-; -_—,.r:;~ —_. ____.......
, . v' 1 . - . 1-‘ ‘
F}/§:£":r-‘rs.-. ,-,-- .. -
SENATE OF THE U. STATES, ,
‘The fo'llowing is ‘a complete list, \v'itl'}.,'tlie
‘exceptioh ol'Dela\'vare,'ol' the members ofthe
present Senate of-the United States, The
numbers attaclled to their respective ‘natnes
d,esignat'_e the years their tertn of service ex-
pires. Those whose names are in italics, are
new metnbers. t
,From Maine. -
Holmes, 1897.
TI
John Chandler, 18§9*, John
“ -.‘N'e'wHampshire. - .S'a1nztell3ell,18§29;John-
F.Parott,18°.'5. , I p -;
Massachusetts. James Lloyd, 189.9‘; Eli-
~_-',_ah,I:Iunt Mills,_,f8°J7. ‘ -‘ ' ’
C’omtecticul. Henr_1/_
'-=.'_[a,rnes Lanman, 138%. .
, Rhoda-Island. J am'e‘s
hemiab Knigbt,18Q§}, , H ‘ _
Vermont. William A, Paltr"ie‘r, 1825 ; Ho-
ratio Seymour, .1827. ,
, .N'ew_-Yorlc-._ , Rufds .I_{ing, $1825 ; Martin
A Van Bieuren, 189.7. _ _ _ .5 V . .
_ .l\_’°e,ti: ,Jc'rsey. '-.‘v'Iahlor't Dickerson, 18:29 ;
floseph Me Ilvain, 1327-. ' -
Delaware, . (I5__o_th_3‘vacant.) »
'.Mar_tjlamI. Edward Lloyd, 1825 ; Samu-
'el Stnith, 1892, , . '
Virginia. "-James Barbour, 1827; John
Taylor,,1N8,Q-9. '
.N'orllr Carolina.
John Branch, 189.9. , ,
Sbitih Carolina. J. Gaillard, pres. pro tein.
; Robert Y. Hayne, 1829. '
_ ‘Georgia. John ‘Elliot, 189.5; Nicholas
Wai'e, 18229. _ A ..
Kentucky. Richard M. Johnson, 1329 ; I-
sham Talbot, 18°15. , 7 ' '
Tennessee. flndreto Jackson, 1823 ; John
Henry Eaton, 18-27. - , . ‘
Ohio. Benjamin Ruggles, 18917; Ethan
A. Brown, 189.5. .
Louisiana. James Brown, 1825;
Johnson, 1899. , . _
‘ Indiana. James Noble-, 1827-; \V,alter
Taylor, 1825. V
. Mississippi. Thos, H. W'illiams, 18%;
David Holmes, 1827. -
_ Illinois. Jesse B. Thomas.1829; Niuian
Edwards, 18325, .
.€l1ab.:1mti-. \Vn’t. R. King, 1829; W'illiatn
Kelly, 1825. , , _
Missottri. David Barton, 1825; Thus. H.
Benton, 1827.
.I'.".-:’l_totz_7'(..l..'9,_‘1il°s_'£’.’i’ ;
-awoi r, M7 ; Ne-
Nathaniel Macon, F827 ;
I-Ieury
..
_ Ohio Canal.—'The stateof Ohio has lately
had its attentiondirected to it plan-"for improv-
ing its internal navigation ; and the legisla-
ture have entered upon the preparatory Incas-
tll'CS with a degree of spirit which promises
success. A single glance at the map ofthat
state is sufficient to show the immense Elil\"i!ll-
tages which would be derived from a commu-
-lticatiou between Lake Erie and the Ohio
river. The surveys made during the last seas-
on, under the authority ofthe legislature,h:tve
corroborated the conclusions contained in a
previous report ofJudgc Geddcs of N. York,
viz. that two canal routes are practicable be-
tween the Ohio’ and Lake~Erie. location
is now making on one ofthese,called the Cay-
ahoga and Musltingum line-; and as the other
which extends from the Maumee and Z‘='li:nni,
is to be surveyed the next spring or summer,
an opportunity will soon be afforded f'orjndg-
ing of their respective advantages and disad-
vantages, and for ascertaining their compar-
ative expense. - ' *
Shoulda canal be made on either of the
proposed routes, :1 C0llll1llll1lC'u.ll0!1 would be
opened notonly between the shores of'Lake
Eric and the Ohio, and its navigable branch-
es, but there would be an uninterrupted line
ofinl-and navigation extending from N. York
to the Mississippi and its tributaries. Thee
great arteries of the United States, by which
the essential elements of our prosperity are —
distributed through our country, would thus
be converted into one ; and we have every
thing but actual experience to satisfy us that
the advantages they now furnish would be in-
creased in proportion to the immense scale
ofthe plan. VVe are already accustomed to
regard the country opened to us by the grand
Canal as almost boundless: who then can
calculate its extent when it is increased by the
, vast regions watered by our western rivers.-——
According to a general calculation the work
proposed would open not less than 5000 tniles
to our already extended line ofinternal navi-
gation, and that through regions which for the
greater. part are fine and productive, and rap-
idly increasing in inhabitants and resources.
The inhabitants of the- state of Ohio are
,strongly in favor ofthe proposed plan, partly
on account of the unhealtbiness ofthe mun-
try about the month of the Mississippi, the
natural outlet for the productions ofits shores.
Other advantages which they. promise them-
selves, and which perhaps strangers more
readily appreciate, are-those arising frotn the
peculiar navigation ofthe Mississippi, and the
relations existing between the states of Ohio
and New-York, both in regard to their local
situations and the origin and character of
their inhabitants. The rapidity of the Mis-
sissippi’s current renders the navigation dan-
gerous and laborious. ' From this brief ac-
count it will be seen that the plan ofthe Ohio
canal is a flattering one; and we are happy
to state that the‘ subject seems likely to meet
with due encouragement.-—Dai. fldv.
Treaties with Sprn'n.—'.VIcssrs.Dawkins and
Cox are appointed Commissioners on the part
of Great Britain to adjust with Spanish Com-
missioners, the British aud Spanish claims a-
rising uuder the Convention concluded at Ma-
drid, March 12, 1823.‘ ‘ This treaty was con-
'cluded under the Constittttiotitil regime of
Spain; and the recent appointmentof Com-
missionersby England - to car_ry it into cxecu’-i
tion, shows that the British Government did
notanticipate the abrogation ofthe treaty in
any issue ofthe affairs of Spain. The Treaty
*«betw'een.thé_U. States and Spain for the ces-
sion of the Floridas, was made in 182.1, and
‘un-der the same , authority as the British, and
if one is anhulledthe other must be- also.—--'
The King‘ unqtrestionably; has power to"--‘renew
them, or to declare them exceptions‘. to the
general’ rule; and the Ministers of both na-
‘lions will unqtiestionably require him so to do
ifnecessiary. Mr. Nelson, our Mmister,was‘
at Minorca at the last date, and it is expected
on hea,ring_the restoration ofthe King, will be’
landed at Valencia, or some adjacent port,-and
proceed direct to Madrtd,_ and be there about
mg time of the King’s arrival.--Boston Cent.
British national Ellflill.-—TlIE‘.l'f'é are 238,958
masons who own shares, .of’difl'crent amounts,
in the‘ British funds. and it requires no , less a
. dividends. Dftliislnitiiiiliéir more than 90,000
receive a dividend_tiot ‘exceeding ml. per an-
nmn; nearly 100,000 receive a .sum not ex-
a_n. in'com_e in 't_ht'3 funds of about 4000l. a véar.
This statetiieht is, however, exclusive oftlfose
persons who have deposited in Saving banks ;
and alisoof other denominations of unredeem-
liante'n‘t¢' The total amount ofinterest paid
. toiliund-liolrlers, and ofexpenses arising in the‘,
‘collection of the taxes, is estimated, to make_
an aggregate ofno_ less"-_-a stnr_r-than-forty and
a halfmillions sterling. .*.This immense sum
is drawn yearly from tbegactive portion ofthe
pcopl_e_,_and,paid‘ in support of that class who
generally spend their time in idleness, dissi-
pation and fashionable amusements.
*,,* We may herein see how ' it is that a.
.nationa'l7debt has been‘c‘alled'a national bles-
sing. Spread thus among the people, it must
needs be expected that they woultlsupport a
government,right or wrong,as well for the sake
of both principal and interest.—-—.N'iles’ Reg.
From the Cape Town (uflfrica) Gazelle.
‘ On the 8th inst. Mr. G. Tltotnpson arrived
in town frotn Old La_ttak_oo, in the short space
of 14 days, bringing with him the following
extraordinary intelligence. M r. Moffat states
the approa‘cb ofa numerous, powerful, and fe-
rocious army, described to cotne from the-
south,havingconqueredandover~runL°.8 tribes;
they were repulsed by the Wanketts. They
are composed of white, black and bottentot
color, have longish hair. and speak a strange
language.‘ Many wear European clothes, but
most of them nearly naked. Their weapons
are an ancient sword, :t_. short hand-spear, and
a‘ cndgel without a head; they have their
wives and children with them, and lastly, it is
positively said they are cannibals.’
' [As the fact respecting these long haired
savages has been doubted, Mr. Campbell, of
the English navy, says that in 1802 and 1803,
there were more long haired natives on the Is_-
land of I*‘crnando Po (an island to the north-
ward of’ the Equator) than those with the
common curled hair of Africans. He also
states that while in a bay, near Cape Lobos,a
tribe of upwards 100 lonrr flowing haired na-
tives presented tlietnsclt/lias(. Thesla also were
evidently of European extraction, the colour
of their skins being nearly similzr to that of
the Clioctatv Indians. From the above facts,
Mr. Campbell thinks it not improbable that
in the long lapse of time since the passage to
Indiia lhy tqe Capeiwasf kpown tokEurIopeans,
ant t )6 tiousant s o s i )\\'l'CC s t tat are
known to have occurred on lhe southern coast
of Africa, that similar hords to those of Fer-
nando Po and Cape‘Lol_)os may have sprung
up on many parts of the southern coast. ,
JV. Y. Dai. J1dv.]
Portsmouth, Eng. Oct. 9.——Sn-zxrut Lnzoxrz.
Arrived his l\‘Ia_icsty’s gun brig Snapper, from
the coast of Africa, where she had been em-
ployed upwards of three years in the suppres-
sion ofslave trading. She left Sierra Leone
on the fstof'Septembcr, and on the ‘2d Lieut.
T. H. Rothery, her cotninantlcr, died. The
most important article ofinformation brought
by the Snapper is, that the Ashantees were
approaching Cape Coast in considerable outn-
bcrs, with the intention of making an attack
on and plundering the colony. The private
and public property there is very considerable.
Sir Charles L\ ’Carty was aboutto leave Sier-
ra Leone for Cape Coast, to direct the opera-
tions. Captain Laing, of the Royal African
corps had collected :1 force cf7,000 men rin-
cipally natives) to resist the Ashantccs. Com-
modore Sir Robert Mends was at Cape Coast
with the Owen Glendower and Driver, for the
purpose of affording all possible aid to the
military forces. The Ashantees were said to
have arrived within nine miles of the colony.
VVe are happy to hear that the Owen Glendo-
wer had captured, in the river Bonny, two
Spanish schooners, with 260 slaves on board ;
but, though the French have hada squadron
of five vessels of war at Goree the last twelve
months, fottr of them were about to return to
France, (having been relieved) without having
made a slave capture: a recent arrival from
the river Scstos stated that the frame in slaves
is carried on with redoubled energy by the
subjects ofthe Kings ofFrauce and Spain, at
the Galinas, and on the coast of Cape Paltnas.
It appears that revolution and legitimate
claims-are asmuch the political feelings ofthe
day in Africa as in Europe. Alinany Abdul-
kadur has been recalled to the throne of the
Fonlahs, and Boukari Alfia has been sent to
private life. In the Madingo Country, Fati-
man Mordle had been deposed, because, con-
trary to ancient usage, he had determined on
palaver without the consent of the other
Chiefs; he was moreover, not allied to the
principal families in the Madingo Country,
but was a new raised Chief !—-It will be heard
with pleasure that the gum trade with the
Moors at Potendic, which was long lost, hav-
ing taken a new clfannel, had since its re-ope-
mug, become very flourishing. Three Sl'llpS
employed in [his trade had lately left Sierra
Leone, for Potendic. We are happy to state
that the rainy season had set in at Sierra Le-
one without any omen of unusual sickness.
A letter from Sierra Leone, dated June 523,
gives the following information :—‘ I am un-
der the painful necessity ofinforming you of
the death of Lt. Dashiell, commander ofthe
U. S. scbr. Augusta, at Sierra Leone. He
was buried with the honors of war by the offi-
cers and soldiers of this place.’—Lieut. D.
was the son t)f_Mrs. _Wilson, of Washington
city,and,was an officer, in whom Capt.Spence
showed the confidence he felt, by leaving him
in command ofthe ,Augusta on the African
Co'ast.——Bultimore Telegraph.
, 1S'yria.———Up to the 30th June, according to
advices from Antioch, shocks of earthquakes
continued to be felt almost daily through-
vast damage. This, however, was not the
whole o‘f‘the evil with which this unhappy
country was visited. The rainy season gen-
erally begins in December, and continues,
with some iuterrttptions,till the end ofMarch ;
but frotn March to,Oc'tober.it ' is very seldom
thata drop falls. During the last week of
without intermission, and torrents pour’d frotn
the mountains. _ 'I‘hc Orontes had overllowed
its banks, inundated the. fields, and swept a-
way men and cattle, the harvest in the fields,
and that already housed, trees, houses, SL0.--A
About 1,000 perished, to fill up the measure of
misfortune, the
sum than 25,77?.,‘2.96l. yearly tovpay off their
rtuta
ceediug 100l. pe‘r_.*a‘ntititn; 215 persons have"
ed stat; of which no return was made in par-
out Syria, which __in some instances had done-
May and the whole ofJune, it rained violently
From the JV’. Y. Daily ./9dverliser. A
SPAIN.--The last number of the Quarter-
ly Review ‘contains an able and interesting ar-
ticle on 3‘ Spain,” founded professedly on a
work reiiiaiitly published in London, entitled
——“ fl visit to Spain ;.detailing the Transac-
tions ,\_vl1i_t':h occurred during a Residence in
t-ltat’C'du'ntry;'_in__-theflattcr part of 1892, and
-'tbe‘_ first 4 months of-'l823—by Michael Quin,
fBar'riste'r at Law, a'n'd-Fellow of [tire Royal
Society of_Liter‘a_tui‘e._’f As is usual with mod-
ern Re'vie,\vers,‘-tl_1is_ book is made the occai
tbat ‘countfy for some centuries past, in which
mutzlt valuable infortnation is,_conununi.oated,
sortie part of which to us is altogether new,
and uncommonly interesting. Having given
a short account of Mr. Quin’s work, the Re-
viewers say-—“—Our readers will, we hope.
excuse us, if we venture to offer them a key
to the work itself, in a succinct viewzolfthe
history ofhuman mind in Spain, from the for-
mation of the Hispano-Gothic monarchy, to
the beginning of the present dist'urbanr-.es.”
-They then enter upon an account of “ the
1nquisilion—-that mysterious tribunal, the re-
al source -of’ mental perversion among the
Spaniards”——and to‘ it they ascribe many of
the evils with which the‘ nation has been af-
flictctl.—“ The original Inquisition,” say the
Reviewers, “ whose powers-were confided to
the Dominicans forthe destruction ofthe Al-
bigenses of France, and in the kingdom of
Aragon, and which from those countries pen-
ctrated into Castile about the middle ofthe
13th century, found the enemies of'Christian-
ity». and those of the country perfectly identi_-
tied in the public opinion ofthat country.——
By a reciprocity of ideas, extremely natural
in a rude military people, the religious abhor-
rence, which national animosity bad dirccterl
against the Moors, involved all who, like
them, were branded as enemies of Christian-
ity. ’I‘be distinction between a heretic and a
Mahotnetan is still too nice for most Span-
iards, especially ofthe interior provinces.—-
Thc church condemned them both ; and it
was every faithful -Christian’s part to hold
them in equal detestation. The inquisitors
themselves made no distinction between the
relapsed. Mahotnetan convert, the Jew who
secretly -practiced the ceremonies of the law,
and the Christian reformer, who, Will! the
Gospel in his hand, protested against the in-
novatious of the church of Home. All were
bound to the same stake, and perished by the
same fire. Their names were crowdcd' to-
gether in the public inscription which carried
the name of the sufferers with shame to pos-
terity. Their cbilclren and their children’s
children were as indiscriminately thrown into
a degraded cast, which could never recover
from infamy.”
In the beginning ofthe 16th century, “the
impulse which the human mind had received
throughout Europe,” was felt even in Spain,
notwithstanding ‘.‘ the increased terrors ofthe
Inquisition, then reorganized into the most
ingenious and efficient system ofpersecution
ever devised by man.” Accordingly a‘ war
was waged against literature, books and man-
uscripts were destroyed, libraries burnt, and
thousands of Hebrew Bibles perished in the
flames. A fact is however stated by the Re-
viewers, which we had not before met with,
viz. “ that the German reformation made its
first active and sincere prosélytes at Seville.”
The Lutheran principles prevailed at that
city, and at Valladolid ;—-at the former place
a protestant church contained at the time of
its extripation more than 800 members, at
the latter, the new sect wasjoined by numer-
ou_s females, among whom were manyladies
ofquality. By means of the Inquisitor)‘, this
attempt at reformation was crushed, and the
details of the barbaritics practised by the Ho-
ly Fathers are shocking to the feelings even
at this remote period.
“The fatal end of Maria Gomez, the wid-
ow, who, in a state of mental derangement,
betrayed the protestant congregation of Se-
ville, istoo affecting to be passed over. No
sooner had she recovered her reason, than the
protestant doctrines resumed their former as-
cendancy in her mind. Shewasdoubly uni-
ted by the ties" of blood and religious feeling
with Leonor Gomez, her widowed sister, and
three unmarried daughters of the latter, Elvi-
ra Nemcz, and Theresa and Lucy Gomez,
whom notwitltstanding the difference in their
sirnames, she had by t-he same husband, a
physician of Seville. One of these young
women being arrested, every effort of cruelty
and deceit was employed to extort a confes-
sion iniplioating her mother, aunt and sisters.
But she endured the r:l'ck in perfect silence.
An inquisitor, piqued at ‘this extraordinary
firmness, took the determination of entrap-
ping the prisoner by affecting a decided inter-
est in her favor. He gave her private audi-
e1’1ces,‘\rhcre his tone of paternal affection
soon melted a heart which had so long been
fed with tears and bitterness. She was made
to believe that all danger would be removed
from her dear relatives ifthe judge,who seem-
ed so bentupon saving her, was put at once
in possession of the wholetruth. A declara-
tion of this kind was all that the evidence
wanted to be complete’ ; and the five female
relatives were condemned to the flames.—-
VVithout the least sign of weakness, subter-
fuge, or wavering, the helpless" creatures pre-
pared themselves to die. They comforted
each other on the scatfcltl-——the young thank-
ing the old for the cares, and religious instruc-
’tion——and_ these pointing to heaven where,
within a fewmotnents, they all firmly hoped
to embrace in never-ending happiness.”
One great object of the lieviewers appears
to be to show, that the Inquisition has had a
direct tendency to degrade the character of
the Spanish nation, and principally by des-
troying its intellectual improvement. ‘Un-
derthe patronage ofa truly enlightened sove-
reign,’ say they, ‘Spain, awakening from her
torpor, might have‘ created a literature of her
own, and stamped it with the character of her
vigorous genius. BntPhilip was a bigot of
the French school; he ‘loved literature as an
ornament which became a court, and wished,
ifpossible to make Madritla mitfiature ofPa-
ris. The few men of talent who still preser-
ved a taste for real knowledge, and deplored
‘the obstacles which stood in the way ofuational
improvement, tverectnbodietl in two academ-
ies one for the cultivation of the T3",-ianisli lan-
guage, the other for the advancement of na-
tional history. But still that -national enemy
of niental improvement, the Inquisition, was
supported by the King, who mindful to the
last, ofthe advice which Louis ‘XIV. had giv-
en‘ hitrt,.resisted the repeated endeavours of
his ministers to suppress, or reform it. The
plague has broken out at Be-_‘
Inquisition raged with uncommon fury dur-
xirig the forty-six‘ years that Philip held the"
sioln _'of a :labt‘v’ri:.d a_rtic?lejo_n tl}e»cont_litio‘n of
‘Liberal party,.of whom they entertain a very
_‘ not be (lisguised ; nor shall we, from a mista-
crown. The descendants ofthe baptised Jews
were found to have been secretly attached to
the religion oftbeir fathers, which b the gra-
dual spread of the families, had ,r‘n'ul’tiplied to
a surprising degree the secret followers of
Moses. The number of. Autos do Fe during
thereign of Philip V. amounted to The,
r'ep,orts of 54 OI;llle,Se.‘flll'ltJ§‘,'OdIlSl1llC€-II byLlo,.-'
rente, give the‘ following number of sufferers.
Seventy nine persons cotnnritted totbe flames;
sixty three burnt in-efiigy; eight huftdred and
twenty -nine perislied by fire, imprisonment
and infamy. The same historian m_akes_the
average ofpersons burnt alive every yé'ar"du-
ring that period, about twenty four. This hor-
rible persecutiou fell almost exclusively upon
Jews and entliusiast_s. Tire. raceofprotestants
was "utterly extinct.’
, The Reviewers attempt to point out the or-
igin, and give the character of the Spanish
poor opinion. ‘ Yet truth,’ say they, ‘ must
keu nxotive,_suppress our perfect conviction
that as there are not two sorts of beings so
differing in theirideas and sentimentsas those
who in Spain, be-arthe names of liberals and
scrviles, no men are worse fitted to produce a
moral and political improvement in the mass
ofthe country than the former. Their knowl-
edge is narrow, superficial, exotic. It has
been acquired by stealth, in nooks and cor-
ners,under the constant apprehension of dan-
ger ; a poor crop almdst clicked with the
weeds of spite and anger. The liberals theor-
selves hardly know what they are agreed up-
on, except the destruction of wllatever oppo-
ses certain general views of the party, whose
tendency is to upset the whole structure of
the monarchy. The Spanish nation is deci-
dedly against them.’
They then proceed to remark upon the
Spanish Constitution, and particularly upon
the Spanish Constitution, and particularly up-
on the principle recognized in it, viz. that_
‘ The sovereignly 7‘C8'ltlf’.'.‘ essenliall_1,' in the na-
tion.’ It is not strange that this great princi-
ple of rcpublicanism s‘ho:ild,bc unpalatcable
to politicians ofthe character of those who
conduct this monarchial publication." Nor is
it our object to undertake at present to vindi-
cate it. To us in this republic it is not only
familiar but, in the sense we understand ;'it,
fundamental. The Reviewers, in attempting
to shew its fallacy and absurdity, make the
following remarks z—‘ The proper topics for
rousing Spain out of the indolent slumbcrs of
a prolonged dc-:gradati,on, were the inherent
rights ofevery free people to be governed ac-
cording to fixed laws; the necessity of re-es-
tablishing such institutions as had been devis-
ed by their forefathers to balance the powers
ofthe state.’ We think that the Spaniards
might have contended for :1 still broader prin-
ciple, viz. The right 0f€t«'€7‘_lj people to be gov-
erned by the Constitution u.-hich. themselves
have framed. If this maxim is not perfectly
sound, there is no such thing as ‘national in-
dependence. lVe have frequently seen it sta-
ted, as a sort ofapology for the French invas-
ion of Spain, that the constitution of the lat-
ter was a poor, miserable, absurd thing ; hav-
ing but one legislative house, and no veto in
the executive. Letthis all be true, and as
much more ofthe same kind as may be _wish-
ed, and it will have nothing to do in settling
the real merits of the question. What is it to
France that Spain has adopted an absurd con-
stitution, so long as there is no provision in it
which violates the peace or safety of other na-
tions P Has France ever made war upon G.
Britain because the latterpeople enjoyed a
greater degree of freedom than her own ?
And yet she has been exposed to the ‘ moral
contagion’ of British freedom for centuries.
If nations are to frame their constitutions of
government in such a manner as to suit the
notions ofothcrs, not themselves, Spain must
make one that will please France, and jt«‘rance
one that will please Austria, anti Austria one
that will satisfy Russia, and so on in succes-
sion through the civilized world-—whilst the
whole will exhibit the wonderful absnrdiiy of
managing their concerns not for their own
benefit but for the gratification ofotbcrs.
From the Paris Cons!-itztlionel.
RlEGO.—-Ifthe insurrection ofthe Isleof
Leon, which so litany wish to see punished in
the person of one of its chiefs, had been con-
fined to a partial insurrection, without receiv-
ing support from the nation, and, consequent-
ly, had been without success, the head of
Riego ought to. have allen under the applica-
tion of the laws against rebellion; but the
constitution first proclaimed at Cadiz, was
soon after proclaimed in Madrid and through-
out ull Spain: the impulse became. g.encral,
and whether the constitution of the Cortes
was‘ reasonable or not, it was preferred to the
absolute power under which Spain had groan-
ed ever since 1814, The tnost moderate spir-
its of Europe, in regretting that the constitu-
tion of fill‘: was not given with modifications,
were convinced however that Spain demand-
ed one; and even when we were arming a-
gainst that constitution, we reccived the as-
surance that it should be replaced by one bet-
ter suited to the manners and ancient insti-
tntions of Spain. There was therefore some-
thing legitimate, and recognized as such, in
the necessity which provoked the revolution
at Cadiz.‘ ~
However it was, this revolution gave the
government to the constitutionalists ; the king
united himselfwith them,-accepted the consti-
tution the establishment of which was propos-
ed to him ; and this new order of things, al-
though remarked with pain by cerlainconrts
of Europe, was recognized and sanctioned by
the continuation of diplomatic relations, and
hy'the’ presence of ambassadors from all the
great powers at Madrid. Thre_e years passed
by without any protestation on the. part ofthe
cabinets, and all their opposition was bound-
ed perhaps to counsels of moderation or of
modification. Truly, if ever a state‘ ofthings
was recognized it was that; ifthe character of
insurrection was ever effacetl, it was incomes-
tably so in the revolution at Cadiz.
This is not all. When it was made a ques-
tion at the Congress ofVerona to impose an-
other constitutional legislation on the Span-
iards, it was not undertaken as ifrebels were
to be punished, but, on the contrary, the steps
which were taken went no further than to
propose to them certain modifications in their
fundamental code; the ground taken was that
it was necessary to establish in Europe a sort
ofpolitical harmony ;negociations were tnade
as between equals, and not as between ajudge
- l
Spanish government to change éiertaln parts
oftheir institutions, addressed themselves to
all the members of the-Cortes; they addres« ‘
sed themselves to Riego himself, the very
man whoni they would now send to‘ the scaf-‘
fold as a traitor and a rebel. . —
_'._I‘be ‘same government with -which they
changed diplomatic notes; made.,loans'in all
the tlifferent states. The cabinets-permittetl
these loans, authorised their tiegp_ciation,and
-allowed ,t_he.c_onnnet:ce in~ the funds, which
resul_led‘;from tliem‘. ' Would they ‘permit reb-
els to negociate loausvpublicly in all commer-
cial places ?* - - - ‘I K-
‘ Would it not be an act ofbad faith to con-
sider and to punish as a revoltertbe author of
a revolution publicly sanctioned-by Europe ?
‘This’ was the case of the govermnent in fact,
recognized by the confederated sovereigns
from their first entrance into ,—Paris in 1814-.
According to the principlos of/the powers, the ‘
dethroned conqueror was arfusurper, and lid
had his origin in insurrection ; but did tlre'y'
illlempi ,I9,p1_l.nislx-a-.<‘figle one of those wh_‘o
had served ‘and sustained his power ? Was it
not nckn_owletlged at that time that a govern‘-
"lent: ‘filler _l|3Vlng existed for a certain time,‘
although it might'not have acquired a legifi.
mflle cllillilclera at leastwas freed from tltati‘
of revolt, and that the law, ¢onld'__,po longer’
descend upon those v.-ho had .-;.,g5'ed.,,nd su,,_
ported it ? c i .
Mr. Scorcsb "s Iourna - " .-
./‘u/'orl/iern lVha)leb'isher1/,l iizcgiilleyplhblitilighe
. . . ' -_ g a ‘ pr
contains much information respecting the re.
fractions which are usual in high latitudes:
one very singular instance deserves notice.
. {On my return to the ship about 11 o’clock
the night was beautifully fine, and the at;
quite mild. The atmosphere, in consequence
of the warmth, being in a highly refractive
state, a greatmany curious appearances were
presented by the land and icebergs. The most
extraordinary effect of this state ofthe atmos-
phere, however, was, the distinct invertediim.
age ofa ship in the clcarslty, over me ,,,',(p“,
of the large buy or inlet before— mentioned '
the ship itself being entirely beyond the hori:
.-‘son. Appearances offhis kind I have before
noticed, but the peculiarities of this we're...
the perfection of the image, and the great dis-
tancc of the vessel that it represented. It was
so extrcrn.el_v welldefined, that when exam-
incd with a telescope by Dollond, I could dis-
tinguish every sail, the general -‘ rig of the
ship,’ and its peculiar character ; insomuch
that I confidently pronounced -it to be my fa-
thcr’s ship, the Fame, .-which it afterwards
proved to be 3 though on comparing notes ’
with my father, I found that our relative posi-
iion at the time gave our distance from oiie
another very nearly thirty miles, being abciut
seventeen miles beyond the horizon, and some-
leagnes beyond the limit ofdirect vision. It
was so struck by the peculiarity ofthe circum-
watch, stating my conviction that the Fame‘-
was then crnizing in the neighbouring inlet.’
The character of the new Pope is thus git’-"
en-‘in a French paper :—‘ The Czu'('linal De].-
la Genga is not a man afterthe hearts-of'thos’e‘ -
who sigh for the revival ofthevtgorous adm.m'. ‘
islralion of the days of I,?ius,Vl. "The name
ol'Lco, which he has assumed, is at once-,’an'
index to his tastes, and guarantee of h‘fsfu-
_ture conduct. It is his boast that upon all sub-'
jects, he feels precisely as Leo did, and that he
will reign by the arts, and for Italy if possible.‘
We all remember the important mission upon‘
which he was sent to Paris in 1814, w’;hi’clI,
was to explain some parts ofthe extraordina-
ry Concorrlat of1801.and the reason" forwhich
he was chosen for. such a mission, was that no
other man was equally capable with him of
discharging the important duties ofit. He re-
mained at Paris during the hundred davs.--
Upon another occasion he was sent 15 the
Rhine with a view ofconciliating the interests
of the Catholics and Pl‘t')l(-‘slttllls. In one
word, ofall the sacred College be is the most
modern man, and th_e best acquainted with
the causes which lead to the state ofthings in
Europe. His Library is the finest at Il.o‘me.-’
Mahngan_2;.—Tlie largest log of Mahogany
ever it_nported_in'_to' England has" recently been
sold at Liverpool for £595, and ifit open well
is supposed to be worth £1000. It is 17 feet
in length, 5 feet in width, and.l4 thick, and
contains more than 55000 superficial feet. If
sown into veneers, it is computed that the cost.
of labour in the process will be £700.
French Troops.-The French troops (said
Napoleon) are the bravest in the world.-—-
They will fight in whatever position they may
be attacked ; but they cannot retreat before :1
'llClOI'lOllS enemy. Ifthey experience the least
check they lose all presence ofmind and dis-
ciphue-—they slip through your fingers, as it-
were.-—-Las Cases’ Journal.
Mr. Perkins is now constructing several
Steam Engines on his plan, particularly one
of 80 horse power for a vessel to ply between
London and Margate.
Nearly thirty thousand men are at present
employed on the great canal from the Texel
to Amsterdam. The marshy earth which is
found towards the bottom of the canal, is tak-
en outwith bag-nets, and fills more than a
thousand boats each day. The canal will be
twenty-five feet in depth, so that the largest '
Eastgand lrVest Intliamen, may pass direct to
.-Xmsterdam without unloading part of their
cargoes at the Texel. The canal will be more
than sixty English miles long, and will" cost,
without including the great flootl-gates, more
Irish Females.-’-A meeting of Ladies was
held in London on the 2d of'July, for the for-
mation of a society with particular‘ reference
to the education of Irish females. The de-
sign is to establish schools where the girls, in
addition to a religious education, may receive
the advantages ofiustruction in needle-work.
knitting, spinning, and other branches of
knowledge belonging to their condition in so.
ciety. Among the circumstances which make '
such at society necessary, it is stated, that in
many of the remoter districts of Irelan(l,'tai.-_
lors are employed to go from house to house
to darn stockings, the women being entire-Iv
ignorant ofthe use ofthcir nccdle.—.'V.Y.0b.i.-. '
On the 8th Aug. Sercpta in Russia was des-
troyed by fire. Within/1 or 5 hours nothing
remained of the whole town but the church '
and 1.‘; houses. ‘
Sixty ilritish vessels engaged in Davis's "
and acriminal. The embassadors who, in
he name ofthe allied powers, proposed to the f
Straits Whale Fislier_v, the present year, have
lallefl UP“'ilI'tl5 ofa tliousttntl whalds.
stance, that I tnentioued it to the officer ofthe‘ .
than 90 million guilders.—-Phil. Gaz. '
\
I
I
Norwalk Chronicler