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SEVEN’l‘EEN'l‘I-I CONGRESS.
MEMBERS 01‘ THE SENATE.
JV. I-1”am/zsIzirc—David L.Mox-rill, John F.Part'.ott--
Jwassac/z_ztsetto'-—Hal‘l'iS0li G.Otis, Elijah H.Mtll3
C'onnc'ctz'cut-_Elijali Boardmau, James L3l’l_l,‘n3n-
Rlzodc Ist'tmd—Neliemiali Night, James D VVolf
Vermonit--Vvilliani A. Palmer. Henry Seymour
.7l/‘cw. Ym-k—Rufus King, Martin Van Beurcn
Jl/jJcr.3ey-—Mahlon’Dickerson, Sam’l L. Southaftl
iPe7z71.'.'ylva7zia-—— VValter. Lowrie, (one vacancy)
Delaware--Nicholas Van Dylte (one vacancy)
xllaryland--Etlward Lloyd, (one vacancy)
V1'rgz'm'a-——Janies Pleasants, James Barbour
./V2Carolina--Natlttmiel Macon, Montfort Stokes
S. Carola’/za-—-Jolin Gaillard, William Smith
Georgia--John Elliott, Nicholas V ’are
Kentuc/cy—RicliartlM. Johnson, Isliam Talbot
‘cmie.s.<:ec~—Joliti Williams, John Henry Eaton
0/lz'o--ljenjaniin Rtiggles, \'Villiam A. Trimblc
L01d.S'z°u7£a-—'-l’i<:lll‘_\’ Johnson. James B: own
Ir.-t[z'mza—-J.ttiies Noble, \V'.tl:.et' Taylor
_ fiIissz'.9.s~z'/1/zi—-Davitl Holmes. llios. l-l. VVilli:1ms
.Samuel Smith. Md,
Ill:'noz'.s--——Nitiiut'z Etitvards, Jesse B. Thomas
xllut-ama-Jollti W’ Vvallcetx VVilliatn R. King
fldai-rze--Jtzlitt Cltandler, John llolmcs
.Zl1’z’ssauz‘z’-—Davitl Ba:-ton, Tlzontas ll. Benton
Ii./[c'}'.".’bL’1‘3 of 1/26 I1'ou.9e of RC[lf€S("1t0ifUCS from
Corzm:crz’cut.---:\'nyes Barber, Daniel l;'mrto\vs,
Henry W’. E.iiWilltiS, John Russ, Ansel Sterling,
Ebenezer Stotldard, (‘sialnon Tonilittsoti. .
i'l-Ic.-2zbcr.s- from ./\/‘wzu-».‘t'u;'.l.'.—-—Cli;it‘lt:s Borland,
C. C. Cztntlttttelettg, Samuel Campbell, Alfred
Conkling, John D.Dicl'.inson,Joiin ‘xiobbarcl, John
Hawks, Tliomas fl. l‘lI,li)i'-)1-li‘(i. Joseph K.il'l§i'.tll(l,
Elijah Lilchficltl, Richard M’Cat‘ty, John I. Mor-
gan, _W'-alter Patterson, J}:t'emiah H. Pierson, Na-
thaniel Pitcher, ViVtlli-am D. Rochester, Cliarles
H. Ruggles, Peter Sharpe,’* Albert I-I. 'l'racy,
Solomon Von Rensselaer, Wm. VV Van VVyck.
R. H. W'al-.vorth, Silas \-Vood, David VVondcocl<.
* 1347'. S/tarfzc is Mr rc-tm'71r<1'7nc'7nbcr, but it is
said that Ca-'l7::u/[a(lc‘r D. ('.'o./a’crz is so c/carly enti-
tled to the sc:z.f, tluzt Afr. S. «will not ct"tu'm it.
The number of m(fl‘tli)Cl'fi of the I-louse from
each state, is as follows :--New Hampshire (5 ;
Massctclitisetts, 13; Rlmtle Island. 2; Connecti-
cut, 7; Vermont, 6 ; New-York, 27’ ; Nc,,-_}.,-,-.
sey, 6; Pennsylvania, 23 ; Delaware, 2 ; Mary-
laiid, 9 ;V7il‘_$§ll’lld, 23 ; North Carolina, 13 ; South
Carolina. 9; (Ls.-or-gin. 6 ; Kentttcky, 10; '11.“.
nessee,’ 6; Ohio. 6; Louisianti, 2 ; Itmiuna, 1 ;
M'l-"Sl~“3il-Fill: I ; Illinois, 1, Alttbauiu, l ; Maine
7; Misscttti, 1.
.Fl‘07ll I/zc ..’V'atz’0naZ IIztet't’1;-L,-‘erzcez-. q Trim;-tt'rzy.
'l‘he Sea.-;ion of L'.ongrcss commenced yester-
day, in cot_lfurmity to the constitutional pt-ti.-it-‘.0...
Our readers will discover, under the proper head,
tilt Slaw Of the contest for the Speaker-’s Chair
which every body had anticipated. After saver;
ballottings the House adjourned, without coming
too choice. The canvasss appears not to have
been quite as animated as that of the last session
which is attributable to the absence. in a s2;reat
‘measure, of the excitement produced by lll€‘Li\'.flS-
souri question. But whilst we rej«,-icie to see in
in this election ll0l.iliFl§1_' but a iltir competition for
an honorable station, it is suiliciently‘ ‘evident that
the feeling which grew out of tliestogitations of
the last and preceding sessions has ‘not,’ entirely
tlisappeatctl during the late long recess.
CoNc.REss.——-MoNi>.u', DECEMBER 5, 1821.
This being the day appointed for the com.
’mencem::nt ofthe lirst session of the sevent-tenth
Cong-r'ess, the two Houses assembled in their re-
spective chambcrs at the Capitol.
In the S;-narc-—-Tile President /zro Icm (Mr.
Gfllllarcl) took the chair at few minutes after 12.——-
Aftcr calling over the roll Messrs. Macon and
King were appointed at comniittee,joim],- with
such committee as should be appointed from the
HOUSE: "3 Wall 00 the President and inform hitn
that the two Houses were "assembled. and ready to
t'eCt:l\'t) any communication he might liavc to
make. W hen the Senate adjourned.
I" ""7" 11'f‘’’*’*‘'‘‘'' ’.’f13¢’.’:I‘c'scn!a!zvcs.——At 12 o’clocl;
the Clerk, ft-lr. Thomas I)nug|,,,,-ty, took hi,
place and called the roll. A lal'_i_{e majority oftbe
members btltlg present the clerk pronounced
that a quorum was assembl-t:d for the trans-.sction
of bus: ess. Du xiiotitm, mu ,{,_,u5e than D,-gcccd.
ed to the choice of a Speaker.
After seven unsuccessful ilililotlinggj of ,,.;,;C{,
the following is the result, the I-louse adjourned.
The number necessary to a choice was 31.
' lst Sd Sd 4th 5th 6th 7th
60 53 61 so (37 72 77'
29 S1 30 23 15 8
4.5 60 5! 69 72 65 59
2010 5 3101926
John VV. Taylor. N.Y.
Lewis M’Lanc, Del,
C. A. Rodney, Del,
Htigh Ncl:.ou,V'-.:. 5 1 2
John S;trgc:~ttit,Pcnn, 1 1
‘Wm. Lovt'titles, S. Car. 1
[On Tuesday the election for S[)eal{e1’[e[-min-
_ ated after four bailottinggs, in the choice ofa can-
didate not mentioned on Monday, Philip P. Bar-
" hour, Esq. of Virginia.],
5
.00 Wednesday. at 12 o’clocl:, the President
transmitted the following Mt«;ss.iGi: to both Hou-
ses of Congress :
[Yellow Ci!izc7z.9 of the Senate
and of t/zc House of Re/zrcsentatz'1;c.s-,
. The progress of our affairs since the last ses-
sion has been as may justly be claimed and C‘;.
pectcd under a government" deriving all its pow-
ers from an enlightened people,and utider laws
lorrned by their representatives, on great c()z)5jd.
l:l”dtlOfl,'iOf 1 e sole purpose of promoting the
wcliare and happiness dftheir constituents In
. the execntinniofthose laws, and of the powers
vested by the constitution in the Exectitive, un-
- -remitted attention has been paid to the great ob-
.‘ cause to be satisfied with the result.
jucts to which they extend. In the concerns
which are exclusively internal, there is good
_ The laws
have. had their due operation and effect. In those
relating to foreign powers, I am hapny to state,
that peace and amity are preserved with all, by a
strict observance, on both sides, of the rights of
each. _ln matters t0'uch_ing our commercial in-
lercourse, where a difference ofopinion has ex-
isted, in any case, as to the conditions on which
it 5h°"]‘l be l_’]3°€‘h each party has pursued its
°W“ P,°l'CYs Without giting just cause of offence
to the other. In this annual communication, es.
PI/e°.'aliY‘ when It is 2tddt'essed to’ a new Congress,
I 1:: it hole scope of our political concerns natu-
ra-ly comes into view; that errors, if such have
4
been comniitted, maybe corretztetl; t.-=
which have become manifest,’ maybe . .-, ;
and on the other hand, that measures which were
adopted on due deliberation,and which experience
has shown are just in themselves, and‘-essential
to the public welfare, should be persevered in and
supported. In performing thgs necessary and ve-
ry importtint d‘ut'y,_.I shall endeavor to place be-
fore you,on its merits, every subject that is tho’t
to be entitled to your particular attention, in as
distinct and clear a light as I may be able.
By an act ofthe third of March, 1815, so much
of the several acts as imposed higher (lulics.-.011
the tonnage of foreign vessels, and on the manu-
facturcs and productions of foreign nations, when
imporied into the United States in foreign ves-
sels, than when imported in vessels ofthe United
States, were repealed, so far as respected‘ the
manufactures and productions of the nation to
which such ‘vessel belonged, on the condition that
the repeal should take effect only in favor of any
foreign nation, where the l*‘.:~tecuiive should be
satisfied that such (li.~'ct‘iminating duties, to thc_
(iiS‘d(i\"c.l)ld;;t.' cftlie United States, last! likewise '
hccn repealed by such ntuion. By this act, a
proposition was made to all nations to place our
commetce with each on :1 basis, which-, if ‘M5
presumed, would be acceptable to all. Every na-
tion was allowed to bring its inatlul'.lctut'<;s and
productions into our ports, _ and take the
inr.nuft»ctttres and productions of the United
States back to their ports, in their own vessels,
on the same conditions that they might be traits-
ported in vessels of the United States ; ‘and, in
return. it was required that alike ‘clt;(‘.(li2llfllO(l'ti[l'()fl
should be granted to the vessels of -the United
States in the ports ofolher powers. The articles
to be admitted. or prohibited, on either side, for-
med no part ofthe proposed £1l’l‘al‘lg‘Cti‘lelll.. Each
party would retain the tight to admit or prohibit
such articles from the other, as it thought proper
and on IIS own conditions.
\«Vht.-n the nature oftlze comnierce bcttt'cenAtl_icf
Unite-d States and every other country was talgcn
into \ft:W, it was thought that this proposition
would be considered fair, and even libetal by eve-
¢"l' l)"*“’€t‘. The exports of the U. r.-zates consist
3‘cllt:l‘ziii_V of articles cftlie first necessity and of
raw niuteliuls in dcmun.-l for lct'ci;;tt inuiiufact:t-
"_i“5‘ Of .*§"°‘” i3'*ii‘1t l‘€(}tllI‘lt‘ig lor their transporta-
llnn muiiy vessels, the return for which, in the
m.un.l'::c‘tut‘es and productions of any foreign
C"”J"»'-3'?» CV61) when disposed of there to advan-
t'-l.£§_t—" may be bt‘0u;-git: in one vessel. This obser-
vationis more especially zlppljcaljll,‘ to those coun-
ll'lC.'-. froin which‘nmtiofactttrcs alone are impor-
l€<l: but it fllllllicst in it great extent, to the Euro-
pean (loniitiit)IlS of every E'.lrope:_m power, and,
in a certain extctit, to all the colonies of those
powers. In placing, then, the tray-ig;;.ltio:i precise-
ly on the same ground, in the tr:msportati:~.n of
exports and imports, between the United States
1‘-‘id Oihcl‘ C0U“l|"l'»’S. it was pr::surncd that all was
"lle"°‘i which Cmllfi 33:: (l~::;ircd. It seemed to be
the only proposition wltich could be (lE"-'lSt'f(l,\\'iili‘.ll
would retain even the seatbituice ofcquity in our
favour.
.‘ Many cotisidcrations of ;great vi-ciglit gave us a
right to expect that this COlltlill.‘lC6 should be ex-
tended to the Ct:-i()lli(3:-‘t, as r all as the Europe-.m'
tlominions, of other powers. '*,V‘uh the latter, es-'
peciully with countries exclusively rnanufacturing,
the advantage was tnatiifestly on their side. An
indcniuity for that loss was expected from a trade
with the colonies, and. Will] the greater reason,
as it was known that’ the nttpplies wl'.ir:h the colo-
nies tlcrivctl from us were of the lziglicst impor-
lémce ‘'3 ihfimt their labor being bestowed with so
much gt‘eater profit in the cultute of other arti-
Ck‘-5) illld UCCHUSS. lil;t=;~:vi<.e, the articles of which
those supplies consisted, f-r)rhiing- so l:it'f;e apro-
portion of the exports of the United States, were
never admittetl into any of the ports of liurope
except in cases of grcztt eniet-gt-nry, to avert a se-
rious C'tli'.lnll'._‘,'. Wlicti no article is adttuttcd
which is not rcquiretl to supply the wants of the
_l""“'l)' “*'i“'1il'-l1l.i‘,' ii: and atlrnitted then, not in la-
"°_“ °f"“‘Y l’i"«'Uil¢U‘ COUntI‘}',- to tilt: (ilS'.l(l\’ull'.Z'.3{t:
of others, but on Ct)i'l(iillt)l'lS equaiiy applicable to
63-“; it seems jtz-zt. lfld-'. the al'(lCi15lill1S admitted
ill‘--ii in‘-’liL‘Cl sh-:‘wt'«l be carried :hith:r in the vessel
of the cottutty ~.‘-..'l'u."<l§t‘._-:;~ such supply, and that the
"“‘”l"‘,°'3“.“' -‘vhuulcl he iound in a cnrrt-.sp«;triding
accomz‘.-i0t:ztii:.-n on ll‘tt.‘- ozlter By allowing
eztcli patty to ;;.‘::':it'ip.;£c in the ‘-.r..-.tsput'tati<)tt of
SLlCil $Ul)j)iit::.. U!) l'l3t‘f [);:,_;‘3;;::;;[ of (gq ,3] tonpagc
at stt:oztgpt'oot' was allot-tied of an £'t(.'C:)Y.Tlflltv(i'dliI_)g
spirit. Fo etbuudr:-:1 to it the l.l‘l,lll:;pt')l‘id-itill of the
whole would be a sacrifice which ought not to be
*«‘xl39Cl€fl- The derrtzznd, in the present instance,
would be more unrcasotiahle in cotisitleration of
the inequality existing in the ti‘-ad'e with the pa-
rent country. )
Such was the bat-:is of our system, as establish-
ed bl’ tilt? 3Cl Of 1315, and such l‘-.S true charac;
ter. In the year in which this act was passed, a"
treaty was concluded with Great Britain. in strict
conformit_v with its principles, in regard to her
l:‘.ur0pe.m dominions. - To hut‘ colonic-s however,
in the West Indies and on this continent, i! was
not extended, the British Govet'tm'tent claimitlg
U18 ¢XC1U5l\‘€ Supply of those colonies, and truth
our own P0|'l5> and ofthe productions of the col-
onies, and in return, in her own vessels. To this
claim the United States could not assent, and in
ct)nsequetice, each party suspencfed the’ inter-
course in the vessels of the other", by a prohibi-
tion, which still exists.
The same conditions were ot“r'eretl to France,
but not ttcecptct. Her Government has deman-
(iL‘(l.0li'lt‘:l'CL)Z)£illlOllS, more fttvor-able to her navi-
gation, and which should also give ciitraortlinury
c.t’tCt)ut‘tIg‘emcnt to her inantifacttires and produc-
U0HSs "1 the ports cf the United States. To
these it was thought improper to accede, and in
consequence the restrictive rcgulations,ivhich had
been adopted on her part, bcitlg countervailed on
the part of the U. States, the direct commerce be-
tween the two countriesin the vessels ofeaclt par-
l)’: 1185 been in a great measure suspended. It
is much to be re_s;relted that although a negocia-
ttotrltas been long pending, such is the diversity
of views entertained on the various points which
have been brought into discussion, that there does
not appear to be any reasonable prospect of its
early._conclusion. ~ 7" ' ‘
It IS my duty to state, as a cause of great re-'
gI‘6t,_lh_at very serious diffct'ences have occurred
in fithis negociation, respecting the construction of
the tlrh article of the Treaty of 1803. whereby
Louisiana was coded to the United States, and
f £r'.a:r ‘vis_e.r‘espectin‘g the seizure of the Apollo in
'-‘if , for a violation of our revenue laws. The
claim of the government of France has excited
-not. less surprise than concern, because there does
not appear to be a just foundation for it, in either
instance. By the 8th article ofthe treaty refer-
red to, it is-stipulated that, alter the expiration of
12 years, during which it was provided, by the
7th article, that the vesselsof France and Spain
should be admitted into the ports of tlic ceded ter-
ritorywitliout paying higher duties than were
paid by the citizens ofthe U. States, the ships of
Ft-ance should forever afterwards he placed on a
footing with the most favored nation. By‘ the ob-
vious construction -of this article, it is presumed
that it was intended, that no favour should be
granted to any power in those ports, to which
I-“rance should not ‘be forthwith entitled : nor
should any accommodation be allowed to another
power on conditions, to which she would not also
be entitled upon the same conditions. Under this
construction-, no favor or accommodation could be
granted, to any power to the prejudice of France.
By allowing the eqoivalt-.nt.ztllo\ver.l by those pow-
ers, she would always stand, in those ports, on the
looting of the most favored nation. But if this
artitzle-shoul(l be so construed asthatFrance should
enjoy of riglit, and without paying the equivalent,
all the atlvatttages of such conditions, as might be
allowed to other powers, in return for important
concessions made by them. then the whole chur-
dCii:l' of the stipulation would be changed. She
would not be placed on the footing of the most fa-
-ored nation, but on a footing held by no other
nation. '
As little cause has the Govern mom of France to
complain of the seizure. of the Apollo,und the re-
moval of other vessels, from the waters oftbc St.
Marys. It will not be denied, that every nation
has a right torcgulate its co_mmercialsysten1, as it
thinks fit, and to inforce the collection of its rev-
enue, provided it be done, wi~.hout an invasion of
the rights of other powers. The violation of its
revenue laws is an ollcnce, which all nations pun-
isli:--the punishmen: of Wi‘-.lCl1, gives no just
cause of complaint, to the power to which the of-
fenders belong, provided it be extended to all e-
qually. In this case, every circumstance which
occurred, indicated a fixed purpose to violate our
revenue laws. Had the party intetidcd to have
pursued a fair trade. he would have entered our
ports, and paid the duties ; or had he intended to
have carried on a legitimate circuitous commerce
with the U. States, he would have entered the
ports of some other potter, landed his goods at
the custom house according to law, and rcship-
ped and sent them in the vessels of such power,
or of some other power which might lawfully
bring them, free from such duties, to a port ofthe
U. States. But the conduct of the party in this
case was altogether diffcreiit. He entr.-red the
rivet‘ St. Maryls. the boundary between U. States
and Florida, and took his position on the Spanish
side, on which, in the whole extent of the river,
there was no town, no port, or custom house, and
scarcely any settlement. '1-lis purpose, therefore,
was not to sell his goods to the inhabitants of
Florida, but to citizens of the U. States, in ex-
change fortbcir productions, which could not b:
done without a direct and palpable breach of our
laws. It is known that a regular systematic plan
lrad been formed by‘ cet:‘taitig_o.thetj persons for the
violation of our revt:t‘:ue.s‘ystem,' wliich made it the
more necessary to'cliec‘lt'.-t’lie'"proceeding in its
commencement. * * *
The principles of the system of reciprocity,
founded on the law of the 3d of t\larch, 1815, have
been since carried into ell}.-ct, with the ltingdom of
the Netherlands, Sweden, Prussia. and with Ham-
burgh, Bremen. l..ubecl~: and Ol(l::nbuI‘g, with a
provision made by subsequent laws. in regard to
the Netherlands, Prussia,i1'ambnrghand Bremen,
that such produce and manufactures, as could
only be, or most usually were, iirst shipped from
tilt; ports of these countries, the same hciti,f_.{it‘1t-
ported in vessels, wholly l)clrtti,;i:tg to their sub-
jccls, should be considered and aclmitted as their
own manufactut'cs and productions.
The government of Norway has, by an ordin-
ance, opencd the ports ofthat part of the domin-
ions of the king of Sweden to the vessels of the
U. States, upon the payment of no other or high-
er duties, titan are paid by litfi-I‘-ll)l"vVCgi‘¢ll| vessels,
from whatever place at'rivir.g, and with whatever
articles laden. They have requested the recip-
rocal allowance for the vessels of Norway in the
ports of the U. States. jts this privilege is not
within the scope of the act of the 3d of March,
1815, and can only be granted by Cmigrcss ; and
as it may imolvcthc commercial relatiotis of the .
Union with other nations, the subject is submittctl
to the wisdom oi Congress.
I have presented thus fully to your view our
commercial relations with other powers, that, see-
ing them in detail, with each power, and know-
ing the basis on which they rest, Congress may
in its wisdom decide, whether any change ought
to he made, and, if any, in what respect. Ifthis
basis is unjust or onrcasona'ole, surely it ought to
be abandoned; but if it be just and reasonable,
and any ‘change in it will in-.-the concessions sub-
versive of the principles of equality. and tending
lll its consequences to sap the found.t'tions of our
prosperity, then the reasons are equally strong,
for adhering to the ground already taken, and Sup-
porting it by such further regulations as may ap-
pear to be proper, should any additional support
be I]6CC:Sd.l‘y. -
The question conceining the construction of
the first article of the treaty of Client, has been,
by a joint act of the Representatives ofthe United
States, and of Great Britain, at the court of St._
Petersburgli, submitted to the decision of his Im-
perial Majesty, the Emperor of llttssia. The re-
sult of that submission has not yet been received.
The commissioners under the 6th article of that
treaty not having been able to agree upon their
decision, their reports to the two governments,
conformably to the provisions ofthe treaty, may
be expected at an early day.
VVith Spain, the treaty of February 22d, 1819,
has been partly carried into execution. Posses-
sion of East and VVest Florida has been given to
the U. States, but the officers charged with that
service, by an order from His Catholic Majesty,
delivered by his Minister to the Secretary of
State, and transmitted by a special agent to the
Captain General of Cuba, to whom it was direct-
ed,‘ and in whom the Government of those Pro-
vinces was vested, have not only omitted, in con-
travention of the orders ot their sovereign, the crument of Silvio; guidfid bl’ ¢“il‘5‘1'-‘?‘?°‘i “W my
l
peitfurtnance of-the express stipulation, deliver
over the archives and documents relating to the
property and sovereignty of these provinces, all-
‘of which it was expected would have been deliv-
ered, either before or when the troops were willi-
drawn, but clefeaterl, since, every effort of the U.
States to obtain them, especially those ofth. '‘
test importance._ This omissionlialsc
to several inciderits of a painful natur'
acter of which will be fully discloséil b
mcnts which will hereafter be communicated.
In every other circumstance the law of the 3d
of March last, for carrying into effect that treaty
has been duly attended to. For the execution of
that part which preserved in force, for the»govern~
ment of the inhabitants, for the term specified, all
the civil, military, ‘and judicial powers, exercised
by the existing government oftliose pi-ovitices. an
adequate number of officers. as was presunicd,
were appointed, and ot‘(l(:t‘ed to lllCll"l‘L‘.‘.t})t:CllVt‘.'
stations. Both provinces were formed into one
territory, and a governor appointed for it, but, in
consideration of the pre-existing division, and of
the distance and dilficttlty of communication be-
tween Pensacola, the residence of the Governor
of VVest Florida, and St. Augustine, thatjof the
Governor of Iiastlfilorida, at which places, the
inconsidcrahle population of each prmince was
principally collected, two Sccrctttries were ap-
pointed, one to reside at P-_-nsucola, and the oili-
et‘ at tit. Augustine. Due attention was lil«;<:\"-isc:
paid to the execution of the laws of the U. Sttttcs
re|atin_o; to the revcnu<:,und the slave trade, which
were extended to those provinces. '1 be whole
territory was divided into three collection dis-'
tricts, that part lying Between the rivet‘ St. Ma-
ry’s and Cape Florida, forming one, that from the
Cape to the Apalachicola another, and that from‘
the Apalachicola to the Perdido, the third.-—'l'o_
these districts, the usual number of revenue oili-
ccrs were appointed, and, to secure the dire opera-'
tion of these laws, one jtirlge and a district attor-
ney were appointed, to reside at i"et'ts'.:*t.ola, and
likewise one jtidge and a district attorney to re-
side at St. Augustine, \'.'i‘.h a specified botindary
between them; and one marslial for the whole,
with authority to appoint a deputy. In carrying
this law into effect, and esp-ccially that part ofit
relating to the powers of the existing goterninent
of those provinces, it was tltotigltt important, in
consideration of the short term for which it was
to operate, and the rau‘ical change which would
be made at the. appt'oacliiti;-_.; session of Congzress,
to avoid expcnce, to make no appointment which
should not be absolutely necessary to give effect:
to those powers to withdraw none ol'ottrt.citizetts
from othcrptzrsuits, whereby to subject the gov-
ernment to claims which could not be gratifietl,
and the parties to losses, which it would be pain-
ful to witness.
It has been seen, with much concern, that, in
the performance of these duties, :1 collission urosc
between the Governor of the territory, and the
judge appointed for the western distttict. It was
presumed, that the law under which thistrausito-
ry government was organized, and the commis-
sionswltich were granted to the cliicers who were
appointed to execute each branch of the system,
and to which the commissions were adapied,
would have been understood in the same sense",
by them, in which they were mtdcrstood ‘by ‘the-
Executivc. Much allovvatice is due to.ofl'icevs
employed in each branch of this system, and the
more so, as there is good cause to believe that
each acted under a conviction that he possessed
the power which he undertool; to e:;erci.~:c. Of
the officer, holding the principal stations lllillk
it ‘proper to ob.-erve that he acccpicd lt'Wl’.ll- re-
luctance. in compliance with the snvttattcn given"
him, and from a high sense of duty to his coun-
try, being willing to contribute to the consumma-
tion of an event, which would ensure con-3:l':l,.t
prmectlon tr, an impmtant part of tr-tir Union,
which had stiffened mt-ch frotn lnCUl'S.l(.-‘:1 and in-
vasion, and to the defence of which his very gal-
lant and patriotic services had been so sigually
and usefully devotetl. From the itittinsic ditllcul-
ty' of cxecutitig laws deriving their origin from
different sources, and so essentially different in
many important circti mstances, the atlvarliage,
and, indeetl, the necessity, of €.'SlL‘~.i;iislllllg, as soon
as may be practicable, :1 well ti:-g;:nized §;ove2n-
nient over that territory, on the principles of our
system, is apparent. This subject. t‘-tt'!‘€f0t'L'a is
rccommcndctl to the considercttiou ofCong;:t~.ss.
In contpéiaiice with an injunction of the lttwof
the 3d of l‘v'larcli lost, 3 C0lIlmi5SiOnt‘l'S have also
been appointed, and a board organized, for curry-
ing into effect the llth article cfthc treaty t-:l)ovt;
recited, malting provision forthe paynict_.ttof such
ofour citizens as have well found claims on Spain,
of the ehat'actet'specilied by that U‘ei1lY- This
board has entered on its duties: alld made 50"“?
progress therein. The Commissioner and Sut-
veyor of his Catholic Majesty, provided for by the
4th article have not yet '.t:-rivetl in the U. States,
but ate soon expecttid. As soon 2-‘.5 they do ar-
rive, C0l'l'e5j)()ll(li.l:l.; uppoitittnents will be made,
and every facility bu alfordcd for the due extcu~
tion ofthis service. _
Tlic l$O’G’Cl‘lifiltlli of His Most Fttitliful Maj:-sty
SlllC:: the termination of the last session of Cor.-
gt-css, has been removed from Jaiieitoto Lisbon,
where a revolution, similar to that which had oc-
curred in Spain, had in like manner been sanc-
tioned by the accepted attcl pledged faith ol the
l‘t:l'-°)'lli.llg‘ t\i.;n'.trcli. The diplomatic intercotzrsc
between the United States and the Portugttcse
dominions, interrupted by that important evcph
has not yet been resumed, but the change of In-
ternal administration, having already m-.tsertally
affected the commercial intercourse oflhc Uliitlftl
{states with the Portuguese domiuions, the rcnctv-—
al of the public missions between the trio coun-
tries appcars to be advisable at an early day.
it is understood that the colonies in South A-
merica have had great success during the present
year, in the struggle for their independence: 'l‘lle_
new govern mcnt ol'Columbia has extended its ter-
ritories and COl‘l$l(i::l‘ui)l}‘ uugruentetl its stlettgth,
and at Buenos Ayrcs, where civil -zli.-:;t.-ntion had,
for some time before prevailed. g!‘€'~ti€’—‘ 5711-'Y_T1f3"Ir'i
and better order, appear to have been “e:sl.aiJ.li5ll(:(l.-
Equal success has attended their efforts in. the
provinces on the Pacific. It has long~bcsn man-
ifest that it would be impossible for .:~pa2r to re-
duce these colonies by force, and equally 50:13?“
no conditions, short of their independence, would
be satisfactory to them. It may therefore be pre-
sumed, and it is earnestly hoped» till“ ii“: §"“"
‘ docu-
,r
Norwalk Chronicler