\
..‘:. I I i A i
__t....
From the London Tz'mcs Q/' Dec:-mbe*r2'1
on The rumor ‘or nvss1A,"lu~,'n tflrs CONDUCT
'ro‘w‘Anns ENGLAND. - -
The following observations were put together
upon the publication of the okase ofthe Etnperot‘
of Russia, dated in October last, t'egul'-Hing ll"?
commerce of the eastern coast of Asia, and the
north west of AmcI'ic‘.r. ,_.;T'h'ey- w‘cre'laid aside,
as the little attcn‘iion which it ‘attracted seemed to
stamp it a matter of no importance. Late events
have convinced the writer, that the view he took
of its importance was correct 3 he therefere sub-
mitsthem to your consideration.
The ttkase lately issued by the ‘Emperor Alex-
ander, in regard to the restrictions under which
he places the commerce of the northwest coast
of America, and the eastern coast of Asia, exhtb-.
its to a {.51-‘c'.tlt:t‘ degree the extended ambition of
the Russian ‘cabinet, than that polite Government
has ever yet thought it prudent, beforehand, to
disclose. The time, too. which has been chosen
to give publicity to this important document, is
not the least rema:kable,,circutnstance attending
it, as affording an alarming proof how little it re-
gards the opinion, or c_lrcatls the power, of Europe,
especially of this country. _’_ .
By me ukdsc every nation is torbtdden, whate-
ver may be their prior or preferable right, f0U|1d- ’
ed on discovery, settlement, or trade, to have any
' intercourse with the ‘north-west coast of North
America, as far South as the 5 lst degree ofNorth
latitude, "under the penalty of the forfeiture ofthe
cargo.-—But the etfectof the decree is not confin-
ed to this, for it extends the same penalty to _any
vessels found. within one hundred miles of the
forbidden coast '; thus laying down a novel and
monstrous principle, which, ifonce acquiesced in,
will lead to CCl'lS':q'.!€!‘.CC5 most alarming. to this
nation, as a commercial and naval power. There
wasa time when such an attempt would have
roused the Government and the people of this
conntry to a proper vindication of their rights.
and the law ofnations. .It is, however, readily
admitted, that those days are past, but still it may
' beim ortallt to point out the clfect of this decree,
as affecting; the honor and glory ol'Eng-laud.
\Vithin the bounds prescribed by the ukasc are
.many of the (liscoverics of our immortal Cook,
' a still larger proportion ofthose made by the
'*it'irjlefatig-able Vancouver and his zealous compan-
ions. The question has been asked before the
world, by the Government of France, through
_ ' fig;-jg‘ 5ul)5g'l'\’lt.“_lll journals-—\Vill England submit_
to this? To that Government the importance of
the principle involved in the publication cf this
ukase was seen at once; though by ours it has
been entirely neglected. Have they even consid-
ered, if Parry and his brave associates sll0tll(l1lC-
eomplish their daring attempt. \\'hether they are
to be subject to the penalties of this decree ? or
are they to be cxempted from its operation, thro’
the forbearance of Alexander, not to submit to
this overbearing attémpt to exclude us from seas
peculiarly our ovtn. _
The same provisions which are enacted as to
the north-west of Atnerica are excluded to the
eastern coast of Asia, as far South as 45 to 51 de-
gr,sestNorth latitude including within its opera-
tion a portion of the Chinese empire."
The real nature and effect of this decree seems
to have attracted no attention in this country, a-
gainst whose interests and com :1 erce it‘ directly
aimed, in a ‘manner so derogatory to its honor.
By a convention entered into between England
and the U. States in 1818, it was agreed, that the
boundaries of the territories of the. two states in
North America should be the 49 degree of north
latitude, as far west as the rocky mountains. Be-
yond that the country wasleft free to both, and to
third parties for ten years. The consequence ol
the Russian decree, is tlterefore, that our adven-
turers in North America are cut oil‘ from all con-
nexion with the Pacific Ocean, and of course from
all direct intercourse with China, the great mar-
l-;-.-l: for furs, the produce of our Cannacliun pro-
vinces, while the Russian and American trade is
preserved direct and entire.
It is not a little remarkable that this measure
should have been adopted immediately after the
publication of those excellent reports on the im-
pm-mncc ofour eastern commerce, made last Ses
____.a ’
her fa’v_or,_ and attached to her as subjects, will put
Austria as much under control as Prussia now is
_ by her occopationbf Poland. Introduced, as she
‘thus is, into the very heart of Europe, Germany
is rendered powerless, while she is safe on the
side of Sweden by the conquest of Finland.
But the charactcr.o_'_f her people renders her‘
ritory,’ the amount ofher population, or the equip-
ment and ‘discipline of her armies. Belonging
to a northern country, they are glad to visit more
genial climates; and, attached to the -name and,
power of Russia, they yet willingly settle where-
ever they are ordered. ‘With no desire of return-
ing home, they never loscthe character, nor for.‘-
get the interests, oftheir parent state. Contented",
though unemployed, no exertion or fatigue can
frighten _or discourage them ; thus rendering
them, as permanent conquerors, far more formi-
dable that the armies of France, who never could
be restrained front discontent but by action, nor
pleased butin the hope visiting their native land.
Such are the power and the projects of the
greatest empire which the world has yet seen in a
state ofcivilization, fitted tocall into action all the"
acquiremcnts of modern warfare, but not advan-
ced so as to feel or to know the a(lvantagt's of
freedom and independence--lit instruments of
conquest, with no desire to resist the wishes or
views oftbcir leader. The resources of the state
are immense, and the mea~.nt'os -of its Govern-
ment have been the same from the moment that
Peter I. called them into action ; the same, wheth-
er directed by a native or a forci,_s;n Cliicf, whether
by a Russian Prince or by at Gcrmazz lady. The
character ofthe present Czar gires a consistency
and vigor to the whole which it has never yet ob-
tained ; and the process of this ambitious power
:he stares ofEurope, which will not agaifl be spec-
dily resorted to. Such is the state of the world,
as wisely, deiihemtely, p(;l‘ll121ll‘:I]liy, and safely
settled with the concurrcnc“c of England, and
which she is bound by treaty to uphold. But un-
stable and l'ttlI‘.()":i=-S must ll-ruse compacts ever be,
where the interest of the ,“,‘-cog;-EL: a ‘-2 neglecrecl in-
ord:rto secure the power of limit‘ rulers. Anoth-
er time, it is hoped, we shall be wiser.
--Qvfi-—
From the .7V:"w- Y0?‘/c lWcrc:.'ntz'[c -./1'tt'vr1'tz'.9c7'.
’ In our last London papers, we find the follow-
ing account of the three men belonging to the
Essex, Pollard, of NantuCkct,'wlto have been sa-
ved and carried to New-South \Vales.
‘ Stnm-iv, JV’. 8. I’f"(1les, ./m1c9.—.ftlst as Captain
Raine was on the eve of leaving Valparaiso for
this part of the world once more, he was inform.
ed of a most marvellous all‘-air relating‘ to an A-
mcrican whaler, that had been attacked by a whale
at sea in so violent a manner as to occasion the ves-
sel to founder, and most ofthe crew eventually to
perish; something of whose disastrous history
we have been favored with. and will here present
to our readers. Captain Raine received inform-
ation that there were three men on Ducir-.'s Isl-i
and, who had preferred remaining there rather
than venture across the ocean in a boat, to which
the crew had been compelled to fly from the ship,
and he humanely determined to call at the island
‘on his passage, and take them off. Accordingly
on the 5th of April, Captain Raine, considering
himself in the vicinity of the island, kept a good
lookout. About 2 P. M. the island was discover-
ed, and as the vessel neared it, a gun was (lischar.
god, and shortly after the three poor men were
seen to issue frotn the woods. The boats were
presently lrm cred. Captain Raine taking one him-
self. On approaching the shore, it was found
not only dangerous, but utterly impracticable to
land, of which circumstance they were informed,
in weak and tremulous voices, by the almost s:-ar-
ved and nearly worn out creatures themselves,
who could scarcely from the miserable plight they
were in, articulate a S)'llul)lc:. One poor fellow
summoned up Cotlragc to plunge into the waves,
and with great (lillicttlty reached the boat; only
one of the others, he said, could swim. After
warily backing in the boat as near the rocks as
possible, amidst a heavy surf, they succctded in
getting on board, much bruised and laccrated by
repeated falls; which object was no soonereffccb
sion of Parliatnent by committees of both Houses, ed. than each dcvoutly expressed his gratitude to
sanctioned and promoted by the executive Gov-
ernment, whert-in the growing importance ofthis
intercourse is brought forward and enforced. But
this conduct upon the part ofthe Russian Cabinet,
and the con_r.‘.uct of our Government in acquies-
cing q-aictly in the insult that so ostentatiously
offered to us, becomes the more extraordinary,
when reference is made to the third report of the
Commons Committee on Foreign Trade, in which
the eiitcnsion ofour commerce with the north of
China is dwelt upon and recommended as an ob-
ject of great importance.
As to the tempest which actuatcs the Cabinet
of St. Petersbut-g_.;'n towards England,let that same
important report be consulted. But it makes one
almost weep with vcxation to reflect, that the re-
sources, the blood, and the honor of our dear na-
tive land-of this once proud and powerful peo-
ple—should It-ave been exhausted but to have her
degraded audinst.-lted by the former coadjutor in
Napoleon’s plans for our disttuction, and now fol-
lowed out in spite of our lloly Alliance, with a
steadiness that never sleeps, and with an earnest-
ness of purpose, and extent of means, truly a-
larming. V «
' In the East we perceive the commencement of-
her plan distinctly marked out. She has made a
daring experiment ; but, like other bold measures.
it appears to have put down all opposition. On
the frontiers of Persia, within a short distance of
the modern capiralof the Schah, she has a nu-
merous and highly appointed army. This army,
in the most perfect state of equipment, is notori-
ously ready to march-into Persia the moment the
present King dies--an event which, from his age
and infirmitins, cannot be very distant: an-d when
the dissensions of his sons will place the Russian-
power on the frontiers of British India. VVith
the same at-my she flanks Asia Minor, an easy
prey as soon as European Turkey shall be added
to her e,mpire—a measure no one nowcloubts she
will execute as soon as she thinl<'s“she has played
sufficiently with‘ Austria, and rendered herinca-
p-able of taking an active part against her. In-
deed, she knows full well that the occupation of
Italy by that Power adds so much-to the weakness
of her power as to render it’ ltarmless and without
effect, while the occupationof the ’l'urkishdo-
. . *1’ » . . 'hrl'._-€i~‘u!'
that benign Being, who has so wonderfully pre-
seved them from sharing in the destruction to
which theirunhappy shipmatcs had fallen victims.
These men are now with Captain Raine, and the
account they give of their disaster, may be num-
bered with one ofthose events that are without a
parallel in the history of man. They sailed from
Nantucket in the ship Essex, Capt. Pollard, Sec.
On the 13th Nov. 1820, they were among the
whales, and the three boats were lowered down;
the mate’s boat got stove, and had returned to
the ship to be repaired. Shortly alter a whale of
the largest class struck the ship, and knocked
part of the false keel off, just abreast of the main
channels. The animal then remained for some
time along-sidtncndeavoring to clasp the ship with
her jaws, but could not accomplish it ; she then
turned, went round the stern, and came up on the
other side, and went away ahead about a quarter
ofa mile, and then suddenly turning, came at the
ship with tremendous velocity, head on. The
vessel was going at the rate oflive knots, but such
wasthe forcegzvhen she struck the ship, that the
vessel had stern way, at the rate ofthree or four
knots; the consequence was that the sea rushed
in at the cabin widows, every man on deck was
knocked down. and worse than all, the bows were
stove completely in, and in a very few minutes
the vessel filled, and went on her ht-am ends. At
this unhappy juncture, the captain and second
mate were fast to a ‘whale each ; but on beholding
the awful catasrrophe that had taken place, im-
mcdiately cut frotn the fish.and made for the ship.
By cutting away the masts, the vessel righted;
the upper deck was then scuttled ; and some wa-
ter and bread were procured for the two boats,
in which they were compelled to remain, as all
thoughts of saving the ship were given up. In
expectation of falling in with some vessel, they
remained three days by the wreck, making sails,
Sec. but were compelled at length to abandon it,
and stood away to the southward, in hopes of get-
ting the variableiwinds, and experiencing line
weather ; but the wind being constantly from the
east’-Ind cast south east, they made much lee
way, and_ were prevented from keeping to the
southward ; in consequence ot which, o_n the 20th
1
more formidable even than the extent of her.ter- f
can only be checked by an appeal to the people of »
minions, with ‘the Greek population stirred up inj ‘Captain Raine took them, at which they remained
dne week; but the island affording hardly any
nourishment, in fact exhibiting nothing but steril-
ity, they resolved on venturing for the ‘coast,leav-
ing behind them these three men, with whose suf-
ferings, and those of their shipmates, we are by
this opportunity favored with an account; and
certainly they are poignant in the extreme.
—-Q0?-
Nuw-YORK. Feb. 5.
Pom-zxon.-—The January Packet ship Albion,
Capt. Williams, arrived last evening from Liver-
pool, which she left on the 4th Jan. There is no
news of importance in the papers.
Paris dates to tha 29th Dec. mention a conspi-
racy against the French government, which had
been detected at Saumur. Previous to the dis-
covery, it appears that a dreadful conllagration
took place on the 18th Dec. the causes of which
were not well ascertained. Five persons lost their
lives, and much damage was otherwise sustain-
ed. The plot had been some weeks in prepara-
tion. The intetrtionwas to obtain possession of
the castle of Saumur, but as soon as the military
made their appt-arancc, all their schemes were
ballied, and the principal ‘conspirators arrested.
PARIS, Dec. 24-.
- Letters from Semlin, dated the 6th inst. state
that on the 4th there arrived at Belgrade 8 cour-
iers in succession, from Constantinople. After
receiving their dispatches, the Pacha shut him"-
selfup in his apartments, which, with the Otto-
mans, notifies the occurrence of some great disas-
tel‘. _ '
Acccounts from VVarsat‘v of Dec. 4, state that
an ukase has been issued prohibiting freemason
lodges in Russia. They have been shut up since
the 15th of October. . ~
~P2rmtsnunG, Nov. 29.
\Vc have this instant received accounts of ex-
traordinary movoments which have been made by
the second division of the army. Every thing
indicates that the campaign uill shortly be open-
ed. According to the opinions of Generals and
Olllcers who have heretofore been in the wars a-
gainst the Turks, the winter, far from retarding
operations, is more favorable. to them than sum-
mcr. .
_ Oiit-;ss.\, Dec. 2.
‘We have news frorlri Constantinople to the 23d
Nov. The British and Austrian Ministers had a
conference with the Rois Effendi on the 23d, and.
also with the Sultan, to induce hlmto accept the
ultimatum of Russia but without effect. The,
Sultan is said to have replied that he never would
renew the privilege of the Greek nation, and that
they should continue to be treated as rebels.-—
VVhen the ministers were returning to Pcra, un-
der an escort, they are stated to have been insult-
ed by the people.
CONSTANTINQPLE, Nov. 27.
lVar against Persia, has been solemnly pro-
claimed in this capital. -
—-coo-— _
_ Ncw-Yonx, Feb. 9.
LATER.-'--Tile ship Robert Fulton Capt. Hol-
dtidge, arrived yestctday from Liverpool, whence
she sailed on the 6th January.
The British parliament assembled on the 3d,
and were further prorouged on the 5th of Febru-
ary.
There were rumours at London on the 3d, that
all the dillerences between Russia and the Porto
were adjusted, and the funds rose in consequence
to 78. The Courier states that there was not the
least foundation for the reports. The Times of
that morning remarks that the letters from Con-
stantinople by the regular mail. to the 26th Nov.
stated that the only remaining point of difference
between Turkey and Russia, relates to the sur-
render of prince Suzzo and other persons who
took refuge in Russia in the early part of the
Greek insurrection On this point the Sultan
was said to be inflexible. «
Loxnox, Jan. 4.—-The news from Turkey, is
not ofthat pacific character which the rumour of
yesterday taugltf us to expect.
The Dublin‘ papers of the 2d, represent the
disturbances in the south of Ireland, as having
near.y subsided. -
ODESSA, Dec 5.
At the interview of Count Lutzow, the Austri-
an miuister, with the Turkish government on the
22:5 Nov. he spoke strongly in favour of the Rus-
sian ultitszatmn. and endeavored to induce the Por-
tr: to adopt pacific resolutions. The Reis Ellen-
di replied that the Porte would not consent to the
evacuation of Moldavia and \_Vallachia, except on
the following conditions :....
‘ The Courts of Austria, France, and England
shall guarantee, that, after the evacuation, those
two Principalities shall not be occupied either by
Russians or Greek Hctarists. Those Greeks who
have fled to Russia shall be punishgl in presence
of Turkish Commissioners, unless Russia has de-
livered them up. The restoration of the Chris-
tian Cl‘ltll'Cl1cS shall not take place until tranquili-
ty shall have been re-established, and all the
Greeks shall have laid down their arms.’
\Vhen Count Lutzow expressed his astonish-
ment at this change of language on the part of
the Turkish Ministers, the Reis Elfcndi referred
to the orders of the Sultan. The Count asked
whether the Porto were determined on peace or
war? The Reis Effendi excus-:d himself from an-
swering that question, as the powers with which
he was invested did" not go to that length; be-
sides, added -he, the Sultan will do whatever he
pleases ; ‘and 90 millions of M ssulmans, with the
sword in one hand and the Koran in the other,
will know how to defend their rights against the
Christians.
Count Lutzow, when he returned to his hotel,
immediately dispatched an account of ‘the inter-
view to his Court. . '
Ssnonzu, Nov. 22.
At length the Turks have succeeded in taking
Cassandra, on the 12th inst. after a feeble resist-
ance on the part of the lnsut‘_s;cnts, who sulferetl
considerably. Abnl Labut Pashaw conducted the
attack; and, it is said, discovered traits of person-
al valour very seldom excelled, having put 18 of-
the rebels to death with his own hand : the num-
ber ofprisoners taken I have not been able to as-
certain, but it is given out that a vast number of
women (some say I0,000) have fallen into the
hands ofthe Turks : true itis, however, that up-
wards of 4,000 of these poor unfortunatcs have al-
ready bcen brought to this town, and are now ex-
ofbccember, they made the island from which
hibitcd for sale to the highest bidders l
CONGRESS.
Housr: o1=.Rm=1tzsEN'1‘A'r1vEs, Jan. 30.
The resolution oIi'ered yesterday by Mr. Net-
son, callingfor information respecting the South I
American governments, was read and adopted.
New Rules qf Procecdz‘ng.--The House took
up the resolution of the bcnate concurring with
the joint committee, reporting two new rules,
one of which is, that no bill shall be presented to
the President for his signature on the last day of
each session of Congress ; the other that no bill
shall be originated in either house during the 3
-last of the session. The rules were agree‘d lo,
./If:/zartiormzent Bill.--The house then resumed
the consideration ‘of the unfinished business of
yesterday. -Mr. Taylor modified his motion,
made on Monday so as to substitute the word five
in lieu of the word st-uen, after the word offarty,
so as to make the ratio offartyfiue t/zousand,-and
on that question he called for the ayes and noes,
which was thereupon ordered. The motion was
decided in the negative, ayes 6|, nays 118,
Mr. Randolph then moved to fix the ratioiat
302,000 ; when, after some debate, the House ad.
journed, without taking the question thereon.
Jan. 3l.—Mr. Burton submitted a‘ resolution
for inquiring into the expediency-.of repealing the
act of 1813, to encourage vaccination.
Sou!/2 ./Imericzm 1ndej1cndcnce.—l\’It'. Trimblc
laid on the table the following resolutions : if
Resolved by the Senate and House of Repre.
sentativcs of the United States of America, That
the President ofthe United States he, and [,3 is
hereby authorized and required, to aClil'l0Wl(xlq'u
the independence of the Republic of Colombia,‘
and by an interchange of accredited ministers, to
place the political relations of that gDVC['l')[n¢nt
with the United States, on an cqualifuoling with
those ofall other free and independent nations,
And be it further resolved, that such of the
Spanish provinces in South America, as have es-
tablished, and are rnaintaining-,theit' independence
ofSpain, ought, in like manner, to be acknowl.
edgedby the United States, as free, sovereign,
and independent governments. ~
The House then took up the bill melting an ap.
portionmcnt of representatives, agreeably, to the
fourth census. M r. Randolph's motion pl‘OpO5illt_-;
30,000, after an extensive debate, was negativcd.
Mr. Condict moved to insert 57, negatived. Mr.
Campbell moved 41, negatived. Mr.Nelson mo.
ved 35, ncgativcd. Mt‘. Farelly moved 38 ; Mr.
Edwards of Con. spoke at some length, in its fa-
vor, when it was dt-termined, by ayes and noes,
for it 50. against it 126. Mr. Ross moved to
commit the bill to a select committee, with in-
structions to fill the blank with 42. Mr. Taylor
proposed to amend the instructions, by snbsrim.
ring 47; but before any vote was taken the House
adjourned. ,
Feb. 2.—Among other petitions presented this
morning, was one from a society in Pittsburg,
praying a grant of land, to carry into effect their
views of teaching the Indians the arts Ofcivilizcd
life, which was read and referred to the commit-
tee on public lands.
Mr. Cannon called for the consideration of his
resolution relating to the West Point Cadets,
82c. which wasrefusctl-—Ayes 50, Nues 57’.
The ./1/2/1ortz'onmcm: Bill was again taken up;
and after a long debate, on a motion to re-commit
the bill, with instructions, the house adjourne ,
‘ab. 4-.—Mr. Eustis, from the Committee 611
Military Affairs, reported a bill in addition to an
act, entitled ‘An act to reduce and fix the Military
Peace Establishment ofthe United States,’ pass-
ed March 2, I821. {The first section ofthis bill
declares, that, alter a certain day, in lieu of one
Major General, with two Aids dc Camp; two
Brigadier Generals, with one Aid (le Camp each,
one Adjutant General, two Inspectors Gcnc"al,
and one Surgeon General,there shall be one Brig-
adier General, with one Aid dc Camp, to be ta-
ken lrom the subalterns of the Army. The oth-
er from the sections contain correspondent de-
tails. By the 4th section it is proposed to reduce
the rank of the Quarter Master General to that
of a Colonel ; and by the 5th section the oilice of
Commissary General of Subsistence is made pct’-
manent. By the llth section, the supernumr.-ra-
char'gcd._j The bill was read twice and commit-
ted to the committee of the whole.
Mr. Plumer’s resolution, calling for informa-
tion ofthe amount of the funded debt ofthe Uni-
ted States held in Europe for the last five years,
was taken up and adopted.
./If:/zortionmcnt Bill.—-The House then resumed
the consideration of the bill for apportioning rep-
reesntatives according to the Fourth Census.-
After various propositions to amend, to re-coma
mit, and to adjourn, the ratio of40,000 was adopt-
ed,and the bill ordered to be engrossed for a third
reading—Ayes HO. And the House adjourned.
Feb. 5.—Mr. Colden presented a petition from
Isaac Baker, of Ohio, and others, his associates,
stating, that, after many experiments, they have
succeeded in constructing steam carriages to run
on turnpike and other good roads, and praying
that they may have, for the term of tvr-enty-five
years,the exclusive right of conveying passengers
and goods by steam-carriages, on the Cumberland;
road free of toll; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on Roads and Canals.
Mr. Colden also presented a memorial of the
‘American Convention for promoting the abolition
ofslavery, and improving the condition ofthe Af-
rican race, praying Congress to prohibit involun-
tary serritnde in the newly acquired territories of
Florida, which was referred to the committee of
the whole to whom is referred the bill for the gov-
ernment of said territory. '
On motion of Mr. J. Johnson, of Louisiana. it
was Resolved, That the Committee on Naval Af-
fairs be instructed to inquire into the expediency
of employing a greater number of public Vessel-‘i
in the suppression of the piracies carried on a-
gainst the commerce of the United States: 8917
whether it is necessary to employ, arm and equip,
private vessels for this purpose 3 8"‘-‘l l‘°“" m"*"Yv
measures deemed necessary to give entire and
effectual protection to the persons and pt'opet'ty'ol-'
the citizens ofthe United States in the West‘ in-
dies and Gulph of Mexico ; and to inquire how
far it may be expedient to authorize the c_lesIt'uc-
tion of persons or vessels found at sea: 0" "1 ‘”““‘
habited places,'making war upon the commercfi
of the United States, without any regzular com-
mission; and how far, consistently with public‘
ry officers and men of the ordnance are to be dis-: '-
and in what manner, and to |‘t‘p0lt generally the '
1
Norwalk Chronicler