A
', I _nt;vv-or-oral; "'coNs1iiit§,ti'rto1~t. ‘* ’_
(coNcLun*nn.. ' '- _ _V
i\~--..\,Art. V. l. Tl‘li’t':‘ coutftjlbr. the trial of »im-.'
~ peaehmebts, and ,tbe.,.c”orrectioii of errors‘, shall
‘_‘ ~ i ‘consi,s,t’cf' th'otpt‘esident of the senate, the senators,
I the chancellot',?int¥—jItstices of ‘the supreme court,
. .0, ¢_1,¢‘,jms,tj'or part-ofthem; but when an impeach-
"'~me'nt shall be prosecuted’ against the chancellor,
or any justice of_the_ supreme court, the person
so »impea‘che'd ‘shall be stfspetrded from ex-
ercising his ‘ office until his acquittal : and
when an appeal from» a decree _' in .chancery
;shall be » heard, the. chancellor shall ‘inform the
court ofthe reasons for his decree, but shall have
no voice in the final sentence ; and when a writ
of error shall be brought on a judgment ofthc su-
preme’ court, the justices of that court shall as-
sign the reasons for ‘their judgment, but shall
not have a voicefor its aflirmanceor reversal.
§2. The assembly shall" have the power of
impe-achi._ng all civil officers of this state, for mat
I‘ and corrupt conduct in ollice, and for high crimes
and msidemeanors ; but a majority of all the
members elected shall concur in an impeachment.
Before the trial of an impeachment, the members
‘of thecojurtgsltall take an oath or affirmation, tru-
ly and impartially to try and determine the charge
V in _question, according to evidence; and po per-
son shall be convicted without. the concurrence of
~--:_the niembets present. Jtttlgmertt, iui-cases of
.-.‘..‘.t
‘: ' \
‘impeachment, shall not extend. farther. than the
removal from oliice and disqualification to hold
and enjoy any oflice ofliiotrorgitrusuorprofit "tiri-
der t_his state {but the party convicted shall be
liable to indictment and punishment according to
law. , -
§3. The chancellor andjudges of the supreme
_court shall hold their offices during good behav-
our, or until they attain the age of 60 years.
§ 4. The supreme court shall consist of a chief
justice and two justices, any of whom may hold
the court. __ -
§ 5. The state shall he d_ivide.d, by law: in“)
a convenient number of circuits, not less than
four, nor exceeding eight, subject to alteration,
by the legislature, from time to time, as the pub-
‘ lic good may require ; for each of which, a- circuit
judge ‘shall be appointed, in the same iilaunel‘,
and hold‘ his oliice by the same tenureas the jus-
tices of the supreme court‘; and who shall pos-
' sass the powers ofa justice of the supreme court
at-chambers, and in the trial of issues joined in
- the supreme court, and in courts ofoyer and ter-
' miner and jaildelivery.—-—And such equity powers
- may be vested in the said circuit judges, or in
the county courts, or in such other subordinate
courts, as the legislature may by law direct, sub-
‘jcct to the appellate jurisdiction of the chancellor.
§ 6.4 Jtltlges-of the county courts, and recorders
of cities, shall hold their offices for five years;
but may be removed by the senate on the recom-
mendation of the governor, for causes to be stated
in such recommendation.
_ § 7. Neither the chancellor norjustices oftbc
supreme court, nor any circuit judge, shall hold
any other oflice or public tru:-.t. All votes for any
H elective office, given by the legislature or the peo-
ple, for the chancellor, or a justice ofthe supreme
court, orcircuit judge, during his continuance in
. hisjudicial oflice, shall be void. -
Art. § 1. Members of thelegislature, and
all ofiicers,_executive and judicial, except such in-
ferior offices as may by law be exempted, shall,
before they enter on the duties of their respective
offices, take and subscribe the following oath or
g aflirmation : I do solemnly swear,’ or affirm, {as
I the case may be,) that I will support the consti-
tution of the United States, and the constitution
’_ of the state of New-York ; and that I will faith-
fully discharge the duties of the ofiice of ac-
cording to the best of my ability.
And no other oath, declaration, or test, shall
be" required as a qualification for any office or
public trust. .
~- Art. VII. § 1. No member ofthis state shall be
disfranchised, or deprived of any of the rights or
privileges secured to aflnycitizen tl_iereof,utile:«.s by -
the law of the land, or the judgment of his peers.
" A -.§ 2. The trial by jury, in all cases in which it
-:ha'§—- heretofore beenused, shall remain iuviolate
_.forever ; -and no new court shall beinstitutt-d,l)ut
such as shallp‘roc'eed‘according to the bourse of
tbecommon law ; exceptsuch courts of equity as
:_.~th_e legislature is herein authorised to establish.
_§.3-.2 "flit: free..exercise and enjoyment of rel_i-
gious profession and worsbip,’without discrimin-
ation or pre'ference, shall forever be allowed in ,
.,-this statc,:to.all mankind ;»but the liberty of con- '
_ scienc'e~hei-eby secured, shall not be so construed
» 7 . as tqexcuse actsvoflicentiotisness,“orjustify prac-
’“ticeS'S‘5.fi.Consistent with the peace of this state.
~ § 4'. 'whe‘r,_eas the ministers of the gospel
art=.'.:‘3.l-.?..li.'.».-.lb.§,iI_' p'_i‘ofessioii, dedicated tothe service
of;God, and the care of souls, and ought not to be
dit/cried fromithe duties of theirfunctions ; there
.. --fo.t'e,-no-ministerof-the"gospel, gory priest of any
*U‘_ I denomirr-.ttiE§ii wflralsoe:ver,_sliall at any time here-
" .al'ter, under‘ any p_re'te,nc,e,t_)'_t"_ description whatever-,
"be“éligibl'e_‘lo, or capiable:To'f holding any civil or
4 "'1'niilit'ai*yjoffice,,or placeflvithiti this state". "
The niilitiaof‘ this, strata», shall at all times
, 1,“l;§__r§e,j,.t.ft_e,tf,,_l,'>_e_at‘med.anddisciplined, and in readi-
' '4 "tress for service; _but all such inhabitants of this
j_ ,_ :state_, of any;_r‘El'ig’io'us jdéiloiliitlation, whatever, as
“--"‘fro'm’f?scriiplé’s_?ol ‘(3onscience"may be‘ averse to
’'.hearing, i>,jf,iltl't;-b£j.'.ta'ii't:used there'l'rom', by paying
- , toithe state ‘ab"e”quivalent in money ; the legisla-
T ‘ zf} .. totit;-§lta_ll1jit‘0v‘id‘e by-ilaw for the collection ofsuch
‘ ' < eiquiviilents l<_>;-be,‘,e'stjm'ate.d-‘according to the ex-
«p'g:nsc‘tit1’ti'm‘e ‘arid niche)’, of an ordinary able‘-
.bflidi_’<5'<’i.”7rt-iliti t it ~ s
o
1
7; ‘
til-mah:j"‘ I
“§<§'.*iThc*pi‘i\-ilcgé of ihe writ of habeas corpus
’*?ihal'f;ifo‘t tajt-Jisti’s'pended,,unless, when in cases of
‘l'5elliop5_b:r'-invasion, the public" safety may re-
.: "V’(:fit,'i-‘l4’,t_':"?='t”t7s‘s4s_t1‘s‘[Jeti‘si(J,I’)‘.’ ' i‘ ‘ ‘
Nb pei‘s‘on "shall be. field to answer for a
—i§'6iljiit3t1l or"otliet' inlamotts crime, ‘(except in cases
—of_‘i'riipeaclitnetit, andincases ofihe militia, when
--.ii‘i{ac1u‘al service ; and theland a_nd.n'a'val forces
~.-Mgr; ‘tirne of )_var, or which this state may keep,
I Wgwith the consent of congress, in time of peace,
‘ .‘,’and.'l." Cave of petit larceny, under the regulation
' ‘,of;the _legisl_at_urc,) unless on presentment or in-
’ ' dicijmgnt‘ of a" grand jury ; and in every trial on
~ _ impeachment,-the party accused shall‘-be allowed
"' . counsel - as in civil actions. ._ No person shall be
subject for the same offence, to be twice’ put in
L /j¢‘opl‘4l'_(i¥_-Di: life or limb; nor shall he be com-
’, /, A” polled, in any criminal'case,t_o be a witness a-_
g‘ain,st_,hlmSe_l,f 5 nor be" deprived of life, liberty,
L, _sh_al_l ptiva_te.propcrty be taken
'without"'u_st compensation, .-
_or with the Indians in this state, shall be valid,
_parts thereof, as are repugnant to this constitu-
_contracted by the state, or individuals, or bodies
for public use,
§ 8. Lvjei-y citiaeh may freely, speak: ‘Write and.
publish his sentiments, on all subjects, being res-
ponsihle for the abuse of that right ;' and no law
shall be passed to restrain, or abridge the -liberty
of speech, or of the press. In all prosecutions
or indictments for libels, the truth may begiven
in evidence to thejury; and if it shall. appearto-1
the jury, that the matter charged as libellous, is
true, and was published with good motives, and
for justifiable ends, the party shall be acquitted ;
and thejutyshall have the right to determine the
law and the fact. . ' i -
Ԥ 9. -The assent of two thirds of the member
elected to each branch of the legislatnt‘_e, shall be
requisite to every bill appropriating the_puhlic
monies or property, for local or private purposes,
or creating, continuing, altering, or renewingany.
hotly politic or corporate. , .
§ l0. The proceeds of all lands belonging to
this state, except such parts tlxereof'as'may be
reserved or appropriated to the public use orc.t:d-
ed to the United States, which shall hereafter be
sold or disposed of, together with the fund denom-
inated the common school fund, shall be and re-
main a perpetual fund 5 the interest of which:
shall be inviolably appropriated and applied to the
:-support ufcommon schools throughout this state.
Rates oftoll, not less than those agreed to by the
canal commissionei's,_'and set forth in their report
to the legislature of the 12th of Match, l82l,
shall be imposed on, and collected from-all parts
of the navigable communications between . the
great western and nothern lakes, and the Atlantic
ocean, which now are, or hereafter shall be made
and completed ': And the said tolls; together with
the duties on the manufacture of salt as estab-
lished by the act ofthe l5th of April, l‘817 ; and
the duties on goods sold at auctiun,,excepting
therefrom the sum of 53,500 dollars, otherwise
approp:-iated, by the said act.; and the amount of
the revenue, establisltetl by the act of the legisla-
ture of the 13th, of March i820, in lieu of the
tax upon steam boat passengers ; shall be, and re-
main inviolably appropriated, and applied to the
completion of such navigable communications,
and to the payment of the interest, and re'-im-
bursement of the capital, of the money already
borrowed, or which hereafter shall be borrowed
to make and complete the same. And neither
the rates of toll, on the said navigable communi-
cations, nor the duties on the manufacture ofsalt
aforesaid, nor the duties on goods sold at auction
as established by the act of the 15th ofApril,l817;
nor the amount of the revenue established by the
act of March 30th, 1820, in lieu of the tax upon
steam boat passengers, shall be reduced, ordiv_cr-
ted. at any time before the full and complete pay-
ment of the principal and interest of the money
borrowed, or to be borrowed, as afm‘esaid. And
the legislature shall never sell, or dispose of the
salt springs belonging to this state, nor the land
contiguous thereto, which may be necessary, or ‘
convenient, for their use ; nor of the said naviga-
ble communications or any part or section there-
of; but the same shall be, and -remain the prop-,
erty of this state. ‘ _.
§ 1 1. No‘ lottery shall hereafter be authorised
in this state ; and the legislature shall pass laws,
to prevent the sale of all lottery" tickets, within
this state, except in lotteries -already provided
for by law. .
‘ § 12. No purchase or contract_ for the sale of
lands in this state, made since the 1,-ltn day of Oc-
tober, l775, or which may hereafter be made of
unless made under the authority, and with the
consent of the legislature. ' '
§ l3. Such parts of the common law, and of
the acts of the legislature of the colony of New-
York, as together did form the law of the said co-
lony, on the 19th day of April 1775, anti the res-
olutions of the congress of the said colony, and of
the convention ofihe state of Nt-iv-Yorlt, in force
on the 20th of April, I777, which have notsince
expired, or been repealed, or altered ; and such
acts of the legislatttrc. of this state, as are now.-in
force, shall be and continue the law ofthis state,
subject to such alterations as the legislature shall‘
Wt.”-lit: concerning the same. But all such parts
ofthe common law, and such oftlte said acts, OI
tion, are hereby abrogated. J p. j
§ 14.’ All grants of land within t'hi_ slate‘, made
by the king of Great Britain. or pe"i'sons acting
under his authority. -.il'-.er the 14th day of October
1775, shall be null andvoid; but nothing contain-
ed in this constitution shall effect any grants of
lands within this state, madebythe authority of
the said king or his predecessors, or shall annul
any.charters' to bodies politic‘ and corporate, by
him or them made, .beforc that day ; or shall af- ,
feet any suchfgrants or charters sincematle by
this state, or by persons acting und_er its authori-
ty ;- or shall impair the obligation ofany gdebts
corporate, or any other rights of property, or any
suits, actions, rights of action, or other proceed-
ings in courts ofjusticc. A _ , I
Art. VIII. §'l. Any a_men.<lmt-nt, or amentl-'
ments, to this constitution may be pt'opose,d in
the senate or assembly," and if the same shall be
agreed to by a majority of the members elected
to each ofthetwo houses, such proposed amend-
ment, or amendments, shall be entered on their
jour-nal.~s, with the yeas and nays taken thereon,-
and referred to the‘ legislature then next to be
chosen , and shall be published,'for three months
previous to the time of making such choice, and
if, in the legislature next chosen as albresaitl,
such proposed amendment, or amendments, shall
be agreed to, by two thirds ofall the members c-
lected to each house, then it shall be the duty of
the legislature to submit such proposed amend-
ment, or amendments, to the people, in such
manner, and at such time, as the legislature shall
prescribe; and if the people shall approve and
ratify such amendment, or amendments, by a ma-
jority ol the electors qualified to vote for mem-
bers of legislature, voting thereon, such a’mend-
ment or amendments shall become part of the
constitution. -. t ’. . .
Art. XI. §_1. This constitution shallbe iniforce
from the last day of December, in the year 1822.
But all _those, partsof the same, which relate to
the right of suffrage : the division ofilte state in-
to senate districts; the number of members of
' ‘.41;/,
the assembly,t,o_.b_e elected, in pursuance of this
-books to tell us that; every one who hears me,
or property, without dueproeess of-.l-aw}. Lam assembly t-.1316" €leCll°.fl 7'-*‘"=bY all‘?-'5l"<a “’=¢9"*“ 1"“ ‘9P°l-f ~:"MIfl,1lti='ffi1étii‘bting- the~lirslt—;stept«.in
mence on the first Monday ofNovetn'_beI', in the all the improved systems of farming. it.may.-13¢, ~
year 1,822 ; the continuance of the members of
.t.he present legislature‘, in office", until the first
day of January, in the year 1823, and the prohi-
bition against authorizing lotterics; the prohibi- ,
lion against appropriating the public monies or
property for localor private purposes, or creating,
continuing, altering, or renewing any body politic
or corporate, without the assent of two thirds of
the members elected to each branch ofthe legis-
lature. shall be in force and take effect, from the
last day of February next. The members of the
present legislature shall, on the first Monday of
' March next, take and subscribe, an oath. or affir-
mation, to support theconstitution, so fat‘ as the
same shall then be in force. Sheriffs, clerks of
counties, and corouers, shall be elected at the e-
lection hereby directed to commence on the first
Monday ofNovember, in the year I822 ; but they
shall not enter on the duties of their offices before
the lirst day of January next following. The
commissions of all persons holding civil offices on
the last day of December, 1822. shall expire on
that day ; but_ the officers then to commission,
may respectively continue to hold their said offi-
ces until newappointmeots, or elections shall take
place under this constitution.
'l‘he’existing laws, relative to the manner-
of notifying, holding, and conducting elections,
making returns, and canvassing votes, shall be in
force, and observed, in respect to the elections’
hereby directed to commence on the first Moo-
day of November in the year 1822, so far as the
same are applicable. And the present legisla-
ture shall pass such other and further laws, as
may be rcqttisite for the execution of the provis-
ions hf this constitution, in respect to elections.
:2:-_:.-2:
AN Annrtuss, delivered at the Cattle Slzo-w and
Exliibition, at Danbury, on me 171/: of October
1821, by JOHN Q. W1LsoN, Esq.
Nothing is calculated more forcibly to ‘strike
the mind of an attentive observer of the opera-
tions of nature, than the principle of production
No law is more fixed than that which cut-ntnands
multiplication and increase. It extends as well
to the vegetable as to the animal world; andthere
is the most abundant means provided to carry it
into full effect. Not more than one in twenty of
the seeds of different vegetables when left to
themselves, produce a crop of other seeds; the
‘remainder, either never vegetate, or are destroy-
ed before they come to perfection. Six acres of
corn, which can be made to produce 600 bushels,
require but 1 bushel of seed. The food of plants
is subject to the same law. By the yearly fallof
the leaves, together with the branches and trunks‘
of trees, decaying and decayed, the earth is not
only able to support the mass of vegetation in our
forests, which is continually increasing, but to be-
come sensibly more fertile. it is the same in our
cleared held. The vegetation there produced,
if left upon the land, enriches the spot which it
would otherwise impoverish.
VVe do not as yet know what the earth is capa-
ble of producing. Those who have gone before‘
us as well as ourselves have been for almost 200
years, drawing from that rich store, with which
the earth was provided at the first settlement of
this country, and ‘returning very little back. Is
it wonderful that we should now discover a short-
ness,-ofour crops ? Is it not surprising that we
shculd be able to raise so much ? _
By destroying those plants not immediately ne-
cessary for food, and substituting those which are
best adapted to that end, we are enabled to non-
tinue the cultivation of the earth, to an unlimited
period of time ; provided we follow the plain road
that nature has marked out for us, we cannot
traosgress its fundamental law with impunity.-—.
Whatever we take from the earth we must re-
turn therein due proportion. VVe must not con-
tinually follow the p ough, that bi.-st and 'w0‘rs(
implement of husbandry. If half the land now
subjugated to the plough could be appropriated
to raising of stock, in a few years, as much grain
as the whole now produces, could l)(: raised on the
other half. The inquiry very naturally arises,
how can this be done ? It is answered, by manure,
the lst, 2d and 3d requisite of all good farming.
If we look into any ofthe writers on rural econ-
omy, we shall find that nothing can be done, with
all the rotation of crops, ploughing, harrowing,
.~:carifying, horsehoing, drilling, dibbliog, weed.
ing, and rolling, without manure, we want no
,,
knows as much. Do we profit by the knowledge ?
or do we not rather content ourselves with refiect-
ing upon the tttter impossibility of procuring so
much manure, and the immense labour and ex-.
pense of covering our lands with it ?
in at at at -1!-
Take a field of ten acres of land,of an average
goodness with that generally cultivated for corn.
The ploughings will not be accomplished in
less than sixteen days ; planting, weeding, hoeing
and billing, cutting stocks and gathering the corn
will take forty days at least; the produce will be
probably about twenty bushels to the acre. Now
if five acres are planted, of course only half that
time will be employed, leaving the other half for
collecting and carting out manure. Three men
wiiha team, in eight days, will cart out 100 loads
of tnauure, and spread it on the land. Is any one
prepared to say, that one hundred loads of man-
ure upon five acres ofland, that will produce. 20_
bushels of corn to the acre, without" manure, will
not produce at least 40 bushels 3 There is then
five acres to be employed in some other way,
which will amply pay for the trouble of collect-
lug this manure ready to cart out. This is on-
ly the operation ofa single year—-the five acres
thus manured,will continue to pay its owner more
than compound ittterest, on the cost of nlttlltttlng
for several years; and if properly managed, nev-
er be poor again. It is concedetl that this is an
uopropitious time to talk of improvements; but
man should never despair--he is the child of hope
—the scale that prepondcratcs against him to
day, may be counterbalancedto-morrow. ‘VVe
have, it is true, for. some time experienced our
fullmeasure of evil. ~ Descending rapidly from
a state of unexampfed prospetjity, to one of great
distress,‘ we ‘have leam‘ed‘a7leSson, which no form
of words, or fervourzof eloquence, could ever-
have taught us, to citcurnscribe our views of._
worldly prosperity, to settledowo with the times,’
to imitate the industry ,tnd pet'seve,t‘ance of~_t‘he
spider, whos_e web. being swept a\vay’by the stbrm
"coats of manure in a season.
prepet'_—to consider-some of the different "kinds,
and 111.6 most-eflectual way‘ol collectingsant-l-;‘u.
sgtng-‘the_m.. Where a proportion of 303;, is
1‘-el" “P_0I|_ afartn, (which should al.\vays.be=t-'h¢,.
case) ‘he bam )’3|‘ds if‘p_riope;~ly $ituated,‘.;willil'ut'-
ntsh a very considerable guantity,_ p_rovide3tl’t_he
cattle are kept lhel'e,Wl‘l¢Il not in pasture, through
should be so constructed that no m0l~:ture.shm,]d
drain imm it ; if the soil be .loose', it should be‘
made otherwise, byjtaving-a bottom of‘»1o¢,m,i,,,-
°l"*Y °°ml"~”3l~lY ‘°1‘"'€<l UPON 313 by keeping this
Well covered through the summer, not only 'is‘a
considerable quantity of manure fonndfor the .fi,u
sowing, but the surface is kept tight and smooth.
in the winter the straw which is not cam, -.15, me
cattle will afford ample meansof covering: -11,, \
yard ; and in absorbing all the fluid parts‘. be-bet.’
tet fitted for decomposition, and llmlte 5 mum,
more efficacious manure than if left in a heap by
itself or spread, as is a very general practice. chi,-
upon the field. The stabling of cattle would-in;
crease the quantity .of manure, and at the same
time be ofinfinite set vice to them, and lessen the
consumption of food. * * .4.
Tlzere has been much differ-etice in opinion res,
or after it has undergone the process of putrcl'a'c~. '-
tion, and is reduced‘ to at line black -substance.
The experiments of that celebrated chemist,-‘ Si,-
Humphrcy Davy, are in favor ofapply-ing.u,g m,,_..
covering it immediately with the .ploug~h.~‘ .'1’|;¢,’
is known to be of a fertilizing quality, and by uni-
ting itself to the earth in its passage through, -it
is retained there. Every one knows how much
a heap of manut e is diminished in the rotting, and“
if it be large the interior will be found white, dry
and of little use, ’llle.llCllcS ofit having been dri-
vcn off by the extreme heat. Some add lime to
the barn yard manure ; it is do expense wot,”
than useless. The lime unites with the soluble
parts of the manure, and forms a compound, by
no means so favorable to vegetation, aethe ma.
non: would be of itself. Lime - applied to mere
vegetable fibre such as leates and chips, greatly
promotes the process of rotting. It is this kinil
ofmanure that requires to be made fine before it‘
is applied. The use of Pl-sister of Paris, is well
understood in.,evcry part’ of this county, and is in
itself almost sufiicient for land lying but 5', time-
distance from the salt water. In a few years this
material will be supplied without having resource
to foreign nations for it, by means of the Grand
Canal in the state of New York; a work, which
in after ages, will reflect more lustre uponthe
times in which we live, than all the battles,'victo-
ties, and triumphs, since the war of our re,-51,1.
tion. It is Well known that vegetables while
green, before they have formedtheir seeds, take
very little from the strength of the soil; and if
ploughed in at that time afford manure. Clover
has been raised in other states for this purpose,
with‘ most abundant success ; oats, also, have been
usefully employed in this way, and furnishta sub.
stitute for clover, singularly adapted to theuse of?
this county ; being found by experiments. prefer-
able’ to any other grain.
attending this mode of manuting are well worth. .
the attention ‘of every farther. Oats grow rapid-
ly, and soon afford a fine early, pasture, ifturucd
under at a proper time, allotllcif-'SOWll)g upon‘ that
.furrow, harrowed in, will give an abundant pas.
turage, at that season of the year, when it is most.
wanted; and leave time enough to plough again
for rye. '1 his produces a result at which every
good farmer must heartily rejoice. By these fre-
quent ploughings the seeds of all the foul stuff-in
land, l‘tt(.li:ht:S, daisies, plantain, and a thousand
others of less note, are brought successivefjfto
the surface, vegetate, are turned under, and serve .
to enrich where they have for years been scourg-
mg the land. :l his is a great improvement upon
sutntner lailuwtng, as every successive ploughing-
is paid for by the pasture, besides affording two
_ Every low place in the highway is a receptacle
l0!‘ m'v|Dll|'6 3 €3't:l‘y swamp except wltereiron is
found affords a large quantity- Lime, horns,
bones, hair, every kind of animal and \'Cgt:l_'-_1bl¢
Substance is manure, rnuchbetter to be applied to
our fields, than to grace the highway where it. is
so common to see it deposited. Marl, clay, sand‘,
salt,_-are also ru-anures, when properly applied.‘
There is much eticelletit stuff comes out of-la
well cultivated garden ; yet iris a common thing
,for farmers to n_e,gie.ct it, and to consider the
ground taken up,"-and the work employ;-d ,1“,
garden as so much lost. There is no part; of a
farm which pays so well as a garden. . One rea.
son is, that more manure is raised there than any
where else, and the earth produces as it did wlaetr
the plough first turned it over. .
The farmer should suit his cultivation to th
climate. This r'emark_»will be fouudtrue, in reg-
pect to the mode of planting cucumbers and mel-
ons. Following the practice which our ancestors‘
brought with them from the moist climate ofEng-
land, a hill is raised and the seeds plantedupou
the top ufit. It the season is wet, and, the soon
not too hot, there will be a goiitl supply ;j.but if
the summer happens‘ to be dry, before the vines
; tvhich naturally run from thehill have well com.
mertcetl,b_t:arxtig, the roots being ‘exposed are
burnt-u p, "arid-the.vines net.'essa:'ily die. Now the
obviuus remedy for..this, is to, plant the seed at -
the bottom of the hill, or. what is preferable, rat
the bottom ofa ridge, having a good" store offresh
manure from the hog pen, well incorporated with
the soil W here the seeds are deposited. ln.this
way every rain operates as a fresh hoeiug, and
carries the liner parts of the earth to the roots.
The vines running over the ridge cover the roots‘
on either side; after the leaves are. well formed
there is a- Ct=V'.ct'lng‘ supplied, which‘ will enable.
the roots to resist the driest summers we have
had for lite years past. it is perhaps needless to
saythat in cultivating melons, cucumbers, squash.
iesand pumpkins, old seed is better than new, not
running so much to vine and producing more and
better fruit.-V Nothing is morecommoo. than. for‘
farmersto consider the. result of .oneL.unsucces'5.
ful experiment as decisive. and fo:t-.ve'r tliet~eal'ter
set it doun as undeniable, that such’ will iiltvaygi
be the case. Tltisis eminently true in -respect
to fruit trees. 'l.‘hc_ plumb ..has been aes’t‘.‘-pg}?
constitution; the app0t‘tion_n_tent -of membgys of
, will erect one of less ditncnsions In ‘a more 'she'l-.
almost entirizly, “trig,-..;t'g:'~,: no kind of --plum-bi -'
pecting the state in which barn.) and manure is - -
most profitably applied to the land, whether frem,‘ ._ -
t
the summer, and in the winter altogeth-.:r.~ it’ ~
.4
S
V .
‘Fl
now while in a state of partial decomposition, and .. ‘t-
air or steam which rises from a heap of m.;,m,,-re ”' -. -
The several advantages. . .-._.
A
7
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Norwalk Chronicler