
Parliament in which they were enacted ; and
on Orders in Council, by which they wert_3 1'6-
vocable at pleasure, according to the views
that might be entertained of the vascillatiug
interests of commerce, of the political llosl’
lion offireat Britain ;——suliject also to most,
ofthe disatlvantages before recited, SEW‘-|'3l ‘ll
which were dependant on Colonial laws and
regulations not touched by the Acts of_Pt_lr-
liaiiient : and which regiilations, even if iii-
terniitted for a time unless prohibited of ‘BL-
ulatcd by national 3*.’.l‘CCl’lI8lll, or Parliament-
ary autlioriiy, could at any moment he _re
riewed : with a continuance oftlie tliscriiiiiti-
tiring duties in favour oftlie adjacent British
Northern Coiitinental Provinces; and to the
perpetual exclusion of some of the iiiipnrtriut
staples oftlie United States from those in_ar
"ets;——the entire product of their fisheries.
and the salted provisions of the country, be-
cnnimg, from the increasing facilities ofm-
land water coiiiiniiuicaiiriit, as interesting to
the inliabitaiits of the fertile regions of the
‘Vest, as to those of the Atlantic States. and
which were intcrtlicted from iiiiportation in
the colonies oit any terms whatever.
Leaving, the trade also liable to sticli other
duties as the (‘olonial Legislature. who like-
wise consider tlieinselves as entitled to exer-
ciscjiiristliction over it, may, from caprice or
fecliiig, or a View oftlieir own insulated iii-
terests frotii lime to time, think proper to iiii—
pose on it-——as nia_v be evirlencetl by ;in_act of
the Legislzitiire of Nova Scotia, passed and
approved by the Governor of the colony. on
the Slst of :\larcli last, eight itiontlis after the
enactment ofthe acts of Parliament, of the
suiiiuier ol'l8'~2.').lcvyi.it1iieivtluticsofinipost
on articlcsimporietl from foreign countries.
and adding. also, in'the atlvalorerii articlr-.s.an
excise duty oft} 3 4 per cent. In the antimi-
ciatiozi oftlie. passing of wliicli act. an £-xiilt-
:tll0l‘l was lfitltll;1f"l, that protection would
thereby bt- all’...-tlt-tl 'igain.t the iiiiportations
from “lll(*.r cotiiitrics. and particularly iigiiltisl
ti-e inimrlticiiaii ofilie manufactures of the
United States.
Wliile, on the other liand. iftlir- cxistiiia rc-
~itrit'tioiis and tliscriiiiiiiatioiia on Britisli nav-
lg’-ll.lt)ll .-ind conioicrct-, iveie ivithrlrawn with
not any fiitthcr i qnivrilciit, and the foreifiti
duties ribolished. ls} lll~‘l1 ships and lltel’cl’l'dl1-
dizc would be atlmiited into the ports nfthe
United States. from wbeiice<oevet' coming. or
\‘-"'.ll wltatsocver lo.-dt:tl.pieciscly on the saznc
;is as the vessels and r-.._miniei'ce thereof, Ex:
'-Li the saint-, rates of (ltlllt‘S and trliar_._r;rs, as well
t't'»..iii the rnloiiitrs as the inotlier coiiiitry.
. Thus ahantloriiiig the £’l'Ul|lttl lierctofore ta
Len by the Amer-iclaii i_[nve't‘nIl'teti|’, ofits tight
to rpqiii '9 Fl _;"-ist rctziiirticily, fixed on a slalilc
liasis-, and deprivin':_ it also of the principal
lever it possessctl, rqiiittilely to arrange this
coniplitmtctl and lu.n«_r Cttnlestétl iiiiciest, and
at the saute time giviiig, tip all ll‘.OllVf‘-i (‘ill lllf‘
par{'ol”lllf! British G(iVlf_‘l'Iill’l‘3lll., for couiiiig
in a tum-r: :-tent-pl;ililu a;lj'i|.Sll‘tll’l'It of it hereaf
ter, and for wliioli Ive.» were t')'i'-l}' lit t‘f3Cl3lWf
pt=i'iiii.ssioii to trade vrizn the iSrtti.-=':i Colonies
in direct vovagesfroin ill-Z‘, U. $':‘t:ati'"-.i:i artic-
les exclusively ofiiicir l_{l'()\\“!l. pvotlticti, or
niaitiifactoie, siilijotzt at the i3rii,i-ili WW’ Ullll”
pnttatioti to both ll.'l|'llillllt-?lll(‘.l‘y anti colniiizil
itiiposts, and to an excise, to he rr~,r__r_iilal-ail at‘
will by tho diffcrt-tit govt-rii'.iieii:s imposiri_:_;
them: and revocalile in wt. ile, or in part. at
any time, he an order in Ctitiuttil, the aiinol l
lllll.{ ofati act of Parli:iineui, or the repeal ti!
:1 cnliitiial low.
At the satire time, aniotig other {ltlVCl‘it’-
cousnqiiciitwes, pt-ribably [f$1liSf€l'l’lll_:_f :- large
part ofilie direct into-rconrsc even wiili the
[(‘t'i'llt'it'l“St)fG"t‘al Britain in Eitrrtlie ;——2ilill
pcrliaps the whole oftlic pl."i.~.ter Made. 4 sill)-
j“(‘.l nfsome iinportaiice to the. State oftilaines
to,Briti:~li carritws, who uiiglit. take their vvs
sels iuiuicdiniely to the quarries, 150 miles dis
tant from the nearest open port. receive tln_~i.
cargoes, and pl’i)C€*'(l onto all the ports of
sale in the U. Snares ; wliiletlie vessels oftliis
country could only obtain their caigocs at
otie oftlie peritiittcd ports, wlit=rt:- the plaster
must he first carried. :tiitl subject to the “X
peusc of frel-glii, to the port of l0-itllng. (whicli.
however small, would be an item ofsomc ini-
pt)|‘lilUCf‘ in an article oftliis descripiioii,):iiitl
to the 8.‘lll(‘llS“S of l.iutlinr.1 and ieloading.——
And from the gl't’.¥1lel‘pr.')Xlllllly of their liar-
burs in the W'est Indie-, also egiviiig to British
iitivigzition in the intervals oftlie Europe-in
fi'eiglitiiic_ seasons, or l". case ofbad ci'ops.antl
consequent want ofetiiployiiictit, ifiiot at all
llIl'lt‘§, the carryng trail» between the Utiiteii
States and the Coloiit-‘-s, it it'll?!‘ atlvtititaiges
with which our navigation could not compete,
would be
afforded to British ii.tvigatioii, by being ena-
bled to bring freiglits from England to the U.
Sttii-is taking a cargo to the West Indies, the
oiity prttfilublt: part ofthe intercourse, 34. from
ttieiice l't*'lIl‘lll!'.g fully loaded again with pro
duce to Great Britain; the latter of wliicb we
should be llll(‘l'tllClr3d from doing. ()CClll‘I'£‘llv-
ces worthy of serious coiisideration,atid which
perlrtips would not be adequately compensated
for by the privilege of carrying put manufac-
tures to the Colony at a heavy duty, when
the same articles could be obtained by them
from England direct, without dirty, and al-
most without frei;__i,lit.
The question then is, whether this state of
tnings should be produced, or wliethcr it were
more expedient that the subject slioiiltl be left
v-'twi'e it then stood, with tlie:Pie.siileii't. of the
U. State-s,who possessctl the power to suspend
the discritnitiatitig, duties, whenever s.itisfac-
mry proof was given to him that like terms
liad been granted to American eouiinerce and
navigation in the British Colonial ports ? Or,
that it slimild remain in the hands ofa highly
itifurined and able nt.‘gt)Clal0t‘, intimately ac-
qiitinited iiith the stiliject, 81. who could alone
be desirous, as soon as might be practicable.
to bring it to issue? Arid thus to close a per-
plexing ant. complicated negotiation which
had bet-ii coeval with the e,ovemn'ient, on ex-
plicit and perinanenttcrins, and not changea-
ble during the period agreed on, except by
the coiicurreiice ofall the parties to the coin-
pact. .
There would scarcely seem room for 3
election on such cotiditions, and the Report
ofthe Committee of the Senate was, as it is
presumed to have been expected, against at
that time furtlier legislaiiug on the subject,
preferring first to await. the issue oftlie pend-
ing negotiation; a cotirse which was supposed
to be an entire coincidence with the Opinions
nftliosc who were most conversant with the
subject, and had been called for years to give
it a laborious and minute attention, and to
follow it tlirougli all its Qliiiiiges.
lsttres ofthe gqverunieiit.
' U; alter this reference to the laws and mea-
C
I-
:-
/’
riod referred to‘, it were possible to tlétlllfi _ “-5
liberal tltspositioris with regard to tlif‘ l‘“°‘g_"
commercial regulations ofthe U. SW85: ll
uiight be still further evidenced ll)’ “ "9°‘“"
reiice to the message oftiie Preslll’-‘-”' at llle
opening ofthe late session of C()'lf1:,l‘('..‘iS, in
which hejustly ponrtr-iv.~ the views (H the go.-
vernmeni. and recoinniciids an autliorlly l‘’,
be given to rescind even the last remnant ‘bl
restriction that reiiiaiocd in our coiiiinerctal
code, liy adit-iitting gn0(lS from all c0ut1l|'|C-“ 1"
the vessels ofthose nations who would aCCOt'tl
to us the like conditions ; on th'e saute i'er_nis
as in otir own vessels; :1 sitggestiou Wltlch
was promptly attendeif to, and a coinp_relieu-
sive bill reported accoitliiigly It) the ,-bellfilei
antliorizing the President to do this, in f<‘tV0r
-“fany nation, wlienever satisfaclorl’ llllhlma‘
iioti was given him that no tliscriitiiiizition to
the tlisittlvantage of the vessels and comiiicrce
oftlie'Unitetl "States existed in ilie ports of
such nation.
This bill. introdiiced by the Coma ‘tree of
coiiinierce ofthe Senate, lltiallllnollsk passed
that hotly, and it is conceived pr!‘-Senlcll ll‘?
~‘ttllljf‘Cl to the coiisitlcralioii of the House of
Re irescotatives on as broad terms as could
befiesirable, but where it was never defini-
tively acted tipon.
The fnrt_-going observatioiis have been ill-
tei_:di.'d only to presv‘nr a sutiimary outline of
the tiiore prominent Clt'CUll)Sl>ll‘tC€S connected
with a stibject ctinfessedly of iiiiportance, and
which has occupied the attention of the Gov-
eriimeni for many years ; and not. with a view
ofeiitcring at large into the argttments or de
tails respecting it,wliicli probably could alone
be iisefiilly and correctly done by a knowl
edge ofall the facts and dociirnelits Oh llle
stilijcct, and which are not to be coniinanded;
but as a topic oti which the best and true pol-
icy ofbotli counti-ies is in iiiiisoti, and cntmoi
but be proiiiiretl by relations of peace and
friendly ll‘lll‘t’Ct)lll'S(:l, it is still to be hoped
that. niutnal concessions being made, it may
come it) an acceptable issue at no distant pe-
riod. and, if practicable, l)t,’fnt‘B,lll‘dtliI'E’.SC1'll‘I(’d
for the recent stv-_:el>l|1g Order in Council to
take effect shall have arrivetl—on order issu-
ed at nearly the very moment of the landing
ofa new Minister from llllf’. United Slillefi lll
Eruglantl, without his having an opportunity
to hold a single conference with regartl to it.
lftliis should not be the case, it will retnrtin
for the wisdom of Congress to devise. such
uieasures as the interest and dignity of the U.
States niay IT-qtll5e; under a cotivictioii that
the CU'.ll‘*-if} lieretofoic adopted has been a
stiaiglit forward and a clear one-, and that the
hcs: interests oftlie country cannot. but coini-
Mlle to be fotiitd in a steady ’ .'Hlllf.‘l'E’.il’l(‘.'3 to it,
wliatever may be the coiisctpieiictrs whit-.li en-
sue ; and ivliicli, in anyeveiii, would probably
be as interesting to rlll|C‘i§ as to our_selves.
.‘?~."Al'I\T.——E‘xtrat:t of a letter from a trav-
Clcted ._\lat.lt'ltl, Sept. 1, 1336.
i
ii}?
cl
“ .‘ilisr=t-_v is extrenic in this country. The
towns of the province-.s are becoiiiiiig vast sol-
itutles. and the open country answers the sol-
itudc ofthe vzllat_r_es'. We do not meet a liv-
iut: being in the |oii_r_: inter vals which separate
the fmiiticr of France from that of Portugal.
Tlic ficlils, f)l(lliilHllV so aniiiiated in this sea
~‘.’ill. are 1ll)‘§":ll'llt’l_ytlCSY.‘.l’l‘2; hence there are
fvwer t‘()l.2l)t't'.~i than one would stippose, lie-
t-anse tlieri= iv iiotliiug to take. The gre-iter
p«’tt‘7 oi the t'iiiilt-ttcers, the diligeiici-.s. and the
nublic veliicles, are escorted. Those who
Havel on liorsclirick are armed even to llieir
iota-t'ri. If one asks from place, news‘ relative:
i:_-, intl:istry,,iio one can tell ofsucli a thing as
,1 inatiufactiirc The storchouscs. filthy. and
a most eiiipty, contain iititliiiig but inci'clian-
ill?!” iviilinut value. and mt'I'Cll'rIIllS without
'rt‘tlll. The goveriinicnt, afraid ofits own
~liadow. (’X€l‘('.lSl‘S by its police a veiitablc in-
rpiisitioo. Matlrid vatiiiot be entered without
an iaxprcss peiuiissioii, and cannot‘ be left
wtinout formalities the must iuiiiutc,and I
may say the most ritlicnlous. Is is far W075!‘
when any one takes a route near any one of
the roval liubitations : each traveller liecomes
then the subject of a scrtipuluii.s,' and sonic-
iiiiies an intlcticate iiivestigzitioii. It seeois
that the king is a prey devoted to the inan-
El-,1t:lllCl'll oftlic monks, and a few valets ofilie
Court.
“The events in Portugal are the objects of
continual discourse. Eacli one thinks of
them as of his own proper affairs. They say
that the tlt3Slllll“5 of Motltltl are at Lisbon ;
and that thence the liglii must coiiie. Every
eye is dircctetl toivartl the west. The Spanish
people, ordinarily so tacititrn, find loquacity
when they speak of Portugal. In despite of
all the inanifestos, they look for better tliiugs
in future. The corrtiption oftliose einplovcd
by the government, has become so evident, so
scziutlaloiis antl so indecent, that public cuti-
tempt knows no bounds for an administration
equally destitute of modesty Ev. ofcoiiscience;
The customs, for instance, which one good
for nothing for the country, yield a small a-
niounttotlie king’s treasury; bttt the trea-
sury not payiut_v, its servants, they have imagi-
ned a means extremely simple for paying
lllt'mSt.‘lV“s ; when the public vehicles or ves
sols arrive at a town oftlie peninsula, the cus-
tom hoiise ofliccrs appear with open liands,
and wliatever sum you tltepositio those purses.
empty and always open, «arises you to be en-
tered according to your Eipp(’.ftl"clllCC. The n-
verscers examine strictly only those who show
rcltiiztaiitze. 'I’liert-. is another f-ornitila,ivliicli
consists in saying ‘this isdr.-stincd for tlieking.’
The 7.cladorc.s, or gens ti’ariiie,s, of M. Pe-
cacho are spread tlii'otigli all the towns, and
one would think at Paris, from the resem-
blunce between their costume and rnaniiers,
and those ofthe protectors of cliastity in the
Boulogiie. All these men love money as
well as the oflicers of the ciistonis,and ittirids
no opposition let it be ol'f«.-red in.what mode
it may. The routine is to make money the
first C0llSl(l8"all0ll, antl the liouor of God the
next; and front the manner alone in irhieli
he is honored, you may decide that the regen-
eration of the people is considerably adjourn-
ed. in a village near Madrid, I perceived
that the bad flavor oftbe wine arose from the
vertical position ofthe bottles in the cellar.-
‘Lay your bottles down,’ said I to_tlie laud-
lord,‘ and your wine will gain by it, and your
purse also.’ ‘ That may be,’ answered the
taggard, ‘ but that- which has always been
good euotigli, cannot be bad to-day.’
" Deuiand of me no news of the manufac-
tures ; they manufacture here nothing but ea-
pucliins, crosses, banners, and’ a few pair o-
breeches for the royal’ volunteers, Every
thing else is abandoned." '
during the loné 135-‘
l
‘cuieaereil. or -rite nun mam-:9.
They are the Scotch Q/‘America.
yLike the Scotch, they are outwardly cold,
severe and sclfisli ; iuwardly'true, steady, and
about as warm as people who are brought up
to be “just before they :ire generous," ever
are, Like the Scotch too, they are shrewd.
sensible, inquisitive ; sincere, frugal, and hard
wtirkiiig. Like the Scotch too, they are an
educated people——etlucated as a people, in the
substantial pa-its ofedtication,to such a degree
as to fit them for all the couitiiou duties of
life. And like the Scotch, they are grave,
moral and religiotis, to a proverb.
./I3 a-people,tliey have more political knowl-
edg,e(bcc:itise they have more need ofit, hav-
ing so much political power) aiitl more news-
paper knowledge than perhaps any other peo-
ple on earth, not excepting the English them-
selves, who have more than the Scotch. As
1‘ PF°Pl9s ‘O0. they speak better Eiiglisli, odd
“‘ ll mil)’ appear, and latiglied at as they are
l‘-ll'_ 5}_l)'l"'.: so, than any oilicr hotly of pcfllllc
existing on our earth. Still, ll0WcVt‘.l'9 115 3
ll?-“Plea they are neither statesmen, scholars,
.‘.i)et'lliCl‘$, or writers ;and their everyday lan-
giitige is so altered here by a puritanical tone,
lllele by the rapidity and vivaciiy oftlieir ur-
limiltitioii, which is like that of one who is a-
b0Ul 10 be ovcrbid or overreacbctl in a biirgnlfb
as to appear like 'oad English. There is not
a man of their whole iitiinbcr so i{;Ill3l‘8m 35
the inultitudc-s of Europe ; hardly a man that
you would be williiig to put among the boors,
the ritstics, the pciisamry, or the pf0VlllCli|lS oi
three-foiirtli‘s of Europe ; but, (lien, they do
not abon-id in very superior mcn——tll(‘Y llillle
btit here and there one who wmmi [,9 qualified
lot t:Ol‘hl)FllllOnSlllp with the first men of Eli-
|'0lJe- More they will have; but just low their
chit-f men are but solitary stats in thc_gre'-it
Sliy oftlicir coiintry.
They have all the Scotch hartliliood, the
Scotch probity,aiitl a good share ofthe Scotch
f0"lJ-“-ilml‘-C‘-‘i '-W Sflbniissiveiic-~si,ii hicli they call
teSl,‘_[I'lfl[l0ll,- tip to the poitit wlir-re stibiiiissioii
is no longer profitalilc ; but iititliitig ofthe Sir
flrcliy oftlie .-ifrirsgjcopftaiit-«sltetches. by the
way, which we hold to be a caricature ofin
dividutils, not ofa ii:itiou——a caricature, not
fifth? Scotch people,liiit ol Scotcliuien. The
Yaiikees are, to a proverb, a “ moral and roll
gious people.” They are iibstitiate, persever-
inc’. and old fashioned in all their ways of
tliiiilting and acting; friirzal, yet prone to a
sort ofold Eoalisli hospitality. They are ca-
pable of any thing. if prepared early; but in
at-iieral are (lPl'lv‘,ient in warnitl), refinetnerit,
entliusiasni, delicacy, and fine peculiarity of
temper. They are chiefly remarkable abroad
for their great good sense their industrv,thcir
plain dealing, their cqoable temper, their per-
si=.verau_ct-, their sound practical moralit_v,cool
t‘.0Ul‘:lg_P; and’ variety of iesoiirce after the
out-ittiirntv of any hope wliaaever. The true
Yankee is iievcr (ll§COlll’-tgell.
Of him, as of the Stzotcliman. if caught
yoting, mutzli may be uiadc-; any thing indeed
but a very fashionable man, or that which is
indeed .1 gentleuiaii, just now. The native
New Eiiglziiitler, or t';:-3 genuine Yankee. is
iinteacliable so far-—ln_~. wants the profligatc
ease, the veil bred grat-.t=.f_iil proiiiptitude, the
superb self-posscssiointhe very instinct of gen-
tility, which the native male ofa more south-
ern latitude is born to-—tlie art, in a word, of
trifling gracefully. every where, at all times,
in all places, with an air which nothing can
ever discriinpose. and a look which it were in
vain to describe. ,
The New Efléfill-il'ltl€l' is not siiffcieiitly tall.
or, when tall enough, is too broad over the
slioultlers, too stiff, and much too sturdy, ever
to atxquire the proper tiiir.liil:ttioo for a ball
room or a drawing room. His carriage every
where is that ofoiie who could be out ofplace
in the world of high fashion. who could not
breathe freely in the I'lll‘ll0Spllf’.l'fi ofcourts ;-—
and if he should happen to get there, he is apt
to become too wise and much too thoughtful
for the occasion; sure to beliave like one who
at the same time is too awkw-.ird and too con
scientious for the people about him’, toti grave
aiitl too absurd for the elegant hypocrisies of
high life.’ He cannot look people in the fact-,
bow, smile. squeeze their hands, -and sivcar
that be is glad to see them, while in his licart
he is wisliing them at the bottoinofilie Red
Sea;uor, if you were to talk with him forever.
such is the stupidity oftlic anim-il, would you
ever be able to tiiake bini perceive that such
behavior is either expedient, or wisc,0r niaiily.
To give the cliaracter atlccidcd shape-if
you are on the look otit for a friend—-a friend
‘hat will stick by you tliroiigh good report and
tliroiigli evil report, so lo,ng as you are able to
friend of few words and of plain words, who
will prove his frieiidsliip, wlienever there is
need ofinoral proof, as few other men ivoiild;
though to prove his impartiality, he would be
sure to abuse you beliiud your back for that
which he would forgive in anotlier, and before
your face, for that which he would approve,
were he not your fiicutl ;-—if you are on the
lookout for frit~udsliip like this-, and are will
ing to wait a year or two, or an age, as tin-
case may be, until you deserve it; or if you
have occasion for a hearty steadfast foe, on-
who will be sure to keep you at work, l)l,l!,llt
and dav--for the rest ofyoiir life-—~tlie “ Gen-
So
too, ifyou tire in search ofa deep tlteologian,
a severe critic, a profound lawyer, a geiieial
(for dcfciiding yoii,) a siatesiiiaii, a tll.‘:lltell‘.a~
ticiun, a husbaiid,who, however iiiiich he iii.-.y
respect and love you in a serious way, will be
sure to forget you are a woman every day in
the week and every hour in the «lay, ifyoti he
l'i:ive like a fool—-nay, though you are not half
his age, though you ll)dl'l‘lC(l for love and are
the mother of his one child ;——or‘if you are
in search of a wife, who will have her own
way, liowever dear you may be to her, when-
ever she believes it her duty to have her own
way——-go to New Englantl.
[.N"t:w .lIonlli-lg .'l]ag-gzirze,
Uri/tnppy state. of Suc.r:z_i/ in the West...-A
letter from 'l‘eiiiiessec,tlaied Sfivjef, October
llltli says, “ On Moiiday night last, Colonel
Perry, the Clerk of Sevier County, was tnost
barbarously murdered in his bed.” The deed
was done about two (_)’clu(;k, by a blow from a
small axe or-touialitiwk, inllictetl by a person
unknown, who imiiiediately escaped from the
room. Mr. G. has left a widoiv and four or
five «.:ltildret_i. The suite letter says, “ One
day last week ‘-1 Inat: was shot in Knox c0lI!l-
rj,-, iv-"til" pioti.;l‘:i«i g in his tield, by some rut’-
hxn W1)-') was l_vnig in ambush for -the pI_lf-_
satify him, wlia'soevcr the world may say-—-a ;
nine Yatiltec,” the cold, upright, stpiare look- .
~in.g native New Eiiiglziiidcr is your niaii.
"F
’v'ERMt;‘2N’l" Ls‘.titsL.-ti‘t7'P.i*-.
_ The message of Gov. Butler to the LenT;;.
lature of Vermont at. the cornmeacementoof
its present session, exhibits more sound sense
than any documeiit-oftlie kind, that has beei’i
bejtore the public for many years past, and
“ll”, we doubt not, be read with interest. The
Ollowiiig extracts are given as a specimen.
“ Let the constitution oftlte United States
he held sacred ; let none of its fundamental
principles be altered. or undermined. Let no
zitnendtnent take place until its necessity is
°h""°“5l.l’ Sllown by experience. Let the gov-
erpuient continue to be justly and wisely ad-
mllllsleledi and we may then expect the per»-
r-ality and piety continue to prevail,the elec-
tions by the pt‘-Ople will make it manifest.—-
Tlie natioiial legislatiii-e will be composed of
9'9“ l7"559-"5l"% Integrity as well as wisdom
such legislators will never betray the trust re-'
posed in them. As the same freeineii also
elect the members of the state governments,-
the same desirable result must follow as in-ti”;
internal concerns oftlie respective states.
It was integrity of heart and sound inoral-ii.
ty that guided our fathers in all their sagiiciiiirg
exertions to obtain for themselves arid their
descendants, those peculiar privileges we now
enjoy. Information is of much use, but will
only produce its legitimate fruits when united
with liberality, anti all trlin are engaged in kg
promotion, by their prcmrpts and Cxillllplc am
affording constant aid to grind govt-rnineni_
The numerous atteiiipts latelv made to a-
mend the constitution of the United States.
will naturally call the attention of the state
governments. A Slll’J_l'CCl so deeply interesting
to all, will not escape the jealous concern of
tiny. Much niigbt be apprehended from such
proceediiigs. were less it-liance placed oti the
iiatitibal anti st;-ite Legisliittires. Soliiiig as
the great body tifcnliglitenetl freeiiieu are in
the belief that they now enjoy all the liberty
antl security that huinau LI_t)V8HllllEfll can at}-
ford, we deem 2-tir country in no daiiger of
those evils that would be the iiattiral conse-
quence of an ardent desire of cliange.”
On the subject of uncalled-for legislation,
hercniarks as follows :-—
" While calling your nttentionto the imme-
diate business of legislation before us, I atn
not sensible that any material alterationsiu
tho. laws relating to any depriitnient gfihe
,lZ()V'€l‘lltnellt could be beneficiallv made at this
llllltf. Ii SCCIIIS DOW (0 be We'll undey-3[0Q(f‘
that alteration-S should be made only in those
cases pointed out by experience. When these
are provided for, let its stop.”
‘With regartl to lotteries, lie expresses him‘-
self in the following terms:
“ For more than twenty years past the let-
gislatuie ofthis state has iiniforinly l':ill‘lfl:hl.-‘
ed its disapprobatiou of raising ll‘l'it::‘.',‘ hr ltil..
teries for any purpose whatever. I..i.{t sirsslori
large sums were offered for the pl'lVllt‘,Q{3 of
selling tickets, and drawing lotteries in :3-tie
state ; but every proposition of the kind it-its
reyectetl, and it is believed, the great botl_i of
oitr CIUZFDS are in sentiment oppose-tl to rais-
ing money that way ; indeed, the priiictplcs of
morality in Vermont must suffer a sad (lCt..lll‘tP,-
before this species of gauililiiig will be sanc-
tioned by the goveruuieiit, or approved by the
people.” » ‘
___
PROCL.-X :‘dATlON
For Thanksgiving, by De ‘VITT Cr.i:~:'rots,
Governor oft/re Stale of./V'ew Yolr/5.
Wrii~:ni~:As public denioustrations of grati-
rude to Almighty God. for the niatiif-riltl dis-
pensations ofliis goodness, and for the enjoy-
ment of signal and untnerited blessiiigs, are
duties ofparamount and iiidispeiisable obli-
gation: And whereas it has been his divine
pleasure to continue his rnanifestatioiis or"
great gootliiess to the people oftliis State, in
multiplyini_r_ the fruits oftlic earth. promoting
the diffusion ofreligion, advancing the inter-
ests of knnwledgte. avertiiig the ravage ofdis-
case. prosperiuginteriial iiiiproveiiieiits, and
vouclisafing the en_iovini=.nt of liberty. peace
and plenty : Now therefore, uutler a qratefiil
sense of these high and lieiir=.f'it:ii.-tit dispeus i-
Iions, and with deep solicitiide in the perform-'
nuce ofa solemn ditty, I do hereby recotn‘-'
mend to the. good people oftiiis State. the oli-
servance ofThursday, the seventli day .ifDe-
cember next. as a day of Public Prayer and
'1'Iian/'csgivi'ng.
In witness whereof. I have licretnito set
f1.. 5.) name and the privy seal, at the city of
Albany. this twenty fifth day of Ocp).
ber, Anno Domini, 12-.16. '
De \Vi'rT Cr.m'ro-.\'.
Militai-_1} Esttzblishtrient of the U. Slat’es.—i-
It is stated in a note to one ofthe articles in
the last North American Review, that there
are now in the United States two national ar-
mnries and 11 arsenals. Arms aud'accoutrc-
merits are mtiiiiifacttired iitihc two arttioties
-——79,2:')9 of the former having been made in
rlie course ofthc last 3 years. There are no
public foundries for ordnaiict-,the supply being
obtained by contracts from private founilrit-.=,.
The iuilitarr force oftlic United States at this
time, is 6000 tnen The same article C0nllil!l3
an iiitt-restitig potice of the Military At,-atle=..
my at VVest Point. It is stat-:=.tl,that the whole
number of Cadets gradii-ited at ilie Acatleuiy,
since his first esttiblislitnniit in 1802. up to Ju-
l_v, 1895, is 4-28. Of the whole tiuinber °l8l.
are in the artiiy, foriiiiiig more than half the
iiifmbcr of its olficers. three are in the civil
service. nine have been killed in battle, and 33.
have died in serviize. Forty-five oftlie whole,-
number have been attaclietl to the corps of
ciigiiieers, 240 to the Artillery and Ordnance,
and ISL to other corps. The public lilii-tirys
at West Point contaiiis about 400i) volumes.
.-‘itliirinttigt-.9 of.‘?t1t'erlisizzg'.——lii Novenibei:
last. .*\"lr2 Caleb l{olfe lost a Vtllultllle(lltltl.‘IOn“l,.
(such as is used by 9.l=.iziers for Cllllln‘_’, glass,_l
anil {ltlVBrllSt’tl the smile in the Jaiirnol, offer-
iugu l'f’2\V.‘-lrtl to the one who slnialil return it.
Several lll-llllll_S bad elapsetl :ind he gave it
up as lost, but a short time since a man from
the country called on him to know if he had
lost :1 diarnond,aiid on _pl'l’.§(’.'lllll_Z--.l.l_l_e same to
liiiu,relate<l the Cll‘Cl|ll1?illl(‘-,9 ofliis finding it,&5.
the manner he discovered the iiauie of the
owner, several months after he lizid {niind it,.
by purchasing an article at a store in till:-' l0Wll!
done up in a par: of a Journal containing Mr.
Rolfe's adveriiseui:-tit. .‘~/’ll’£l) was discovered
by his children in periisi:ig_it,at'iei- it was taken
- D0513. 3,0985-of his rcct._iv.ery are e_,iitertain_et_l_.” 1'. om the article p.urcliased.-Providence Jail-5.’
petuatioii of our national prosperity. lfuio- -
Norwalk Chronicler