‘ “T S7‘./ITE l_;EGISLrHTURE. __ The Legislature ofthis State convened at Hartford on Wednesday last. The day was i‘ine,the military appeared togreat advantage, and the concourse of people assembled on the .,occasion was very numerous.. At 9 o'clock. t e house was called to order, and proceeded to the choice of officers. SAMUEL A FOOT, Esq. was elected Speaker, and,.Marlin Wells and Erastus T. Smith, Esqs. were elected Clerks. Andrew T. Judson was chosen cl’lt, but dcclliied the appointment. The Seitate was organized at about the same time, and tirade choice of Saiiiuel H. Htmtiiigton, Esq. as Clerk. , Messrs. Judson and Totii|in- son were appointed a committee to inform the Senate that the l‘i'..iltSe was ready to pro- ceed to business. Messrs. Crawford, Isaacs, and lVilley, were appointed a committee on Elections. On taking the Chair .Mr. Foot addressed the House as follows: GEN'1‘1.EMEi'.\'--Please to accept my grate- ful acknoivledgenients for this expression of your confidence. In entering upon the duties ofthe ofiitze to which your favor invites tne, pepmit me to rely on your candour aiitl kind assistance; and accept the assurance ofiiiy iinreniittcd endeavors to discharge the duties assigned me, with fidelity and iiiipai‘til.ility,— The preservation oforder and decorutn in our deliberations, which is indispensable to the despatcli ofpublic business,inust depend more oti the good sense of iiiembers, than upon the exertions of tire presiding officer. By the a- doption ofa constitution of civil government, prescribing otir duties and defining our pow- ers, and by a late revision of our statute book we are relieved from many perplexing ques- tions, which formerly agitated this assembly; and by ajudicious arrangeruetit,aud a steady, industrious application to the business which may come before us,we may anticipate a short and, Itrust, a pleasant and useful session. Tliursda_i/,May 5.-—This forenoon the, Gov- ernor’s annual Message was received 8:. read, and 500 copies ordered to be printed. Coni- mittees were then anuotincetl. The Rev. N. S. Wlieatou was appoiiitcd Chaplain of the Senate-—-and the Rev. Joel Ilawes chosen Chaplain of the House. Mr. Sterling intro- ‘duced a resolution which passed, for the ap- -pointment ofa comrtiitfbe to take iirto consid- .eration the judicial system of the state, and report by bill or otherwise. The object ofthe ' resolution as stateti by the tiiover, is to sepa- 'rate the Supreme Courtof Errors from the Sriperior cotirt--to abolish the County courts ‘-—aiid to enlarge thejurisdiction of Justices. This afternoon the Governor traiisinitied a ‘ special message to the Htitise, covering a coin- tnonication frottt the War Depaitnieiit of the United States, informing tlietn that an Engi- neer froni the U. S. Engineer corps had been directed to strrvey a Ctiiialroule from Lake ’ f\Ieiiipiii‘emagog, through Barnet in the state ofVeriiiont, thence through the valley ofthe _ Connecticut, along the Connecticut river, to tide waters ofLong Islanti sound, and reques- ting this state to send an agent to tneet the Engineer at Barnet on the l0tli instant ; this route would afford a water coinntuiiicatiori with Canada. , After the message was read,,Mr. T. S. Wil- lianis introduced a resolution for the itiitiic- diate appointment of an agent to go to Barit- ei. This resolution was objected to by Mr. lngersoll, on the ground that it was a new ' and itiiportantstibject, and sufficient titiie had not been afforded for iiiformation and reflec- tion ; he therefore moved to refer the wiiole subject to a committee, which prevailed, and the following geiitletiien were appointed a - committee on‘ the part of the House, namely, Messrs. -T. S. Williams, In‘gei'soll, Piikiu, Sterling, and J. S. Peters. Should acaual be tirade on this route, all above Northanipton would ofcotirse, he a coirtinuatioii ofthe Far- tnington and New-Haven canal ; the section below Northauipton, would of course benefit the river towns in this state more than they would. be benefited by clearing otit the river, as was originally proposed ; as they would _ compete with the Farinington canal in the trade of the upper country. Brit boats and produce destined for the New-York tirarket, would take-the Farinington and New-Haiven _ route as the sliortest.-—,Regi'ster. " From the ‘Hartford '1 't'.me3, Extra.‘ '—1’Hl*J~li/IESSAGIE. ' Gentlemen qflhe Senate and . Gentlemen of the House o_fRcpresentalz'ves. I coiigratulate you on the auspicious pros pects of otir State and Nation. Dtiring the past year, great and lasting evetits have oc- - ctirred :—Tlie free principles, which at an early period were established in this region, are extending tliroughout the western hemis- phere :——Tlie unjust dotuinion claimed by the eastern Continent, has been sigiially repress- -ed :-At peace with Foreign Nations, and in _a state of autity with our-neighbors, we have nothing to desire, beyond the quiet eujoyinent ofour rights, with permission to extend our agriculture, commerce, arts, and ttiaiiufac- tui-es -oit-tcrnis ofvequality, uurestraiiied by external‘aiiiioyauce. We are bound to acknowled-_'e with grati- tude that we hate hitherto remained a highly favor-ed_ people, and to‘ reglllnle our conduct by a firm conviction, that all our blessings have proceeded from the bounty of a kind Creator, who has established iuitnutable coir- nexions between the perforiiiaiice of duties and ‘the enjoyments of prosperity. . -Under theexact and provident system which has been established, the institutions of this State are procuring their ctisttiiiiary resiilts,&. I havebiit little, oftiierely local concerns, to add to foruier suggestions. .Our most impor- tant interests are at present connected with _ the proceetliiigs ofthe National Government, and those of the neighboring States. I iinpli- ,ciily confide in your wisdom to supply, solar as your powers extetid,_ M liatever is deficit-:i_it, land to afford your aid towards establishing isz. unaturiiig every part of that great system of Legislation, upon the'iiai'tiiouy ofwliicli, the interests of this State, and of the U. States depend, and with wliicli, the freed-our anti im- proveiiicnt of the great family of iritmkiiid are insepaiably connected. The present" is the most interesting age which has occurred since . the promulgation ofChi~istianity :'—great dis- . coverieshave recently been made ili’OUl'_0Wll and in other countries :—a high trust is corti- ’ mitted to our |iands,8z.the eyes ofbotli friends and eneniies thro’out the world, are now crit- , ically surveying the conduct oftliis Nation. . l The organization ofthe author-ities.of this statg,'\iliicli«depeiid on annual appointinents, In connexion with this subject, the appoint- metll ofa Senator ofthe United States,in the place of the __Hon.Jatnes Laiitiian,whose term ofservice has expired, is necessary. ,‘-On the 6th ofFeb. last, I.rec’d itiforination that the Presidentof the U.States had desired the Senate to convene on the 4th of March:— Thenotlce was comuitinicated fr. the Sec’ry. of State, tliro’ Mr. Lantnan :'-—On the 8th of Feb. I designated that gentleman, to take his seat in the Senate, on belialfoftliis state. His commission, properly authenticated, was ex- pressly limited to take effect after the 3rd of March, and to continue until the meeting of the present General Assembly. As the pro- ceedings in this case,were in strict-accordance with precedents, sanctioned by the practice of both the great parties which have formerly di- vided, the public‘ opitiion of this country, it could not have been foreseen by me. that the validity of Mr. Laiiman’s commission would be disputed. Tire right and duty ofthe states,to preserve their full representation in the National Seri- ate, is,I think, onqrrestionable, and if during the recess oftlreir Legislature, vacancies liap- pen, from arty causes, it becomes the dirty of the executives ofthe states, iti wliicli such va- cancies occiir, and especially if they know that the Senate is required to convene during such intervals,t0 supply the vacancies by tem- porary appoiiitniezits. The power of the Senate, tojitdge of the elections, returns, and qualifica.ious of the uieuibers oftliat body, is also unquestionable. and as incidental to this power, the right to establish rules and forms ofnroceerling,ouglri perhaps to be conceded. As general powers ought never in free governments, to be exer- cised in an arbitrary iuanner, established pre- cedents iiranalogoiis cases,are entitled to pe- culiar respect, and especially ulien they serve to continue anti siistaiti important delegated atitliorities. At;cordingly in the absence of any prescribed ruli.-s,tlie usages ofthe Senate, have. as I believe. been regai-ded by the State Execii.ives, as safe precedents. We have stif- fered sortie evils from the alleged imperfec- tion of lciigtiage, and have before lreartl, of the impnrtatice of adhering to strict interpre- tations of the Constitution, which have been liereiofore urged for the purpose oftliiiiiiiish- iug the powerslof the -.N'aiional Goveruiiieiit, lrtit in the case iiirder coirsitleraiion, the deci- sion ofa majority ofthe Seuaie,tends to limit the exercise ofa State authority, which under certain circumstances, tiiay be highly import- ant to its sovereignty. Nothing, in my opinion, is utore certain, titan that the rights and iiidepeudeiice of the States entirely depend upon their ability to uraintaintmnquil and impartial elections and appointments, in the Legislative anti Execu- tive Departineiits ofthe national govetnntent. Air administration has just retired, during which, patriotic, important, and splendid ser- vices were [l8l'fOl;til6(io Another has succeed- ed, the first formations of which have been at- tended with great equanimity. All good iiieir hope that subsequent events will evince that the tide of our prosperity is not full ;——-they will admit, that tiuie,wiili deliberate and cairn investigation, must precede the fullilineiit of our desire, and that cautlour, united with pa- tience, are indispensable to the correct decis- ions of public opinion. Dttring the inter- vals allowed for forming this opirrioti,tlirougli- out this vast coiititry, where urany niirrds and various interests are to be consulted, and if possible, reconciled, it will be wise for the State govertimeiits and the people to recollect that the nuurbers, strength, &. self coiifidence of this Nation and its component ineuibers,ai'e rapidly increasing; that distingirislied men are inuhiplyitig, who eatitiot fail to deserve 82. attract the confidence ofthe states in which they reside, and that the probability is conse- quently increasing, that important elections will, under our present organization, he fre- quently decided in the House ofRepresenta- tivcs, accompanied with iiicrcasiiig, and per- haps dangerous, cpllisions of opittion. Soon after tlieteriniiii'tion ofthe last Geri- eral Assembly, I rec’d a letter from the Gov- ernor of Massacliusetts, acconipanied with it resolution ofthe Senate and ii. of R. oflltal Conrnionwealtli, expressing their sincere de- sire to determine, on just and equitable prin- ciples, the boundary line between the £’.st:itcs. so‘ far as the same retriains in dispute. Not being authorised to take airy niezisiircs to ac- cellerate this desirable event,I now sribinit the stihjcct to your consideration and tlecision. The states of Indiana and New-Jersey have approved the proposals ofthe state of Ohio, _ relative to the National system for the eman- cipation and foreign colonization of Slaves, and have disapproved the aineritltneiit to the Constit - ioir ofthe U.S. proposed by thestate of Georgia, out the subject of the ingress of people ofcoloiir into the several states contra- ry to the laws thereof. Tire state of Missis- sippi has disapproved the proposal of Ohio, uud approved that ofGeoi-gia. The state of Georgia has also disapproved the proposal of tire state of Ohio. During the last session ofCongress, resolu- tions were stibniitted to the Senate of the U. States, proposing that the public lands ofthe Uiiion,except in the territory ofFlorida,shou|d he appropriated atid pledged, as a perinaiieut ftiiid for education and public iiriprovernetit ; that the proceeds of the sales of such lands, alter deftziying the incidental txpeuses, be anirtially invested, by the Secretary of the Treasury, in the stock of the Bank ofthe U. States, or in the Stock ofthe Governttieut, or other stock, as Congress may direct, together with the interest anuu.illy accruing thereon ; and that dtiriiig the year following the return ofthe next carisus, and immediately after the appointirierit ofRe_preseitiatives, and during every tenth year tlieieafter, the proceeds of the interest arising on said capital stock, be disiribiited among the several states according to the ratio of representation, otie half of which sum, to constitute a fund for education, and the other half, to constitute ti fund for iii- ternal iitiprovetnetit, to be applied to those ob- jecIs,~under the authority of the respective states. These propositions were referred to a committee, who made a partial report, eurbra-cing a-circular letter frotn their chair- ttian to the governors of the states, requesting itnportant statistical information, ielatitig to the topics referred to their coiisideration, which has been primed for circulation by or- der oftlre Senate. ~ As nothing can be more interesting to this State, or ttrthe Nation, than correct views-on _tli'ese subjects, I shall up happy in being iti- :formed= of the sentiments of this G‘eIle't'tll"A3- ,senibly respecting .them. I have personally, and the triennial designatioiiof Site-..il1's of Counties, demand your primary attention. 1 -no doubt, that if a just proportion of the pub- 1 'ocation and internal improvements, according to some wise system, to be devised in concprt with the states, it will be difficult to estimate too highly the" moral and intellectual eleva- tion which the_United "States may in conse- qoence, attain. But iftlieir views should tin- htippily become discordant, the very grandeur of these objects may render them sources of internriiiable rivalry, and dissentiou. Under tiiese circutnstances, if must’ be use- ful to review'the means by which our public iinproveirietits have been pitosecrrted. Before, and during the revolutionary war, the roads in this state, except during the win- ter, were ‘impassable by. carriages _of every kind. But it was owing to their imperfect formation, especially in the mountainous re- gions, and to the military preparations of a comparatively dense population, animated with patriotic ardor, that tliexeiieniy never at- ienipted to hold possession of any of our towns, and ntsver reposed a» single (lay, where they were not protected by the cannon oftiieir ships. Peace lorind us, after a long and se- vere coiitest, with but little property, except ienceless farms, decayed buildings, impaired stocks of both utensils and animals, and with- out money or credit. The people immedi- ately t-oinmenced a vigorous system of re- pairs and iuiproveitieiits, and notwithstanding tlieirpoverty and distresses, they wisely re- sisted the ieinptatioiis to issue an unfunded paper Currency, of wliicli tiiaiiy examples were preseiite_d to their view. ' At this period, the movements ofthe peo- ple were directed by aiicieiit larvs, which still, coiititrtie in force witliout essential alterations. By these laws, it is made the duty ofthe iii- ltabitants ofthe several towns, as corporate bodies, to create, repair, and sustain, by labor "-ind taxation, tit-cessary private Roads and public liighways, and bridges.williintheirscv- emf juiisdiclioiis. The select-ttieti of the towns are autlrorizt-.d to stiperinieiid the exe- ciition of these duties, which are enforced by adequate sanctions, with penalties for all dani- ages resulting from non-perforinaiice. Here it is proper to reinark, that the right to take private property for public uses, has ever been recognized in this state, brit accom- partied with provisions, that in all cases, ajust coiiipciisatioii shall be made, for the property so tziken. These rights are expressly secured to the people oftliis state, by our Constitu- tion, and totlie citizens of all the states, by the National Coiistitution, and they clearly exclude the power of arbitrary and partial taxation or asscsstnents upon adjoining prop- erty, under an idea of supposed benefits re- sulting from public improvements. . Provision being thus inade,for creating and supporting public higliways and bridges, and private roads, within the several towns, it be- came necessary to establish an impartialconi- ttioit arbiter or tribunal, to tleterniiiie contro- versies between towns and i~ndt'ti~iduals, and to maintain roads is: bridges between coiitiguous (owns, where, as independent corporatioiis,iio comuioujurisdiciiou existed. - Suitable powers -were accordiiigly vested in the County Courts, to deterutine the courses ofroads, and the location of bridges between (ldj0’fil‘fli,Q‘ towiis,and to settle the private rig/its Qfindividiials. . By the peace which siicceedcd the revolu- tiouary war,thc intercourse between adjoining Counties 81. neighboring states was greatly in- creased 2 einigraiioiis multiplied, and tiiore convenient and direct facilities of internal cominunicatiou were demanded. Carriages for the conveyance oftravellers, were first es- tablished in this state. The iniproveuieiit of roads was it natural consequence; and to de- fray the consequent expenses, tolls were per- mitted to be collected. Tire great advantages which resulted from these iuiproveineiits, led to the fortuatioit of responsible coinpatiies,tiie powers, duties and rights of which, were pre- scribed by acts ofiuc«ii°por:rtion. Tire first Turnpike Company in the United States,w:is created under the aiitliority of this state, by firiids derived froiti a lottery. The funds of other coiirpanies, were advanced in money or equivalent labor by individuals,wlio thus became voluntary stocklioltlers,and were secured and expected to be ultimately reini- bursed,from the income oftolls collected frotii travellers. To stiperiutend these operations, Couititissioners were appointed,wlio were an- thorised to direct, when, and wltere, improve- merits were to be made, and to settle the ac- counts of the coinpanies, and to direct where Turiipike gates should be opened and the col- lection oftolls suspendt-;d,:is peiiallies for cul- pable neglect by the companies. Ifiti many instances, the income ofTurn- pikeCoinpaiiies has been so tiiotlerate,tliat the ntarket value of their stock has depreciated, yet in this state, brit few companies have been discontiiitted. Air indirect ctnolutiient has ac- crued to niziny of the stockholders, who. fre- quentiy, if not couinioiily are proprietors of lands adjoining the improved roads. in cases where actual losses have. been sustaiiieil, they liaveusually arisen from iiijtidicious locations or defective arrangeuietits_.or have been occa- sioned by aii indiscreet ardor,wliicli induced a , intiltiplication of coinpauies,greater than poli- lic utility demanded. The rights of compa- nies and of the coiiimtinity, have however, been constantly secured by precise regulations and the property of the stockholders must hereafter iircrease, with the progressive pros- perity and improvement ofthe State. It thus appears,tliat Stage carriages, iiiip_ro- ved roads and Turnpike ct-tiipaiiies, are enra- nations fr. the industry ofCouirecticut, where the accoininodatiorts for travelliiig by land, are now superior to those in airy European Nation, except the British doiniuions, and e- qual as I believe-.,to those in general rise in that Nation, with the exceptioti of some recent inventions. - ' This stiniioary recital ofthe tneans by which former imprcvetneiits have been prosecuted, nattirally conducts the tiiind to the present-iui- portaiit1era,rvlieii the ptiblicattetitioii is lnticli excited to devise nieasiires for introducing tilt‘ iiiiprovetiients oftiie present age, and of coin- bitritig the whole in one great ./Juiericaii sys- tem. ‘We may be'cet‘taiii that these inipr.ove- ments have already been so far establislied in this and other countries that their further pro- gress inus't change the economical,-coininer- cial and political relations ofeve_ry Nation.- They cannot now be arrested, nor even relat- iled,except by miscalculations,wliich,violating well ascertained laws ol'ph~y_sical $1. tiioral ac- tion, may occasion-lo\c_al disappointtneots. It has been demonstrated to the reason of this country, that wliatever has been perform- ed any where may be repeated liere,wit|i fa- cilities of accotnplishnient equal to rviiat__t_:ati 'be commanded by any otlierypeople. .. ble motion in heavy bodie_s,is' is modern inven- tion, eq-.ial’iii value to_ any wliichpreceded it- We can_now estimate its effects when applied to‘-‘navigation, and admire the rapidity with which it has extended. All our navigable ports can now communicate‘ daily with the emporium 0fNew-York, li0l\VilliSltll'ltling the opposition of winds, tides and currents. ‘ Even this invention is btit a staze-fr. which magnificent improvenietits may be extended tiiro’ the jurisdictions of Connecticut, Massa- cliusetts,New- Hatn pshiieatid Vertiioiit; and it is believed ifihe consent of Canada can be obtained, the head waters ofoiir great river may-be easily tiniierl with those wliicli de- Sctifld into the St. Lawrence. Without leav- ing the territories of the U. States, the abun- dant sources ofthe Conuecticiit, may, by lat- eral canals, be united to coinniercial ports in Maiiie, and tliro’ N. liantpsliire with Boston, tiiro’ Vermont with Lake Cliamplain,&z. thro’ a section of Massachusetts with the city of N. Haven. The projected canal on the Ousa- tonic, may, at a moderate expense, and with great advantage, be extended into the heart ofthe fiuurisliiiig county of Berkshiremot on- ly to assist the exportation ofits agricultural and fossil productions, b'ot for the introduc- tioii ofsalt and gypsum, and especially the anthracite coal of Peunsylvariia, and thereby promote the inantil'actiii'e of the invaluable iron ores, which abotind in tire Taiicunnuc niountziiti. The Eastern rivers in this state, have not to my knowledge, been surveyed for the purpose of ascertttiiiitig their declivities and natural coitiiexioiis; It is probable that some oftheiii may -be directly connected with tiic flourishing port of Providence, and that all of them are susceptible of- valiiable irri- proveineuts; litit as the present object-is tnere- ly to tiivite inquiries ofa general nature, pre- cise and minute information is the less impor- taiit. The greatest obstacle totlie foruiation of canals over our billy country, may be ex. pected from the difiictilty of finding sufficient water on the stitnmits over which they must be condticted. But as many ofotir rivers in- terlock near their sources, even this difiicnlty . "WY probably lJ8uJiviated,by establishing rail ways and locomotive engines on the litres of intersection. These recent inventions are at present extending with powerftil ‘energy in Ettgland and Scotland, and many engineers believe that they will soon supply the use of animal power in the il';1l1S_D0l‘i.atl0li of poiider- ous stibstaiices, and even supersede the rise of caiials, in many instances. The practical ti- iility of these iiiventioirs will be ascertained by experience before this country can be pre- pared to adopt them, and if they prove soc- ccssful they will become powerful atixiliarics to‘ our National Industry. A n my npirrion, the period has :irrived,wlien, a comprehensive system of National improve- iiieiits ought to he forinetl,and I illillli that the North Eastern States are invited to co-operate with the rest of the Union, by every consider- ation arising frotii a scirse of ditty, honor, and interest. This sectirm embraces a great agri- cultural, coirinrerciai and tiiantifactiiring ‘re- gion. VVe well understand the iiiutual rela- tions of those interests anti ktrow that they all flourish best, when allare impartiallyprotect- cd. Such improvements as have been noticed would dirt-ct the currents of otir rivers upon elevated plains, multiply lrydiauisc powers, increase the fertility of the subjaicent soil, de- velope and distribute the trcasrtres, in our mouiitaius, animate the industry $3 enterprise of alltlte people, connect their interests with those estalilislietf on the rvliole litre of sea coast, and with the interests in the Southern States, increase all their relations with this state, and enable every portion to participate with the irtiineastirable advantages wliicii the canals of N. York will confer on the Western states, and tliro’ them, on the new Republics ofthe Western Hemisphere. It is an interesting subject to determine the system by which these great objects can be most adv-antageoiisly acconiplisiieti. That they embrace vital interests in several contig- uous states; that the completion ofilieiti will occupy a coiisitlerzible portion oftiine anti LX- tegisive labors, and require great expentiitiires is certain :——Yet I believe, that if they are commenced on correct principles, and are wisely aii'd liOliCSll_'~7 conducted, they will oc- casion no waste of ptiblic resources, but that on the contrary, the capitals which may be expended will be repiaccd,and that the regu- lar incomes that they will produce,will supply funds for new coinbinzitiotis and still greater ittiproveuieuts. At the present period, no itioiiey is hoarded by civilized &. cotiirnercial nations, beyond what is required for iiiiiiiedi- ate use. A well organized and established public credit, is to them invaluable. Tire credit of no country is superior to that of the U. States and the Eastern States.‘ ‘Attire present time, great capitals are unemployed, ,arising from accumulating dividends, and the extinction of national and other debts. Tire interest ofmoney is conscqiicutly low,lSt. loans for periiianeut investrireiits, wherevera cou- vertible satisfactory security can be presented uiay be readily obtained. ; A canal frotii the sources of Connecticut ri- ver to tide water, ought to be viewed as a "or- gie object. The expense of. constructing it, will depend on the obstacles which may be discovered on different points ofthe entire line and will in tio degree depend on its length, or on life boundaries afstate jtiiisdictioiis. It is hence iinportaiit that the Engiiteers who may esttiblislr the particular locations,aird estimate the expense of foruiing the entire canal, ‘and perhaps, sriperinteiid its construction, should be designated by the iiational £',0V8|'l'illI8nt,i'l()l only on account oftlieir science anti skill, but irf’-their presumed impartiality and integrity. The co-operanioii ofthe fotir States, whose jurisdiction. are connected with the Connecti- ctit River, will at some time, be iiecessai'y,:iiid the assent of Cpiigress to any compacts which they may fortn.will be essential to their valid- ity.-——-It cannot be safely asserted that it is iuipossible to devise a coritract,to be executed by the states, in .their separate capacities, au- thorising the construction of the proposed ca- rial and affording complete security to all the rights and ititerests which might to be protec- ted. I place entire confidence. in the good faitli of each of these states, tlioiigli I firmly believe that an act of incorporation by_ Con- gress-,. iii accordance with their several‘ views, as they might be'tlisciosed by their R-epreser» 'll'lElIl, less liable to iiiisconstruction, St. there- fore-more acceptable to stockliolders,wlio are apt to consider precision in public coittracts,as ‘essential to- the securities which it is their ob- ject to afford; besides, this mode would best cor‘resp_ond with our habits and iisagies-iii :1 lie resources can be applied to eiicoiirage ad- The application of,/ire tc produce an-equal, nalagous cases. » I tatives, would be a more perspicnous instru. - ":Ao.,., Ital-.6 the _libt-rty to sti:g.es_t-,-tltat a i»,,,,-my. a le stock inightwbe‘ created by the Nmifmnf Go’vernmen‘l,- the accotints of which si,m,id be kepl di5fi"—°t "93!" those which relate to the funded debt, wliieh ongittto be preserved intlie prelsent regtiiai‘ c"oui‘se ofextinciion,;.. This stock should be rendered solely applica- ble to the aid of such iinprtivcoiciits, as were specifically sanctioned by the Government, with the consent of the states. in which may were located. It might be declared redeem.-« able at the periods when the aittliorized i'ni"a‘ proveinents became productive of income, Wlttch periods can now be’ nearly ascertained by precise contracts; the imprortetrteiitswiiefi Pmdllctive ofreventie, by being divisible itito 5ha"§5i would be desirable objects in which the lllmls ofstates,.locai-corporations, and in-‘ invested, tlie,.,,i,,- 5u,,,_,jy;,,g resomces, ‘-0,. ,e_ deeming National stock, which had been ad-" vaticetl. Iftlie first distributions oflgtockg ‘V379 P‘"“dE"'l.l' made,and in no greater :1- mounts than the‘ public‘ credit would finally 5"5'3_'"a “'".i10Ul displacing that portion 0 public industry ivliicli will-be constantly re- qtiired for other objects; tlieu itnmeiise ad- vantages might be imparted_to thesep-arate'~ - states, affordtiig to them Aconsran, a,,gmema.. tions oftlieir reveiitics, derived rr,..mej-ta, rem. porary loans of public credit, witliotir-any ac- tual atlvaricesfrom the 'I‘-r‘ea'stiry.. The oper- ation ofthese loansofcredit, would be wholly tlifferent from the waste ofcapital occasioned by war: they \l/Ollltl.‘ not ditiiiiiish those ex- penditures, wlii'c'li the government may desire‘ to make, as strictly national iinprovemenls, from the proceeds of their revenues as‘ at present established, and they would exhibit for the first time, the spectacle of a‘ great pa-' cific nation, acting in concert with its separ-. ate tnembers, constantly~ employinggand at the same time augntenting its resources, by conferring benefits on mankind. ‘ ' Tire other proposition, which was submitted . to the coitsitleration of the Senate of’ the U. States, and upon which iiifortnation has been‘ requested, relates to the expediency of con- stituting a National Fund, to "be applied on."- der the authority ofthe respective states, for the support ofeducation. , The encouragement of public or common schools, for the equal benefit ofall the people,” has been a subject of peculiar solicitude to the government oftliis state, from an early peri- od, antiapriiicipal part of its public property. is now inviolably appropriated tp this object. As otir laws provide’ for a proportionate dis- tribiition oftlte proceeds of the public fund, - for the benefit of all children between 4 and 16 years of age, first to the School Societies, andthrougli them, to the School tlistricis, the principle upon which the distribution is made’ appears to bejtist. The affections of both pa- _rcnts for their cliildfcn, are spontaneous, but of these, malcriiity is by far the strongest. In a 'COlilllIt|l]ily generally virtnotis like ours, where women are respected, and well educat- ed, and where their legal rights are eqtitilly protected with those of men, it is foutid, by ortr experience, that one or both parents, will must generally provide for their offspring, till they arrive at an age when they on glit to be‘- sent to a public school, toiiiingle in the world ' in wlricli'—'they nirist live. In the few cases’ which occur, where the instincts of nature’ have becoine depraved, prnvisioit has been‘ made, for separating, governin<.: and-instrtict- ing cliildren,_by other than their natural guar- dians. [therefore accord, with what I know to be-tlie general belief, that with the aids of family instruction, there are few, ifaiiy child- ren in this state, left in that unhappy condi- tion, inwliich it_ is iitipossible to acquire that competent knowletlgeofreading, writing and aritlintetic, which will enable thetn, by their own exertions, to advance to iiiglier degrees of literature. As this is all, which huinan laws can effect, I'can perceive nothing which~ the paternal care ofthe state has omitted, ex- cept_such provisions for a more energetic and‘ general stiperinteiidance, over the tnere modes‘ of education, as are required by the improve- ments aiid experience ofthe present age. It is certain that our cities and villages are increasing, and-if the state continues prospe- rous,tbey will concentre a great proportion of otir population‘. ‘The schools at preserites- tablisbed in otir large towns, including the se- lect schools of the opulent, are insiifiieient for the. proper edocatioii ofall the children, and’ those ofthe poor and improvideiit, are in the greatest rlaiiger of being neglected. Happily the system of Monitorial or Lan- casteriait schools, comes to our aid, at a time,- wlren,I trust, we are prepared to receive it.——- .it has been sufficiently adopted in this coitu- il‘}’, to enable every well iiiforuied person, to judge of its tendencies and, principles. It is well known, that it has effected a highly beire-- ficial change in the habits, character, and iii- telligence ofthe youth ofN. Haven. Those’ who have passed tiiroogii ti regular course are" well educated young men, prop-areal to eiitet on the duties of actii;e life. This system is- _ difiiising over the city of N. York, W|‘Iet'efiif affords indisputable evidence of its beiieliciai effects, training youth to a love of order and virtue, inspiring their nriuds with self rega r~d,: repressing juvenile errors, and preparing the mass ofpopulation to support those pii're‘nia'n— tiers and correct principles, upon which the conversation of repiiblican go'veriiments,mtist, in a verv few years, entirely, depeiid.——---If funds caii be obtaiiietl, to defray the necessa- ry expetises, I_ have no doubt that L:tiicasteri- airschools ought as soon as possible, to he es‘- tablished in sever2il.parts oftltis state. Wire-‘c-v ever from 200 to 1000 children" can be cori- veued within it suitable tlisiimcc, this mode of instruction. in reading, spe:rkiiig,peinnansliip, arillituetic, and iiook-keeping, will be found’ tiittcli iitore efficieiit, direct, and ecoiiomie'.il,' than the plan now generally piirsued. By tiic progress of science in our country,. institutions are gradually forming, which are‘ designed to proinoteevery branch of usel'u'l' knowledge, with appropriate applications to- tiie iiiitids of young. men, ofthe principles of ,. mathematics, clietiiistry, gecilogy,tiiiiier:i‘,lffi;y,. tiotany, and natural philosophy. By a l-tnorrl- edge oftliese sciences, they become int_eili--- gent agricultrrralists, macliiuists, itiatitifftcltfi-i‘ rers, architects, and civil and iillliiafy, engi- tieers, and they accotriplisii all-these purposes- rvitliorit neglecting the duties of morality -and: religion. _ It is manifest, that these estalishnicnts re- quire spacious litriitiinggg.iibraries,uiodeis and- speciinens, atrd to sit;-fie" of them, costly nia- clriues a~nd~ apparatufiire intlispensable,to eit- able the professorstccotniiiuuicate iustructioiz. ’[‘lie resou-rcesforcoitibiniitg iliein, can only lbe supplied by contributions of public or pri- vateivea-ltli ;-all. that can reasonably or y.is'.l_rr ‘“"ld""l5 "ll?-.'~l1l be safely and pEl‘m.'inel'Illf‘ ,.
Norwalk Chronicler