Chiefs, or for secret exaniinations.
OFFICIAL LETTER. __
HEAD-Qoxnwcns, E_As-ittzittii-I).er=."m'riir;tir'i‘r
Indian Springs, duly ‘£7-3: 1395'-
Sir-’: I have to acktiorvledge the honour;
your Excelleiicy«’s‘Lettei' of the l7th of this
in_ori,th_—by which‘, it appears that you had
‘l‘og.l’y it moment to “say one word,” in answer
to mitie of the 10th. _
. Ifour one word, comprehending. bé_\VeVer,
two pretty closely written pages, coming, as
it does, from the Chief Magistrate of an eti-
lightened and patriotic member ofthe United
States, demands my attentidn. Not being
disposed, however to follow your example as
to time, I have permitted your letter to_ lie on
in ' table for a week ‘past, in the expectation
that a little reflection would siiggest to you
the ’pi'opriety of coi'rec_tin_g some expressioirs
'z‘l|I}l¢:ll'_‘8llIl_)' hasty, and calctilated to ‘call forth
{iii ati's'we'r partaitingdf the. climate and heat-
cd atmosphere iii wliicli Ifind rnyselfi--a,gaitis't
.wliich it has been tiiy ‘corfstarit purpose care-
fully to guard. But your letter having made
itsappeai'auce in a tiewspaper just now han-
jrlctl to the by a friend, I'c‘.in no longer see the.
propriety of ‘ugitliholdirig a reply.
‘_ You say “the certificate. of Marshall, no
tiiatter how procured, is one ofthe most dar
‘ing efforts that ever was attempted by iiialig-
iiaiitjvillaizny, to palm a falsclioo-J on ignoratit
‘l..'l‘(f.'(It.‘lllt_y'.”
"No matter how procui°cd.”——I will first
state to you the tnanner in which that fright-
ful certificate was " procured,” and then pro-
ceed to show that its “daring” character cori-
sists only in its truth, and its direct tendency
to expose, ‘in part, the “ iiialignant villainy”
\VI1l_Cll_llZ1S been extensively practised on the
credulity of many of the good citizens of
Georgia and other states, in reference to the
Indiatis "and the treaty. The facts contained
in the certificate in question were voluntarily,
and, to rue unexpectedly cotiiniunicated, by
I'vIt'_. ‘Williaiii Edwards and Joseph Marshall,
whose signattires it bears. Ofthe character
of William Edwards, who is a citizen of this
state, I have had no means ofltnowiug much,
personally. He has been represented to me
by Col, Broadnax ofPike, and by Col. Phil-
lips of this county, as a man oftrtitli~—poor,
but honest and upright: a description ofcliar-
acter applicable to a large class of the iiiliab-
itants of this and other parts of our western
border;in wliotii I have iistially found as niucii
d‘evoti‘ori to tru'th as in any other class of A-
]llt3l‘lC‘dI‘l citizens. JosePb Marsliall is person-
ally better ,known to me-—-he is a Creek half
breed, and is deemed to be a good iiiterpre-
tor; and however defiicient, us I know he is,
in education and refined moral sentiments,
such as have obtained the saiictionof civiliz-
‘ed society, I have no doubt that he is one of
the most upright Chiefs that ever belonged
to the little Treaty making party. Neither
ofthese men, Edwards or Marshall, appeared
to me at all qualified for what you denounce
their certificate to be, A“ the most dating ef-
fort that ever was attempted by miilignant
villuiuy.” Tlieir statements were simple and
apparently uiiprejudiced and unitnpassioiied:
they were tirade after the principal business
or the council had been brought to a close, 8L
in the presence of tiiaiiy of the respectable
citizens of Pike county. Convinced of the
'iropriety of all my duties with the Indians
lielug perfortned in open day, and in the pres-
circle ot'as_tna'tiy as would attend,of all states,
and ‘ofall colors, I took care that the certifi-
cate sliould be taken and explained in the
presence of the council, and of all others who
liad seen fit to attend. I had no secret pro-
jects to proniote, “ nor airy secret griefs” to
remedy, tior secret hopes to gratify : and con-
sequently had no occasion for separating the
The cer-
tificate was written as it was dictated, asl
believe," word for word, by my aid-de-camp,
Lietit. E.George VVasliiugton Butler,a yotitig
ofticer of accomplished military education $1.
falents,witli unbending integrity, and spotless
honor ; and who is as incapable of giving
countenance to a trick or ‘misrepresetitatinn
as was the beloved Father ofliis country with
whose riaime he is honored.
Having tlifis explained to you the means
employed to obtain the certificate in question,
for which I hold myself responsible, l have
now to reuiark that, although I never enter-
tained a doubt but you were deceived into a
belieftliat Gen. t\l’Intosli had consulted the
few chiefs ofliis party, and had obtained their
assent in council, to the initnediate survey of
the ceded land ; yell have found no satisfac-
tory evidence of any such council consisting
of the chiefs of the ceded territory, having ev-
er acted atall upon the subject. And it is ap-
parent frotii M’Intosli’s letter,“no matter how
procured,” (I shall offer iro apology for tria-
king use ofyour excellency’sprcgnant phrase)
or by whom written, that he hiniselfconsider-
ed the permission to survey, as tiierely condi-
tional. Bull contend that neither Gen. M’-
Intosli nor his vassal chiefs had any right to
give such peitiiission—for the treaty, “ no
matter how procured,” had become a law of
the land-—-its provisions could not, therefore,
be changed, or rendered inoperative by any
subsequent agreetnt.-nt between your excelleii-
cy and any party or the whole of the itidivid-
uals of one ofthe contracting parties, without
the consent of the other. The treaty makes
it our duty to protect the Indians against the
whites and all others. ’I‘o protect them from
the whites, it is necessary’ and proper that we
should maintain the usual line of detriarcation
between them and the whites. I am charged
with their protection. To accotnplisli this iin-
po‘rta'rit duty, my first object has been to take
effectual measures to prevent all ititercotirse
between them and the wliites,except only such
as is sanctioned by the laws ofthe U.-States.
You say, “ I very well know that frotii the
late events which have transpired under the
eyes ofthe coniniissioners ofGeorgia,.tliat. the
oath of 3 Governor of Georgia may be per-
ruitted to pass for nothing, and that any vag-
abond of the Indian country may be put in
requisition to discredit hirii ;_but I assure yoti,
sir, if thatloatli should not weigh a single
feather with your government, it will weigh
with the people oftliis state, who, so far as I
have kiioivledge of their history, have never
yet. refused cretlerrc'e to" the word of their
cliieftnagistr'ate.” ' I " To this, apparently
very serious, but certainly very vague, charge,
I cannot undertake to reply, until you do me
the favour‘ to give me sortie specifications of
the matter of fact to‘ which you have reference.-
I will, however, take this occasion to re-
mark, that whatever sratetnetits you may have
received in support of the i'nsiuu’atitoir’appa-
reiitly coutaiiicd in your letter, that I have
called in question, or ever put any person in
requisition) to call in qtiestion, thejoath or the
wotfd ofa‘Govert1or of Georgia, during his
‘ contiuuaiiice in DIIICB, is wholly destitute of
truth-. _ I have, indeed, believed, and have ex-
pressed to you 'ri‘iy"belief,,tl_’.at you. have been
greatly deceived"by persoiis in_ whose honour
ytiu placed relia'ii'ce, liiit who Were U'll‘V°l‘lll)'
yotrr confidence. ~ _
But I am by no means disposed to yield
eveniiry tacit assent to the high.toned ‘rules
ofEuglish law which your reuiarks just now
qtloted call to niiitd, that the “ King can do
no wrong.” Truth is a divine attribute, and
the foundatioii of every virtue. “Truth is
the basis ofall excellence.” 'I‘liis inestitna-
ble moral treasure, truth, is to be fotiiid in the
co’l£ag'e-as well as in the palace," attlie plough
as well as at the official bureau ofstate. Many
oftfie iitiforttitiate wanderers of the wilder-
ness and its borders are as firm votarles ofthe
oftlreni, who have been unfortunate, and
whose regard to trtitli and honesty induced
them to give up the last dollar, justly due to
their creditors, had they regarded money a
little more and trtitli a little less, might have
failed full-ltanded, and now, instead of being
reduced to the coud_iti'o_n ofdespised poverty,
would wanton in the ltixuries of plundered
wealth. It is no longer possible in America
to make freeiiieii believe that F‘ the King,” or
he who governs, “ can do no wrong.”
The enlightened citizens ofthe Republic
having long since fotitid it to be fruitless to
look for angels, in the font) ofuien, to govern
them, know full well how to discriminate be-
tween the high Qfiicc, and the man who fills it.
Your Excellency will, I doubt not, always re-
ceive a degree of respect proportioned at
least to that which you are wotit to bestow on
other riien in office; riiore thantliis could not
be expected, less than this wotild not be just.
That a «treat part of the citizens ofGeorgia
are mag uimous, just, generous, and chiv-
alric, I well know; and that they are dispos-
ed to do justice to their Chief M agistratea I
aui equally convinced. Nor can I doubt that
they will do equal jtistice to the U. States as
well as to their state officers. I rely upon the
wisdorii, and justice, and patriotisin, of at
least nine-teiitlis of those with whom I have
the pleasure ofan acquaintance, many of
whom are cnltivators of the land, to which
class, in this and every state ofthe republic, I
look up with confident pleasure and pride, as
they form the adaniantine pillars ofthe UN-
ION; against which the empty vapouring pa-
per squibs ofthe little and the great denia-
gogties, ofall countries, may corititiue to be
hurled for hundreds of centuries without cu»
dangcring the noble edifice ; this beloved
inontinicnt of American wistlotii, and valottr,
and virtue, Wlll stand utisliztkeii, when the dis-
tutbers ofits infatitile repose will be remem-
bered only to be pitied or cxecrated.
The good people of Georgia, I am well a-
ware, are anxious to obtain possession of the
land upon their western border ;butthey would
abhor the idea of fraudulentor lawless means
being resorted to to treat for, or after treating,
to obtaiti possession ofit, before the time att-
Iliorised by the treaty. And Iain coiiviiicetl
that the President of the United States is as
sincerely desirous as atiy upright citizen of
Georgia can be, that the Indian claims to the
land witliinlier litnits should be speedily ex-
tingtiislied, and that the Itidians should re-
move therefrom, as soon as they cati justly be
required to move ; but he owes tlietn protection
and justice.
It is not to be denied that there is in Geor-
gia, as well as in all other states, a suiall class
oftneii, who, like the “Holy Alliance,” pro-
fess to employ tlietiiselves in the latidable
tvorlt ofenlightening and governing all other
classes of the commu'nity ; btit whose labors
consist of vain and “daring efforts” to prove
that the light oftrutli is to be found only with
the party to which they tlietiiselves respec-
tively belong, arid that all others go wrong.-
Ifyou will take the trouble to read the news-
paper essays with which the presses have been
teetiiing for some years past, you will find
that many ofthe essayists have had the hard-
iliood to “ refuse credence to the word oftlieir
Chief Magistrate”—aud yet we have no rea-
son to despair of the Republic.
You say, “I do not like the complexion of
things, at all, as disclosed by the C0lnllllSSl0n.-
ers on the part of the State; and I sincerely
hope (yoti add) that you may never have cause
to regret the part you have taken in them.”-—
Permit me, then, sir, to coticltide with a siti-
cere hope that the Coniiiiissioners with whose
report lam thus iiietiaced, may prove by their
condtict, that they belong not to the afore-
mentioned, one-sided, eirlightciiing class.-
Sliould their report be found to contain the
truth, the whole truth, and nothing btit the
truth, your Excellency may dismiss your ap-
prelieiisions on my accotiiit,as I have nothing
to apprehend. Bti_t if their report is not true,
I can only say that the tougtie and peti ofcal-
titiiiiy can never riiove me from the path of
duty, nor ever make me regret the cotirse
pursued by me in respect to the Indians, or
the Cottiniissioiiers, the -State, or the United
States.
In tendering to your Excellency my ac-
ktiowledgments for the “prepossessions” in
my favor, of which you speak, and which you
say would have given you “ pleasure to cher-
ish in behalf of an officer who had rendered
signal services to his country”——periirit tire to
observe, that the approbation of my country-
men is . more dear to me than any earthly
treasure they could bestow, save lliat of an
assured devotion to the Republic-—-it", indeed,
it‘ could be in my power to win that approba-
tion by a faithful discharge of my duty as a
public ti cer, and as an honest man, I have
long endeavoured thtis to win it; my best of-
forts are constantly exerted to ascertain the
direct and proper course of duty, prescri'bed
by law and jtistice, and honor, and to pursue
that course, without any regard to coiise-
quences. I
I have seen, oflate, with regret, that it is
scarcely possible for air officer of the General
Government to differ front you in opinion,
without incurring your uiicorteous aniiiiad-
version,or your acritnoiiious censure-neither
of which shall ever iridtrce me to forget what
is due to the venerated station which you fill,
and the relation in which you stand totlie
General Goveriitiieiit, in whose service I have
the honor to be placed. '
Wishing you health and respect, I liave' the
Llioiror to be,
EDMUNI) PisNn'Lr~:'r0N Gaines,
Major-Gerieral Comtirandirig.
To’ his Ex. George .M. -’1'rou‘p,
Governor, of Georgia.
truth as any irieti I have ever known. Some‘
HAVANA.-—,-Havana is to be ranked with
the principal cities of our hemisphere, as well
on account of its population, as its commerce.
The number of whites residing within "the
walls of the city is about 44,000; and the su-
burbs andrlepeudencies of the city, contain
about 40,000 tnore. It stands on a plairi,west
of one ofthe most beautiful of harbours, and
its walls, which iriclose but a square mile of
ground, are between 20 and 80 feet high.-—
Cannoii are tnountcd at suitable distances on
the walls, and in case of an attack from the
land, there is a wide ditch without, that cati
be filled with water frotii the canal which sup-
plies the city. ' .
Perhaps the entrance to few ports, if any,
in the world, is more strongly fortified, than
the port ofHavana. Although there is air ad-
tiiirable bay of deep water within, its mouth is
so narrow, that but one ship can enter at a
time. Proceeding into this bay, a ship first
passes a lofty castle, called the Moro, situated
at the extretiie point of land oti the left. A
light house rises from a cortier of this fortifi-
cation. From the Moro, for nearly half a
tiiile up the harbour, the elevated bank is
crowned with immense batteries, denominat-
ed the Cabmios, erected it is said, at an ex-
oetise of more than $0,000,000 dollars. On
the opposite side,is another strong fort, called
the Pimfa, connected with the walls of the
city ; and within the walls is a citadel. The
tiiost expensive fortifications arose from a be-
lief, very properly entertained by Spailhtllal
the dominion of Cuba was essential to the
preservation of Mexico, which possesses no
good harbour on its eastern shore.
Th_e city is divided into solid squares, and
its streets, though narrow, are straight, auditi-
"tersect each other at right angles. The houses
are quadrangultir, having a court in the mid-
dle. All the rooms have a direct conitiiuiii-
cation with eziclr other, and also open into
this court. Most ofthe houses have 9. stories.
The lower one is cotiiinonly used for a ware-
house, shops, &z.c.—Tlie rnatcrials for building
are all stiiall irregular fragments "of stone,
which are iitiited by a strong cement, and the
wall is then plaistered and wliitew-.tshed.—
The roofs are tiled.
Most ofthe inhabitants possess vast wealth,
and have costly habitatiotis. There are also,
rich and spacious tirotiasteries, convents atid
churches. The convents of Saint Domingo
and St. Francisco ti ere the only institutions
ofthe kind wliichl visited. Each of tlieui
occupies an entire sqiiarc, having an open
court in the middle, which is surrounded by
piazzas in the first and second stories. The
walls facing the cotirts, are covered with his-
torical paintings, represerititig transactions in
the lives of their patron saints. Both the
buildings and paintings are now going to de-
cay. The couveiit of St. Francisco had been
converted into barracks for soldiers, and had
stifferedivaiitori abuse. This is one ofthe 12
cnnvents that was suppressed during the reign
ofthe Constitulion.-—C1zrisZtan Register.
Ha_i/ti.--President Boyer has issued a spir-
ited proclaiiiatioii, announcing the acknowl-
edgment of the independence of the Republic
by France; and thanking citizens and sol-
diers for the steady and inflexible course they
have pursued in obtaining the boon, and ex-
borting them to show themselves worgliy of
the honorable place they now occupy among
the nations of the eartlt, by extending their
commerce and agriculture, and cultivating
the arts and sciences. ._
The late gale in the West Indies was very
destructive to the houses and salt works at
Turks Island, and has put an end to any fur-
therexpectations of salt this year. Half of
the quantity on hand was destroyed.
T/tompsonls Islam].-—A letter fr. the com-
tnanding officer at this station, dated July 1°},
says——“ We liavo thirty of the public men on
the sick report to-day, and the disease begins
to assuriie a riiore nialigtiant form. A tinni-
her 'ofthe citizens are sick, together with a-
bout 13 out of 37 tiieii brougtit here by the
coiitractoi' with the government to cirt roads. -
From Monlevidco.—Capt. Foster, at Bos-
ton left Monte Video June 12. Affairs re-
mained nearlytlie same as at loriner dates.-
A reinforcement oftroops arrived on tliatday
and a Portuguese frigate was going in. Mal
doiiado was ‘in possession of the Natives.—
They had a Custom House established about
15 miles frotii M.V. and pertnirtetl provisions
and, cattle to enter the city on paying a cer-
tain sutii. Several large droves of cattle were
taken off, by them a few days before. Mr.
Horn, an American, who had been imprison-
ed, was released.—-Boston Palltzd.
NORFOLK, Aug. 15.
French Fleet.-—Tlie French squadron uti-
der Admirals Jurien and Grivel, which were
at Port au Prince during the iiegociation of
the treaty between the French and Haytieir
governments, and subsequently toucl-red at
Havana, arrived in Hampton Roads on Fri-
day last, in .18 days frotn the latter place—thc
squadron consists oftwo ships of the line,two
of 60 guns, four of 44, a corvette and 9. brigs,
in all eleven sail, and is the largest man of
war fleet that has been within our waters for_
nearly 30 years, except that under Admiral
Coclirane dtiring the late war. ~lVe had the
pleasure ofa full view oftlietii frotii Willough-
by ’s Point, as they stretched across the Bay
from the Cape to old Point Cotnfort, utider
easy sail, with a fresh easterly breeze,in at
|iue,with intervals of about two miles between
them, and a more grand and imposing exhi-
bition, or one better calculated to inspire ad-
uiiration, cannot be well conceived. On
cotningvto anchor, the senior Adtiiiral’s ship,
the Eylau, fired a salute, which was answered
by a corresponding number of guns frorii
Fort Monroe.
VVe understand the squadron will remain
in our waters until the hurricane season in the
West Indies is over.
The novelty ofthe exhibition of so large a
naval force, had its full effect on the curiosity
ofotir citizens, and a large party went down
in the steatn boat Virginia on~Saturday inor-
ning, to enjoy it. After runtiing down the
litre ofthe squadron, the Virginia bore up a-
gain to the lieadtnost ship, the Eylau, and on
coming abreast oflier, lay to for a few min-
utes, to afford the passengers an opportunity
ofa leisurely vieiv ofthat superb ship; when
iiiitnediately the boats- of the Eylau were setit
off, with a polite invitation from Admiral Jit-
rien to the ladies and geritlemeti on board the
Virginia, to visit his ship. _ ~‘ ,
l The invitation was joyfully accepted, and
in a little time the whole party were conveyed
on board the Eylau, where they [were receiv-
ed and efllel’l€lll'léd_WIl.ll that distinguished po.
liteness, attention and liospitality, S0 charac-
teristicof the--French nation. After being
shewn through every part ofthe sliip,tlie party
were condticted to the Adti_iiral’s quarters,
where‘ refreshments were served routid, and
the company were made perfectly ‘ at IIOIUGJ,
by the polite and assiduous attention of the‘
officers, and took their leave with feelings of
the wartiiest regard for their entertainers.
FROM EUROPE.—Liverpool papers to
the 6th July were received. at N. York on the
l7tli inst. The cotton niarket was flat, and
there was great consternation among holders.
Mr. King had left Liverpool for London,
tiiticli itiiproved in health.
Gen. Devcretix has been released. Imme-
diately after his arrest, he wrote a letter, ftill
offirtiiness, to the Etiiperor of Austria, in
which he said that he could not suppose that
an act oftyranny so odious and so infamous
as that which had just been exercised upon
him, could have been dotie by his Majesty’s
consent—-tliat he was travelling with an A-
merican passport, and was charged with the
interests of a cotiipaiiy foruied for working
the gold mines of Colombia ; and that ifliis
detention wasprolonged, the Atistriau Gov-
ernment would beconie responsible for all the
datnage which might result from it. This
letter was seti_t to Milan, where the Emperor
then was. By the greatest chance in the
world, an Italian, who had been placed about
him to serve as an interpreter, was recoguiz~
ed by him as having long served under his or-
ders in the Colombian artiiy. Fifteen days
was received from Milan: itsimply contain’d
the order for his lilieratioii, with art injunction
to quit Italy and Venice in 24 hours. The
OIIICCI‘ who intitiiated this order to him, eu-
deavoured to make hiiii‘ seine exctiscs, telling
him that his arrest had only been a mistake,
wliicli otiglit not to ins‘p‘ire him with resent-
rirent against the Austrian Government, nor
liiirder his again coming into Italy. ‘ Ifever,’
answered the General, ‘ I come again into
Italy whilst the Austrian dominion shall be
established in it,it will only be sword in hand.’
Gen. Devereux arrived in Paris, and set out
from it for London.
The House of Commons adjourned on the
lsl July till Tuesday, the 5th. A petition,
presented by Col. Lusliington, oti the subject
ofthe Deccan Prize Money, called forth the
Chancellor ofthe Exchequer, who gave air
explanation of the course which, the Dtike of
Wellington and Mr. Arbuthnot had pursued
with respect to the claimants. He shewed,
that the delay spoken ofrested not with them,
and that the Noble Duke and right Honora
ble Gentleman had only undertaken the task
now iiriposed upon them, frotii an anxious
wish to benefit those who have been, most er-
roneously, supposed to have reason to coin-
plain oftheir proceedings. The claims ofthe
ofTicers,if all allowed, amount to £2,000,000!
In aiiswer to a question by Mr. Brougham,
with respect to the occupation ofSpain by
Freircli troops, Mr. Canning expressed his
perfect conviction that the French Govern-
tiient was sincerely anxious to withdraw, with
as little loss of time as possible, that portion
oftlieir army which at present remains in the
Peninsula.
Mr. Baring inquired why the Minister from
Buenos Ayres had not as yet been presented
to his Majesty, and alluded to an idea that
this arose from the interference of Foreign
Powers, to mitigate the character ofour re-
cognition. ‘ Mr. Peel distinctly negalived the
supposition, that our recognition had been, or
would be, at all qualified by any foreign iii-
fluence.
The Austrian army, in Naples, is to be re-
duced to 12000 meti. A
The Neapolitans, it is said, are making ef-
forts to relieve themselves ofthe annual tri-
bute of 33,000 piastres which they have here-
toforc paid to the Algerines. A squadron of
7 or 8 armed vessels has lately sailed from Na
ples for the Barbary Coast.
There is more unfavorable news fr. Greece,
btit little reliance is to be placed upon it.-
Tlie taking of Navarino is confirmed. It is
said Redscliid Paclia has received reinforce-
tiiciits and again assumed the offensive atti-
tude. He liad made two attacks upon Mrs-
soloiiglii, in both ofwliicli, however, it is said
he was repulsed. The siege of Patras has
been raised,'and the communications between
that place and Lepanto are now free. The
Greeks left only a small force for observation
in the neighborhood of Patras. “ The Otto-
tiiati and Egyptian forces increase daily l’’—
and “the desertioti and retreat of several
Greek chiefs, cotnnianditig advanced posts is
announced.” This is Turkish news.
The latest courier from Madrid to Paris
brought despatches announcing that General
Caro had been suspended, and ordered to re-
pair to Cadiz. A letter by the same convey-
ance,states that the Spanish governnientis
actively engaged in fitting out an expedit_ion
of 3000 men, at Cadiz for Havana.
The British Steam Navigatioii Company
lately iticorporated, have issued their Pros-
pectus, from which we learn that it is their
intention to “ establish lines ofsteani vessels
to communicate frorri the United Kingdom to
North Arnerica,the West Indies, and the new
States ofSoutli Ariierica.”
\Vitli ttiese views it is proposed that Steam
Vessels shotild proceed fr. the Thariies,totich-
ing at intermediate Ports, to the most prom-
inent poirit of the British Isles upon the At-
lantic, viz.-the port of Valentia, in the south
edged natural advantages, free from all Port
charges. From thence, one Steam Vessel of
a large class, with machinery and fuel ade-
quate to cross the Ocean, will proceed once a
fortnight to Halifax in Nova Scotia, and to
New York ; and a second, of similarporver,
will proceed, every month, ‘by Madeira and
the Leeward Islands, to Jamaica, returning
by Bermuda and Fa-yal. _
The Company intendto form Communi-
cations between Jatnaica,Vera Cruz,l:Iavana,
and the Ports of South America, ' as soonlas
Steatn Vessels for these purposes can be pro-
cured. ; ‘
From Halifax to Quebec, through the Gut
of_C_a'_riso, a branch is already in progress, in
coiitemplatioti of the present plan, which will
afford a line of Steam Navigation frotn Eng-
land to Quebec, and the ititerior of North.A-
Linerica. Separate lines ofSteam Navigation,
‘to coirimun-icate witli the main lines, are iii-
l
after the arrest of Gen. Deveretix, the answer -
west of Ireland, a harbor possessing .icknowl- ._ . _ _ _ . _
Advertiser in Cadiz writes that the high du-
ties, together with the distressing Customo I
course of formation, viz.-—l'r. Glasgow, Liv-
erpool, aud Bristol, to Valentia,ar_id also from
the western portsof. .Limeri‘c_k-'-and Galway,
the provision traderof wliicli latter places will -
fall itito tliis.line. - ,~ , _ , ’ r
The passages will not only be nearly bro’:
to .a cer'tainty,,in point oftitne, but their av- .
erage length. compared in sailing, will be a-, 4 '
bridged fully onethird. The superiorityo
size, power, and equipment in the vessels,will
necessarily cotnuiand the support of every.
person desiring to combine safety, comfort,
and expedition, in so lotig a navigation. Thus
by the aid of science, a facility ofintercourse
between the Old and New Worlds will be
established enhancing in each the value of ..
property.
BrdishNatr'onrtl Debt.-3-It is calculated tlfat .
three liuudred uieii could not carry the tveighr‘.
ofthe national debt in ten pound bank notes,
51% of which would weigli one pound. Stip-
posing the debt to be only 726 millions of
pounds sterling, it would weigh 14-€'.,660 “I54.
which, for 800 men, would be 476 lbs. each.
Priestcrafl and Blospfreni_i,i.-—During»the
severe drought in Spain last summer prayers
were" put tip in the clitirclies for rain, and a-
mongst the rest in a church in a town in An-
di-ilusia,wliere the tinforttinate Riegoproclairm
ed the Constitutioii. But it was in vain that
St. Nicholas, their patron Saint, was worried
with prayers. Not a drop of rain fell. How-
ever. oii a Sunday, as t-he faitliftil were offer-
ing up their devotions, a letter was discovered
in the hand ofthe Saint, which, being taken
by the Ctire with the greatest reverence, was
opened and read to the edilied cougregat’ion..
It was couched in the following blaspltemous
language :-
“ .-‘lbodes of lhe Blessed, Jlfay 1, 1824.
“ My beloved Nicholas,——I have heard your .
continual prayers to tire to send down rain
upon your country ;.you have no doubt for-
gotteti the crimes with which your rebel vil-
lage is stained, and wliich are the cause of
the drought which now afiiicts unfortunate
Spaiti. It is in vain that you ask for water-—
at present it is impossible for me tooblige you.
“ Your ever affectionate,
“ Tm: E'ri:niu.»r. FA't‘Hi-:iz~.”
This tniracle was of public notoriety, and
made a cousitlerable noise, not only in Alida-
lusia, but all over Spain.
This is one ofthe tnost infamous plans ev- “
er devised to bind closer the chains ofdespot- '
ism and priestcraft upon the necks of those‘
who suffer tlietitselves to cotne within their
grasp. “ Who but must feel for the wretched
. condition ofa peopletlius goaded by time-
lenting tyranny, and cheated and continually
deceived by the abominations of a corrupt,
priesthood ? And who will not breathe aspi-
rations to that Almighty Being who is thus"
iriipionsly insulted, that he will hasten the
time of their deliverance, and send among
them the pure light ofreligioii and liberty ?”
Great Projects in Egypt.-—It is stated in a.
late French paper,under the lieatl of Alexan.
dria, (Egypt,) May lst, that tliegreattleriiaiid
for Indigo frotn foreign counti'ies,lias induced
the Viceroy to order the cultivation of this-
plant in several of the Provinces to the east-
ward of Cairo. The Viceroy has also order-
ed the construction ofa newCatial which will
cross Cairo and extend tnore than 30 miles-‘
into the Serkaui. To execute this great work,
30 millions of talari, (19.0 millions of francs,)
and 4 years labour will be necessary. 3,000
houses‘ in this city will be demolished. . The
owners of these houses will receive indemnity
in lands, with the obligation to plant them.-
witli indigo.
bor day and night in digging the Canal which
will cotivey a great quantity ofwater into the-. _ I
provinces beyond Fr-ajutn.—-Marc. fldv.
The following is copied from a statistical-
article in the London Quarterly Review.
“During the last four or five years this’
country (England) has been wholly snbsisted
on corn of home growth; and for the last 70
years, though some crops have been very de-‘
ficieut, the whole supply from foreign aid has‘
been very insignificant. From 1754 to the
close of 18924, the whole ofthe foreign wlieatf
imported, after deducting what has been ex-
potted, has amounted to 15,195,004 quarters,
or 217,071 quarters and a fraction per year.-
As the average of the population of G‘. Br'it-- ,
ain during the period in question was upwards
of 11J,000,000.li-aving gradually risen fr. eight:
to fifteen millions, the whole quantity ftiru-'
islied from extrinsic sources, allowing one."
quarter a year to each individual,~ would not
be more than thirteen days supply in each yr.
If the importations ofthe 5 years, I800, T801,
1810, 1811, and 1818, which followed liar-
vests of most extraordinary deficiency, be left
More than 50,000 men will l:i-‘ ,
out of the calculation, it will appear that_ on. V
the average of the other 65 years‘w'e have not »
received more than between eight and nine
days supply in each year.
In 1801, the number of iuliabited houses in
England and \Vales was 1,580,923‘; in 1821,,
tliey- were 9,088,156.
The food now tisetl by the laboring ranlrs
in this country is ofa more experisiv'e descrip-.
tioii than could be afforded by therii in past-
periods. A! the conimencement ofthe reign
of the late King, barley, rye, or oaten bread,
was the universal food oft-be working popula-y -
tioii: they now almost every where eat wheat-
eii bread. The use ofbtitclier’s meat, bacon,
salt pork, butter and cheese, has descended
lower in the ranks of‘ society than formerly ;.
and tea and sugar have been generally diffus-
ed among them." The dwellings_ and cloth-
ing of the poor have been no less improved-‘
than their food.
Cadzz.—A correspo-ii-dent of the N. Y. Daily
House systein have entirely ruined the trade
oftliat city. The population-fortiferly 65,000-
is at present‘ reduced to 40,000‘—-‘-"marry tuer--
cantile establishriients ar'e’abuut" leaving the
place, and'on‘e thir'd'oftb‘e dw‘elli'nig‘s are emp-
t . ' .._ -
Education in Europe.——A French Journal
has furnished a table presenting a compari-
son of the number of» cliildreii: in the several-'
countries of Europe,‘ who are educated at pub-
lic schools, with the’ whole population. Ac-'
cording to th'is'tabl'e', the p'upils'fof’ the public
schools in the-circle of Gratz’, is 1‘ in 9 of the
whole populati'on—-in Bohemia, I in ll-inn.
Moravia and Silesia, 1 in 191--in Austria. 1'
in 13—in Prussia, V1 in I8-ein Scotland, 1 in
10-in Errglaiid, 1'. in 16-'-—in Ireland, one ‘it!
l8—in France, lin 30-—.iti Poland, 1- in 78-4‘.
in Portugal, I in 30-‘-and iti Russia 1: in 954-...
Norwalk Chronicler