._....... ,.‘_
i
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7.
r
the perfection of their civil orgaiiizations
Executive was directed to take such steps as
might be most likely to produce the benefits
anticipated from them wit:..-iut loss of time.-
The secondobject ofisolicituderelated to~the
‘state of the finances, public accounts, and~na-
ttonal resources. vThese, being subjected to a
. fcareft‘i‘l'exaniinati6_ri, and various modifica-
*tions'introduced into the political code, ft-it the
' .~\' ’more,prompt collection ofthe revenue, and
‘prevention of fiscalabuses, the third andlnst
‘subject ofdeliberatiou, was an inquiry» iiito-
the extent of the naval and military forces of
the Confederation, as also relative to the most
effectual plans to___be adopted _for repelling ev-
ery future afteinpt of the‘eneniy. ‘ _
Having_decided that the seat of govern-
ment should be fixed at Tripolizza, previous
to its finalestablishinent at Athens, the last
-act of Congress was an address to the people,
in ivliiclrtlie object of assembling and a suc-
cinct notice of the proceedings were. detailed.
This eiiergeticpaper also proclaiirit-.d the in-
dependence,appealing once more to the chris-
tian world for its sympathy and support; and,
after thanking those who had nieriir.-d_iis ap-
probation by. their patriotism and public spir-
it, concluded by iniploring “ the Omnipotent
Fatlier ofall, to extend his Almighty protec-
tion to the people of Greece and crown their
efl'ort‘s with success.” ’_ ._
M r.Blaquiere’s objectbeing to ascertain how
far the conduct of the Greek government and
people is entitled to the support ofthe christ-
ian world, he directed his e:iquires_fLrs£ toi_hs-
cover how the struggle comntenced, whether
or not itwas connected, as alledged, with the
revolutionary movements in Italy and ‘Spain ;'
and secondly, how far the representations (If
‘cruelty on the part ofthe Greeks, were ‘found-‘
ed in truth, ‘ With regard to the-. origin of
the Greek contest, this is not the place to en-
ter into a ininnte detail of all the facts, and
indeed many ofthem would be irrelevant to
the object ofyourcoinrnittee :. it cannot, how
ever, be too soon proclaiiiied, nor ‘too widely
circulated, and I will stake my existence on
the exact veracity oftlie:1ssertion, that there
was not tlieisniallest coniiectiou, either direct-
ly or indirectl_i/, between the rising in Greece
and passing events in the rest of Europe.-—
Having made this positive and solemn decla-
ration, upoii the importance and riecessity of
which, to thepeople of Greece, it would be
superfluous to dilate, the iiiembei's of your
committee do not require to be informed, that
the struggle was first coiinnenced in Moldavia
by alGeneral in the service ofa Great North-
’ crn power ; and that although his proceedings
were subsequently disclaiined, and liimsell
disgraced, yet the irreproacliable character of
Alexander Ypsilanti, his bravery while ser'v-
ing in the Russian Ci-iiiipaigns, - and more es-
pecially the place of aid-de-camp he held a-
bout the person of his Imperial Majesty,
were pi'e-euiinenily calculated to createa be-
lief, that theinsurrcciion was tacitly approv-
ed by the cabinet of St. Petersbnrgn. This
alone was surely more than sufricient to ex-
cite the hopes of the_ Greek people, in the
western provinces, ifit did not stimulate them_
to fly to arms. Butirresistible as the call of
Ypsilanti certainly was,so little had the events
' iiilliallacliia aiidMoldavia been anticipated in
th.éA"lfIorea,that no preparalions_wIi.alover were
made for a rising ; nor was it until the massa-
cre of the venerable and virtuous P-.itriarch
Gregory, not to mention thousands of tinof-
fending Greeks at Constantinople and other
places, together with the incarceration ofall
ofthe Primates at Tripolizza as hostages,
andorder for disarming those ofthe people
who had been hitherto allowed to carry a mus-
ket, for the purposes of private amusement,
that they saw no alternative between resist-
ance and extermination. When Iadd, that
even the actual President, Mavroinie-liale,one
ofthe most opulent men in Greece, had npta
‘ single barrel of gunpowder in his possession,
on the insurrection’s breaking out, and that
morethat two thirds of the male population,
capable of bearing arms in the Morea, and
other points, ivcreniider tlierieccssity ol sal-
lying forth ivithoiit any other weapons than
sticks, I am ‘sure it perfectly unnecessary ‘to
say more, in order to convince your commit-
tee that the attempt to connect the Greek
struggle" with those events which contintie to
agitate the south of Europe, is as unfounded
as it is cruel!
‘ As to the excesses attributed to the Greek
soldiery, it would appear that the riuiiiber of
able and eloquent wr'iters who _liave advoca-
ted the cause of G-rcece,,,liave brought for-
ward such facts and, arguinents as must siitisfy
every impartial, observer, that these excesses, -
like every other subject calculated to_7preju-
‘dice the cause',liave been most wantonly exag-
gerated. The w'liole course of my pwn iiiqui-
ries enables me to confirm the fact: and in
repeating that the severities exercised on the
enemy were inevitable and unavoidable,....1_
shall ‘further add it as my most ‘firm convic-
tion’, that when all; the concomitant circum-
stances which led to the excesses at‘ Tripoliz-
za are made known, they will appear mild
when compared to_ those committed by the
best disiplined and most civilized troops of Eti-
rope,‘ in many instances, during the last fifty
'ye'.irs.’ ‘
In mitigation, too, of these ebullitions of
rage on ilie part ofthe Greek soldiery, it must
be remembered to what unequalled barbarities
they and all their countrymeii had been sub-
jected. \Ve have heard much on this stibject,
but M. Blaquiere assures us, that the half had
not been "told. ‘Mucli as your Committee has
heardconcerning the horrors perpetrated by
a race to whom the virtues of pity and benev-
olence are totally nnkiiown, and whose fund-
amental maxim of faith is to cxtirpate the V0.-
taries of Christianity, I am fully borne out in
stating that the -European public.is, as yet,
most imperfectly and inadeqiiately informed
on the subject. ' It istrue, the. public prints
have for the last three years teeiiied with the
recital ofinassacres and murders under every
possible shape and aggravatioii wliich the im-
agination can eoneeive———-inasszicres which
have consigned, in this short space, not less
than sixtythonsand ofonr fellow Christians of
every age and sex, to death, under tornients
such as history affords no example "of, and
who were, for by far the most part, the itine-
cent victimsof a merciless soldiery. But
have they disclosed. those indescribable hor-
rors, even worse than death, to which the’
helpless women and children of Greece have -
‘been exposed, before the moment of execu-
tion, or while in the hands of their oppressors ?‘
Would it be possible for the most able pen,or
eloquent tongue, to describe the scenes which
followed the cxecutioiis of the capital, at A-
_di-ianoplc, Salonica, Mount Athos, Sniyriia,
gain
the Scala-Nova, Aivali, Rhodes, Cyprus,Candia,l are,
and Scio ? It is impossible "to believe, that if
the nameless and innumerable atrocities com.-
mitted by the Infidels, whenever they could
even a momentary ~_ascendency, had
reached the knowledge-_-of a‘ nation wliosc an‘-
nals hear such consta-n't testimony to its char‘-_'
ity and co’nimis_seration for”the woes (-.Il'.._t)ll,l"e.I'_S',
‘no matter‘ what their clirne. or color-, it could
have been defe'rred froin coming forward at
an earlier period of this dreadful .c_ontest.—,—
Had the cries reached our country, of infants
torn from their motlier’s breasts and flung in-
to the sea, or dashed against the rocks, as at
Scio, and various other places-'-‘of -fathers,
husbands, and brothers, butchered before the
eves of mothers, wives and sisters, who were
themselves destined either to share a similar
fate, or be dragged into that hopeless slavery
-in which thousands languish at this moment ;
it is needless to say that e»very_,British heart
would have melted, and every British hand
been stretched out to succor or to save a per-
ishing community !’
It must further be remembered, in extenu-
ation of the Greek severities, that they were
.confined to the early moments of the struggle.
‘There is no instance on record siibs'eqiient-
ly to the capture of Napoli de Romania, one
of the first frtiits ofthe iriuinpli gained on the
Plain of Argos, in which the Greeks have not
completely disproved the accusations of their
enemies, by shewing every disposition to cori-
duct the war on principles strictly coiiforma-
ble to the laws of civilized nations, andtliey
have acted thus in the midst ofincessant prov-
ocation on the part of the Turks, whose ex-
cesses continue unabated to this hour. .
M. Blaqiiiere presents a very fiivorable pic-
ture of the virtues which so generally distin-
guish the domestic circle in the lower and
middling classes -of the Greek cominiinity,
the proverbial affection between parents and
children, relatives and friends; their abste-
miousness and industry, uneqiialled by any
other nation in Europe ; scrupulous regard to
relig_ious duties: and above all, ii disposition
to improve and acquire knowledge, which
cannot but strike the most superficial observ-
er. ‘A slight reference to the uiiceasingantl
persevering effort.~' made throughout Greece
and Asia Minor, during the last thirty years,
‘ to establish schools and colleges, as well as
the progress of those who are sent to study in
France, Italy, and Gerniany, fully prove the
latter part ofmy assertion: while the events.
of the pending contest would fnriiisli endless
illustrations of the foriner- The mode in
which the Greeks of every description minis-
ter in each other’s necessities in this hour of
trial and of siiflfering, is truly admirable ;
w‘hi‘st the readiness with which thonsaiids of
the hushandmen have returned to the culture
of the lands abandoned by the Turks, after
aiding in defeating the enemy, displays a de-
gree of flexibility in the midst of iiiisfortute,
that reflects the very highest honor on therm-
tional character oftliis singular people. ‘The
government devoted a part of its attention
and circumscribed funds to the establishuient
of Lancasterian schools, while the enemy was
still very near, and the means of subsistence
often wanted for the troops. The interest
(says Mr. B.) attached to this important su_b-
ject by your Committee, will not be a little
heightened, when informed that the seat of
Government lizid not been established at Tri-
polizza more than three weeks, when I had
the satisfaction of witnessing one of the larg-
est Mosqiies in the cityconverted in a school
on Lancaster’s principle at which above se-
verity children of both sexes, under the age of
ten years, were receiving instructions when I
quitted the Morea. Prince Mavrocordato
had already established two, almost in sight
of the Infidel forces, at Messiiloiiglii and Gas-
touni, previously to his attending the delibe-
rations at Astros.’
These facts close the details of this able
and zealous envoy. The resiilue ofhis com-
iiinriication is occupied in suggesting the
means best calculated to promote the Greek
cause in Britain. ;Tlieir chief want is money
——and to obtain this, he recuniinends an ap-
peal to religious coiiiinunitics—-and to the
woiucii ofBritain.
-»8@O«« .
From the N. Y. Daily fldr. qfN'o1.'. 12. A
FROM EUROPE.—Yestcrday afternoon
the ship Diamond, Captain Macey, arrived
below in the extraordinary passage of2S days
from Liverpool. By this vessel intelligence
has been received as late as the 19th of Oct.
from Liverpool, eighteen days later than our
former advices. - .
The surrender ofCadiz to the French is
confirmed. It took place, as was stated in the
accounts received by the way of Boston from
Gibraltar, on the 29th of September-—and
strange to tell, it was done unconditionally,
and as far as appears, without stipulations or
guaranty of any des'cription.' This throwsthe
Constitutional leaders into the hands ofthe
French‘; and what is worse, we fear into the
hands ofthe Spanish Royalists. The conse-
quences ofsticli a state of things may be easily
imagined. Riego has "already been coiideiii-
ned to death; and there is every reason to
believe-that his fate, will be followed by that
ofmultitudes ofotliers who liav_e been active-
ly engaged, in endeavours to defend and stip-
port the independence of their country.
The proclamation issued by the king after
his release from Cadiz,is a most extraordinary
document. It is not possible for meanness it-
selftodisplay more servilily than this misera-
ble tennis ball offortune has exhibited in ev’ry
situation in which he lnrs been placed. In
Cadiz, his state papers were warm and-indig-
iiaiit pliilippics against France, the Duke d’
Angonlcnie, and the Holy Alliaiice. Now,
under French giiardansliip, the Duke is his
august cousin, his former acis‘were' all per-
formed under duress, he has been enslaved
ever since the establishment of the Constitu-
ty. How are tlie- world toascertain which du-
ress is the most severe—tliatpfthe,Constitutiont
andCortes, or"-this under French bayonets and
the vengeance oflloyalisls and Ecclesiastics?
This notable article concludes by a sweeping
declaration from his niajesty,-.tlla‘t‘8ll‘lhe acts
ofgoverninerit since the establishmént Of the
cons't'itution are null and void. '-For atight we
can discern, our Floiida treaty must come un-
der this mighty _repealing clause. - “ -
Tlieroyal family appear to have left. Cadiz,
siniplyvbecause the ciinfusioiraiitl dismay were
such that no‘on‘e' hard authority to" prevent them;
On the 5d the French troops entered the city:
it was on the 1st that the King arrived at the »
F rench posts. ‘ _ A
Fifty thousand meii,_ ofthe French army,l
tion,-and is only now jus_t*res'tored to his liber- .
\
it is understood, to remain to occupy
Spain,.un_til-tlie ..establisbiiieiit_ of tranq_nilit_y
iindertlie K-regs governiiieiit.‘ The King is
not expected in Piadrld before,the 18th t little,
it is pY0b;ll)le{fi\Y_lll.b_e known of the purposes
of the party now. restored till then. 1
Tlie_Rege’ncy__liave, of course, dissolved :\.
they issued an address, reiiiarkable for ilie'c‘u-
riousiiiflation of its style and sentiinent. -'
Mina still continuesin arms, and "it is stip-
posed -will persevere in r_esistance.—He is a
true Spaniard, but one man cannot fight a na-
tion"-—-He will yield only to an overwhelming
force. Itis said he has \_V_‘_l‘ll_lel'l to the Regen-
cy, that the livesofa French lieutenant, of 2)
great number ofsuperior ofiicers, and ol two
I_’>l:Il')pS, wlioare in his power, shall answer
for that of Riego.
A deep interest is felt for Catalonia,‘ and
for Mina, 'Milans, Ro!ten, Lloberas, the
brave conirnanders, who almost alone are en-
titled to our praise, and whose fate will prob-
ably excite the sympathies ofthe public. Be-
'sides,Barcelona, Lerida, Hostalrich, and Tar-
ragona, and the Sen d’Urgel, are in the hands
of the Coiistitutionzilists in Catalouizi. There
are also on the coast ofthe Mediteraueaii the
strong fortresses of Carth_agei_ia and'.Alicant,
and the minor one of Peniscola, yet iinsubdu-
ed ; and.Ceuta, _the impregnable fortress op-
posite (1ll)l'alll:l|‘ is also garrisoiied b_v a Con-
stitutional force. On ivliat terms these pla-
ces will surrender, remains to be seen.
TlieKing issued a decree on the 4th Octo-
ber from Xeres, in wliic_li he forbids any indi-
vidual who has been a deputy to the Cortes in
the two last sittings, ‘to pr.eseiit hiinself or be
within five leagues of the route to Madrid.—-
All ministers, counsellors of state, and all per-
sons of note who held offices under the consti-
tution,areproliibited from ever entering the
capital, or approacliing within 15 leagues.
Madrid dates ofthe 4th October, announce
the arrival of at Courier, who cried out as he
reached the city, “the King is free, and all the
Royal family.” From one end of the town
to the other the universal cry was ‘Long live
the Bonrbons.’
Already the Bloody Inquisition has been
restored in Vzilladolid, and it is announced
that it was to be re-cstahlislied thro’out Spain.
The fort ofS,an Fernando, at Figueras, sur-
rendered on the 26th of September. The
garrison of 22,400 men are sent to France.
The fortress of Trocadero appears to have
been taken by the treason rifa Spanish Chief,
who had administered lai'ge quantities of wine
to histroops well mixed with opium. .
A galleon from Manilla, having a rich car-
go, and 9,500,000 francs on board, entered
Corunna, believing it to be still in the posses-
sion ofthe Constitiitionalists. The Royal au-
thorities took possession of her.
The French private accounts mention the
following occurrences which preceded the lib-
eration of the King. In an article from Port
St. Mary of the 929th, it is stated, that the
conditions demanded for the King's liberty
were to preserve for two months, under the
dominion ofthe Cortes, the Isle of St. Leon,
the city ofCadiz, and all the fortressestlieii
in possession ofthe Constitutionalists. '1‘liese
propositions were rejected. Valdez having
not defend the city, the Cortes held a public
sitting, in which ‘a message to the King was
decreed, to supplicate his Majesty to (feign to
open negotiations with the French Generals
on such terms as he should judge advisable.
The King answered he could not enter into
any negociatiori. A second meeting of ilie
Cortes took place, and a second message was
sent to the King, to which the same answer
was returned. A third meeting followed, but
this time only five Deputies appeared ;all the
others now concealed themselves, or were
wandering at hazard endeavoring to escape.
The most complete anarchy soon followed ;
butno violence was committed. At length
the members then composing the Cortes, and
the Ministers, accompanied by some leaders,
waited on the King: they threw themselves
on his Majesty’s clemency ; declared that he
was re-established in the integrity ofliis Roy-
al authorities, and conjured him to write to
the Prince commanding the French armies.
Count Torres soon after set out with the
King’s letter.’
Another account says, that of9t members
ofthe Cortes present on the 28th, 60 voted
for restoring‘ to the King his power, and have
received the accolade of his Majesty. The
Cortes then dissolved tliemselves. ' For the
last 36 hours the Isle of Leon was attacked
with the greatest vigor.
Grand II. Cadiz, Ocl. 5.—VVe entered
here amidst the zicclaiiintioiis ofa people fa-
tigued with the tyrrinny of the Cortes. The
grand lle2ltl~q\l&ll‘l€l'S set off to—in0rroiv to re-
turn to Mzidrid. The Royal Guard will cin-
bark, it is said, for Brest. M.Count deBour—
iiioiit will remain atCadiz with 8,000 men.
Ferdinand the Seventh places the greatest
confidence in the French ; he does not cease
’to speak ofliis gratitude for theKing ofFraiice
and the_Duke of Angouleme. ‘
»A letter from-an English gentleman at Ca-
diz, dated Oct. 2, 1823, describes the state of
the neighborhood as terri_fic._ After Ferdin-
and had been to cli'iircli after his liberation,
‘ all the dwellings of those marked. for Coti-
stitutioual principles became’ the prey ofthe
bloodthirsty ‘ Faithful,’ the houses of uiany of
our friends were raiisac'k'ed and pillaged, and
every thing which can contribute to freedom,
instruction, or improvement, instantly burnt
or broken to pieces in the streets, amidst‘ Vi-
vas’ and rejoicings ; some even ofthe higher
class and priests, encouraged to the commis-
sion ofthese deeds, Velanstegni, Orlando and
Padre Cainanio, being the most active.’-
‘ The Effervescence,’ he adds, ‘ among the
lower class of the people is intense ; author-
ised»to satiate. their passions, they hunt all
those who are compromised as blood-hounds
on the scent, and assassina-te them when dis-
covered. The state of the country is dread-
ful; it surpasses all description in anarchy,
confusion, and bloodshed."- "
The following paragraphs from the same
letter must attract notice :-— ‘
‘ The French dolittle to prevent these cru-
elties, but sliould.they depart, universal de-
populatioiiand desolation must ensue. The
French,we understand, have already sent fast-
sailing vessels to Teneriffe, Cuba,‘ and South
America, to summon them to ‘surrender to the
Allied arms, and return to unlimited obedi-
ence to King Ferdinand. ‘
The King of Portugal has prohibited the
entrance of all'Foreigii news'p:ipers into his
ltingdoni-
declared that the Constitutional flotilla could -
PROCLAMATION or" run KING or sraur.
The scandalous excesses which preceded,
accompanied, and followed the establishment
ofthe deinocratical constitution of Cadiz, -in
the month of March 1820, have been made
public and known to all my subjects. '
' The most criminal treason, the most dis-
graceful baseness, the most horrible offences
against my royal person—tliese, coupled with
violence, were the means einployedto change
essentially the paternal government of my
kingdom into ‘a democratical code, the fertile
source of disasters and misfortunes. ~
My subjects, aceustonied to live under wise
and moderate laws, and such as were coiifor-
mahle to their manners and customs, &. which
during so many ages, constituted the welfare
of their aiicestors, soon gave public and uni-
versal proofs of their disapprobation and con-
tempt ofthe new constitutional system. All
classes of the state experienced the miscliiefs
caused by the new institutions.
Tyrannically governed, by virtue $2. in the
name of the constitution, secretly watched in
all their private-concerns, it was not possible
to restore order orjnstice; and they could not
obey laws establislied by perficly and treason,
sustained by violence, and the source of the
most dread fiil disorders, of the most desolatiiig
anarchy, and of universal calamity.
The general voice was heard from all sides
against the tyrannical constitution; it called for
thecesszition of a code null in'its origin, ille-
gal in its forniation, and tinjnstin its princi-
ple; it called for the maintenance of the sa-
cred religion of their ancestors, for the i'e-es-
tablisliineiit of our fiindainenlal laws, and for
tlicpreservation ofriiy legitimate rights; rights
which I have received from my ancestors,
and which my subjects have solemnly sivorii
to defend. . --
This general cry ofthe nation was not rais-
ed in vain. _ ,
In all the provinces armed corps were for-
med, which leagued themselves against the
soldiers_of the constitnrion; sometimes they
_were conquerers; sometimes they were con-
quered; biit they always remained firm to the
caiisepf religionand the monarchy. _
Their enthnsiasin,in the defence ofobjects
so sacred, never deserted them under the
scou_rges of war, and. preferring death to the
sacrifice ofthose great benefits, ' my subjects
convinced Europe,by their fidelity and their
constancy, that although Spain nourished in
her bosom some unnatural children the sons
of rebellion, the nation in general was reli-
gious, inoiiarchial, and passionately devoted
to its legitimate sovereign.
The whole of Europe—ivell aware of my
captivity, and of that ofall the royal family,
of the deplorable situation of my loyal and
faithful subjects, and of the pernicious doc-
trines which Spanish agents were disseminat-
ing on all sides—resolved to put an end to a
state of things, which constituted a common
reproach, and which menaced with destruc
tion all thrones and all ancientinstitutions, in
order to substitute iiiipiety and profligacy.
France entrusted with so sacred an enter-
prize has triumphed in a few inoritlis over the
efforts of all the rebels ofthe world, collected
for the misery of Spain upon her classic soil
of fidelity and loyalty.
My august and well-beloved cousin the
Duke d’Angouleme, at the head of a valiant
army, a conqueror throughout all my territo-
ries, has rescued me from the slavery in ivliicli
I piiied, and restored me to my constant and
faithful subjects.
Replaced upon the throne of St. Ferdinand
by the just and wisehand of Providence, as
well as by the generous efforts of my noble
allies and the valiant enterprize ofmy cousin,
the Duke d’Angouleine, and his brave army,
desirous ofapplying a remedy to the most pres-
sing necessities of my people, and of manifes-
ting to all my real will in this the first moment
ofmy recovered liberty,I have authorised the
following Decree :—
.f1rt. I. All the acts ofthe government call-
ed constitutional (of whatever kind and des-
cription they may be,) a systeni which oppres-
sed my peoplc from the 7th of March, 1820,
untilihe Qlst of Oct. 1823, are declared null
and void, (leclai'iiig, asl now ilecl-are, that do-
ring the-whole of that period Ihavebeen de-
prived of my liberty, obliged to sanction laws
and authorize orders, decress, and regulations,
which the said governnient framed and execu-
ted against my will. .
flrf. ‘.1. I approve of every thing which has
been decreed and ordered by the Provisional
Junta of Government, and by the Regency,
the one created at Oyarzun, April 9, the oth-
er May 26, in the present year, waiting, iiiean-
while, until. sufliciently informed as to the
wants ofmy people, I may be able to bestow
those laws, and adopt those measures, which
may be best calculated to secure their real
prosperity and welfare, the constant object of
all my wishes. You may communicate this
decree to all the niinisiers. _
(Signed by the royal hand.)
Port St. Mary Oct. 1.
Jlfadrid, Ocl. 8.—The militia of Madrid 81.
Seville, who had been the most untractable,
have become humble beyond all example
since they have been disarincd ; they dare not
‘lift their eyes, as if they feared to meet the
expressions ofliorror which their rebellion 81.
their villianies have inspired.
A London paper contains an interesting ar-
ticle respecliiig the causesoftlie capture ofthe
Trocadero and Cadiz, wliich, says the editor,
serve to abate our ristiiiiisliiiient at these uti-
fortunate events. The following are extracts.
It seems that even the treacliery ofthose
"Generals who had been iutrnsted with import-
ant coiiiinands, has not been so ruinous to the
cause ofliberty, as the want ofenergy and tal-
em in those who were unquestionably faithful.
The inliabiiants of Cadiz, the militia, and the
troops ofthe line, were all well disposed tothe
Constitution—all brave, and perfectly ready
to defend it to the death; but the want ofsa-
gacity, the negligence, and even apathy of
their leaders. precluded all chance ofsiiccess.
As an illustration at once ofthe courage and
negligence of the Spaiiizirds, we will relate
what passed before and at the taking ofthe
Trocadero. Our account comes from an eye-
witness. '.l‘wo_d;iys before the surprise ofthe
fort, it.ivas observed that the French’ were
rapidly crossing the canal in two columns,
each nearly two tliotisaiid strong. The Span-
iards betrayed no kind ofalarni, bntput them
selves in readiness to meet the attack. Some
Englislitofiicers who were there advised them
to reserve their fire till the French should be-
giifto mount the glaces. The troops ofthe
gari-ison,.consisting of the Madrid militia and
lthe regiment San Martial, iiiiplicitly follow-
ed this advice—-thcy_ waited till the French
ascended t_lie.crest,._of the’-"glacis: they-ihen
poured upon them 'a fire of grape-and mus-
ketry,-whicli ‘made them-give way ; and then,
assisted" by tlieir-'Englislifriends, they dashed
into tlie.canal" after them, and reptilsedithe
two columns with the’ bayonet,,.wad'iiig up to
their necks in water. It might be supposed
that with such defenders the Trocadero was
safe ; yet two nights al'te'r\y_ards it was taken
almost without resi_s!an'ce,._,uiider circumstan-
ces the most huiniliating._ ;.~ _
The facts are these 3 a gifaid, consisting of
a Lieutenantand, aboutforly men, was placed
in that part of the fortress which was most
accessible from the canal. The men, who
hail been harrassed with 'i:'.oitstaiit_-labor. for
several days, and had not _the;.proper reliefs,
became completely exhausted, and. it ‘is be-
ing, -iii being exceeding dark, the Frencli
crossed the Canal, 'having their allies, the
Spanish Ultras in their front. The noise, in
some degree inseparable from the "movement
of so large ii body of men, just gerved to 3-
rouse a little the atteiitioirof the sleepy gar.-
rison; lint their alarm subsided when they
heard iliemselves carelessly addressed in the
"Spanish tongue with the phrase of ‘ Don’:
disturb yourselves; vveare ;.|| f.-tends} so
re-assured, they laid themselves down, and it
was not until after 'soiiie time that they saw a.
body of'inen in the garrison far oiitiiiiiiiber-
ing tliemselves. They took the alarm; the
bugle sounded to arms, and presently a body
of their friends came up and fired, but being
addressed in Spauisli by their opponents,‘wlio
asked them in affected astonislimeni ‘how
they could fire on their comrades, they be-
came embarrassed; and in an instant the cori-
fusion was rendered’ incurable by the arrival
of. a large body of French troops. Thus in
the confusion resistance was impossible, and
the French with scarcely any loss took pos-
session of the fortress. _
The article pgoceeds to show that the fall of
Cadiz was not to be ascribed to a want of pat-
riotisin in the people or the governinent, for-
‘ braver, or inore honest men than Calatrava,
Valdez, and Alava, do not exist ; but to the
utter igiioranceyofzill necessary details ofbii.-
siness, to sluggisliness of character, to want
of forecast, and, wliat will appear iiicredible,
but which was the consequence ofthe forego-
ing dcfects, their absolute wantofinformation
as to the eventsdaily happening in every part
of Spain. Add to this, they were for the
most part the dupes of Fcrdiuand’s aflectcd
protestations ofliberalisin, or, ifthey suspec-
ted_him, were afraid to act tipon their sus-
picions. ‘
Ferdinand,who is by no means the dolt that
he has been supposed in this country to be,
was all along playing a deep and cunning
game. After his arrival in Cadiz, he preteri-
ded to have changed his opinions on the sub-
joct of the Constitution: he professed the
greatest dislike of the conduct of the French,
and affected to fear that the Duke d’Angou-
leiiie wanted to be King of Spain. Th Min-
this artifice, though he was every day doing
what ought to have excited _tlieir suspicions.
He never went out, but walked for several
hours every day on the terrace at the top of
the palace,w|iere he had erected a tower from
which he was constantly looking out with a
telescope. Among his aniuseinents he daily
let fly a number of paper_kites of various co-
lors. Those who were best acquainted with
his Clmmcter, suggested that this was not done
for amusenient, but by way of signal to the -
enemy. One day a circumstance happened
that seemed to carry conviction of this point.
Five batteries had, on the ‘previous evening,
bcen.erected——two to the left, and three to
the right of the palace. ' Ferdinand was seen
the next morning to let fly five kites—two to I
- the left, and three to the right. This circum-
Slimce W88 mentimied to the Ministers : they -
said they could not interfere with the King’s
aiiiusemeiit; and it was not till after a long
renionstrance they consented, bv way ofdis-
concerting the supposed plan of the -King, to
let fly from lllC.(l(lj0l.l'illlg house kite after
kite, whenever his majesty was ainnsing hiin-
self witii that extraordinary pastime. The
day :_ifte_r this was done, the King desisled H
fl'.O_l'II.tlIlS mode of amusement, or COHIIIIU-«
nication. _ .' _ ,
The new Pcpe.—Cardinal Della Genga was
elected Pope on the 917th of September, and
has taken the title of Leo. XII. He is an I.
talian, born at the Castle of De la Genga,.Q.]
of August, 1760. The Journal des Debate
says he is a man ofgreat learning, accustom-
ed to business, and of irreproachable morals.
The ministers of the several members of
the Holy-Alliaiice in Switzerland, have re-
quired ofthe Swiss governments that they exf-
pel all the political refugees in their territory
and furnish them with passports only for the
United States ofAmerica, by the way of Bre-
men or Hamburg. A listof£’.00 was furnished.
Gru.:r:cr-:.—-The London papers contain the
following accounts, which they consider deci-' -
sive ofthe ultimate triumph ofthe Greeks.
The Turkish Pachas, Melinied, and Jussef,
and the Paclias of Scutaria and Larissa, with
large armies having formed a plan_of overrun-
ning the Pelopoiiesus and the other ‘Grecian
provinces, with the intention of bearing down
all opposition, the Greeks determined tolfiglitx
them in detail. Mehmed and his army were >
attacked at Sr. Susa and totally destroyed.-
This produced a revolt in Jussuft’s army, and
he hardly saved himself. The Pachas ofLa-
rissa and Scutaria, with 18,000 men, marclied
for Lividia, intending to co-operate with Jus-
suf, of whose defeat they were ignorant ;7-at
Liispi they found 2500 Helleniansin an en-
trenched camp, and in order to ascertain the-
force oftlieir enemies, remained inactive that
day, intending on the next to make an attack.
At this juncture the brave Bozzaris arrived at
the Greek camp with 340 Suliotes, and advis-
ed that they should fall upon the Turks sud-
denly in the darkness’ of the night. . ‘ '
‘ We can surprise tlieni,” said lie, ‘for they
do not expect to be attacked: and you know
that these barbarians iievertakeaiiy precau-
tions agaiust surprise. I have with me 310
Suliotes, ‘and I will, at their head, enter the
Turkish camp with no other arms but our
pistols and sabres. Do you,’ said he to the
Hellenians, ‘present yourselves in four differ-
ent points, and commence your fire ivhen you
are recognized, so as to distract_thc Turks;
and, if you secondinie, we will seize the Pit-
cha, alive or ‘dead.’ -
The proposal met univers.-i_l approbation, st.
Bozzaris was desired 'to lead the e‘iiterpri7.i:§
lieved fell asleep.’ About two in the niorn- ,
isters were weak enough to be the dines of -
Norwalk Chronicler