.. ,,.,_....: 'E'V'.—"7t --
his ofiitttionai prospetfty. , fly attaining the first
‘object,we shall see Domestic Manufactut'es flou r
ish, a home market open to our produce, our cap-
ital retained in the countr_v, agricitltut-e fostered.
the labor of our own citizens demanded, a per-
ivnanent inland and foreign trade encouraged, and
all classes of people relieved from present dis-
tress. By attaining; the second, the present deli
git of $5,000,000 in the national treasury will be
relieved, by the immediate payment of large a-
mounts in duties, and losses on custom-ltouse
bonds, and suits, which now extentl to the stiin of
33,000,000‘,prevented. By the thi'rd, the foreign
manufacturer and monopolist will be debarred
from forcin'g public sales, that discourage and de-
stroy the American merchant. On these points.
we shall take the liberty of enlarging, in a gen-
eral Address, previous to the meeting of Con-
gress. '
I Happily for the success of the common cause,
embraced by the National Association for which
we act, prejudices are wearing away, and the far-
mers of the north, and the planters of the south,
must see the necessity of encourztging domestic
manufactures, which will consume their raw ma-
terials, and remove a fatal dependence on foreign
markets. For can it be doubted, that our colton,
tobacco, and other produce, will, as soon as it is
possible, be excluded from every port of Europe 3
..-klready millions of bushels of grain are exported
through the l‘v‘lediterranean from the shores of
the Black Sea, and our flour prohibited from
England", France. the '\Vest Indit.-s, and other
places of sale. Alreatlytare the cotton and to-
bacco of -the southernstates supplanted in the
British market, to an alarming extent, by the
same articles cultivated by the British colonies
in the East Indies, or obtained from the cotton
and tobacco plantations in South America. Five
years more upon Out‘ present system, and instead’
of exporting immense quantities of cotton, we
shall have to buy and wear British manufactures,
purchased with cash, and leave our agriculture,
unprotected and without encouragement. Not
only are we now excluded from the ports of litt-
rope by high duties and severe prohibition--—.not
only is every article of American manufacture
denounced by a hostile tariff. wherctcr it inter-
feres with the home fabrics of other nations ; but
by" means of bounties, premiums, and drawbacks.
extended to manufacturers in other countries
and by other governments ; and by means ofthe
present pernicious auction system in this coun-
try, England, l"r-ance, Russia, Sweden, Scotland,
Ireland, and the l-East Indies, drive our own man-
ufactures out of the American market.
It is time for the .l'\l‘l]0l\.iCZ‘.Il government to
-shake off her fetters, and meet these nations up-
on their own ground :—Free trade with those
who permit free trade ; prohibitions to those
who prohibit I
in clo.~..ing these remarks, we feel it a particu-
lar duty to recommend to your liberal support,
and to the support of the friends of national in-
dustry throughout the United States, the-semi-
weekly paper recently established by the Nation-
al Institution. in the city of New-Yotk,cal-led the
t PATRON or INDUSTRY.’ Its name shows its
object, and the principles which it viudicatcs.
VVilliam Few,
“Mathew Carey,
Jacob T. VValden, Committee of
Charles G. Haines, | Correspondence.
'lTh-addeus B. VVakeman,J
New-York, July, H320.
_.....
Frafn the Commerc."al Jrlvertlser.
,Sir'—‘-In my last I pointed out the causes by
which the'\'v'hiskey m.muf'.tctnrcd in this coun-
try, was rendered impure, and destructive of
health ; first by permitting the /1oz'.vrmou.s~ fungus
Ergot to be worked up with the rye used in dis-
tillation ; secondly, through bt.'rnz'ng the essential
oil in the operation, which thereby becomes as
pernicious as the ergot ; and all this I attributed
to the ignorance of most of those ctnployed in
this branch ofot.-r manufactures. I also mention-
ed that \Vhi.-ikey, in its originrrl state, was chiefly
consumed in the South, and by our army and na-
vy. I come now to show how thousands of gal-
loos of this liquid /zoiaan is swallowed in this cz"y,
[New-York,] without one among a tltousjand who
drink it, being aware of the fact.
I have ascertained, through the most correct
channels, that no less than 10,000 hogsheads, or
upwards of one milliorz trzvo lzmzc/red t/zousand gal-
ions of whiskey were-purchased and resold again
in New-York, in the course of l8l9, after having
undergone, what is called, the process of-I\’ectgfi-
cattmz. Bad as the general run of \Vhisl-'cy is,
when it comes from the hand of the distiller, it
is rendered many degrees worse by the prevail-
ing mode of rectifying spiritous liquors. Every
man of science knows, that Alcohol consists of
30 parts carbon, 7-5 parts hydrogen, and 62-5
parts water, and that if these proportions are in-
creased or diruinished, the nature of the Alcohol
is ch-.mg.;:d. In this city, and, I believe, all over
the United States,‘ the rectifie'rs of distilled li-
quors use notlting but charcoal in their operations.
They fill a tub, hating a false bottom perforated
with holes, nearly one third fill! of ground char-
coal, upon w‘..:ich they pour the it hiskey purchas-
cd of the distiller. After standing a few hours it
is drawn off, when, in consequence of its lr.tving
imbibed a large dose of carbon, it is found almost
divested of taste or" flavor‘. This is then called
[zure s/Iirils, and is purchased by the importers,
or large grocers, who mix it. sometimes in the
pr-o'porti~r.-n of two thirds, sometimes one half, but
never less than one third, with l"rench llrzmdy,
Jatnaica Rum‘, Holland Gin, and even i\'ew-I£ng-
land Rum, the vilcst of all vile liquors.» l-‘tom
the insi-pidity which the carbon cotntntrtricates to
the Whiskey, it requires the best judges to de-
tect-the mixture. The small grocers, who pur-
chase it from the dealers, are not very noted for
their judgment in this respect. I can also state,
that our wines and our cider are frequently mix-
ed with"this rectified whiskey.
The prevailing opinion is, that the charcoal dis-
charges the natural impurities of the whiskey.
But this is not the fact. It merely covers over,
disguises, or, as chemists term it, nnm-a.'z'z«-s the
essential oil anti other deleterious qualities which
it acquires in-the manufacture. The poison of
the ergot, and the poison of the burnt oil, remain
as perfect, and are as powerful in their effects, as
if the whiskey had never passed through the
charcoal.
. fact, that the flavor of whiskey. which has under-
I have fully satisfiedmyself of this"
g-one this operation, will return a‘g‘ait§f
quor has lain by for a few months‘; _a‘;r.’,e,t_, ,'l,lf:1_c"_I:ff.
clearly shows that the essential oil, the,tt'iie‘é,au_se,
of the flavor, is not abstracted by t-l1e""cztt'lJ_otiic*:_;i _ t _ _
- " « -‘j on the 6th inst. and appointed Mr. Esrrc/l, one
of the most enlightened and liberal deputies of
process. 4 - '
But this is not the only evil consequent offthe
-use ofcharcoal in rectifying whiskey. The ex-
cess of carbon imbibed in the operation, is, ofit-
self, destructive of‘ the human system. Applied
externally,charcoal possesses many valuable qual-
ities ; but when taken internally, and in close con-
tact with alcohol, which isjoverclrarged with car-
bohic gas by the usual process offilteration, itbe-
cbmes highly deleterious. \Vhat is called the
choke Ilan.-[1, which occupies the bottom of wells,
and by which many have been suffocated, is noth-
ing more than carbonic acid gas ; and the numer-
ous instances of persons being choked by sleep-
ing in rooms is here charcoal was burned, affords
a demonstrative proof of the pernicious nature of
this substance, when inhaled by the lungs in too
great a quantity. .An instance occurred in this
city, during last year. ofthe fatal effects of this
destructive, gas, which ought to be generally
known. A man who had been employed by a
lectifler of Spirits to bttrn and grind charcoal,
was taken suddenly sick, and died. On opening
rhc body, his heart was found to be almost encir-
cled with a crustation ofcarbonic tnatter, u hich
had been formed in the course of his working at
the business.iand was evidently the cause of his
death. It is well understood among rectifiers.
that the charcoal soon proves fatal to white men.
Colored men alone.“-hose constitutions seem bet-
ter adapted to resist its deleterious effects, are,
therefore,generally employed to manage this part
of the operation.
It were to he wished, that we could stop here
in our details of the methods employed by the av-
aricious, to adulteratc an article ofsuch vast con-
sumption as that of spiritous liquors. One only
of the methods already noticed, by which this is
affected, is sufficient ofitselfto ‘terrify’ any rc-
flecting being; and to induce him to resolve nev-
er again to taste the deadly poison. But the dis-
lillcl‘, the rectilier, and the importer, are not the
only persons who find it their interest to pursue
this baneful traffic. The small grocer, w hose nar-
row circumstances compel him to purchase from
the importer, or Healthy wholesale dealer, not
content with a reasonable profit on his retail sales,
increases the quantity of his liquor by an aslmix-‘
ture ofwater, which redttces the proofconsi.lcra-
bly below the legal standard. To obviate the ob-
jections of purchasers. who would naturally com-
plain ofthis, zt _fi2/se strength is quickly given by
the use ofoil of vit-rol, anda /nzngcnt taste by an
infusion ofcapsicum. .
Thus do thousands, unknown to themselves,
and unsuspectingly, every day_ pour into their
stomachs a poison, which, by slow but certain op-
erations, undermines the constitution, and gives
birth to the great mass of those numerous diseas-
es with which the human frame is afflicted.--‘
My firm persuasion is, that the yellow fever, e-C
ven during the period ofits most dreadful rava-
ges, never occasioned halfthe desolation that ari-
scs from the use ofthe common distilled liquors.
The.y— are," indeed, ‘ unclean and wicked spirits,
tormenting sorely, and, sometimes. tojmadness
and ruin, the individuals who are possessed by
them.’ _ A
I am pleased to find the opinion gaining ground
that domestic liquors are a fair subject of taxa-
tion. Besides throwing the business into the
hands of men of character" and of science. by
which a guarantee would be given to the public.
this measure would enable the government to
raise the necessary supplies, witliout resorting to
additional tlotics on articles of real utility, already
sufficiently l:.t.'\’!.T£l, and without increasing the na-
:ional debt by impolitic and ruinous loans. , The
agricttlturist, the manufacturer. the political e-
conomist, cvery well-wisher of his country. ought
to unite in depicting in glowing colours, the mis-
chiefarising from the use ofthe common distilled
spirits, and in imploriug the legislature to at rest
the progress of this dreadful scourge, by wise and
salutary regulations. oBsEttv.t'rot:.
—-In--:1:--za--
LYCURGAN SOCIETY.
/11 a nrcclirzg of Me Lt,/czu-gan Society of Yale Col-
lege, held August 91/2, 1820, on the 7’tC07117.'lC7‘lt'la-
lion cf a Committctc qftlze Society, conzfz0.9et'! of
menzbersfrom the di crcnt Scarce £22 1115 Urzicrz-—
RESOLVED, That e.\:t1'av-agancc in articles of
dress is inconsistent with the republican princi-
ples of our government, and an evil which at the
present time threatens its interests. It is. there-
fore, the duty of every friend of his country to
afford his assistance in opposing its alarming ,;l'0*'
gress.
Ifeaolvcd, That it is the /zcculiar duty of the
members of our Colleges, and a debt of gratitude
they owe their country for the distinguished priv-
ileges which she has conferred upon them, to ex-
ert theirinlluence in the accomplishment of so
laudable an object. I
_ Rreolvcd, That we disapprove of extravagance
in dress and luxurious indulgence-s in our semi-
naries of learning at the present time; especially
do we disapprove ofthemin the institution with
which we are connected. I
Rcsolzu.-d, That to reduce the expense of cloth-
ing and prevent the evils arising from the contin-
ual lluctuations of",/its/non, we adopt an uniform
(ll ess to be hereafter worn by the members of this
society. '
Rrarolvrzl, That to promote industry in our
country and encourage American i\'lanufac’tures,
We weal‘ cloth exclusively of domestic manufac-
ture. '
Rt-solz,-rd’, That these resolutions be signed by
tile committee, who are inlstr ucted to describe our
(ll'c:'ss for the benefit ofthose who may l"tereafrcr
become members of this Institution; and that
the same be published in the newspapers.
[_Signed by a committee ofseventecn persons,
from the same number of States]
Dcscri/ztiorz of the dress.---A Coatee or short
Coat, ‘and Pantaloons of dark. Domestic Cloth,
black and white mixture, denominated Iron Grey,
made agreeable to the present fasliion in every
respect", except that the coatee is single breasted,
with a small pointed lappel ; the pockets on the
O’uls'i(lc ofthe skirt, with a scolloped welt.
Yale-College, New-Haven, Aug. 25, 1820'.
an---an
after‘ lie.
A lad, who was drowned in the river at Augus-
_.A.’.,......‘.. _‘., ._.—_-.,-._-...r.
. .. 1., .r-', , Pa-~ ~
"'FROhi SPAIN. . .
, . CAn1z..Iuly 1,5:
The Cortes-ofthe Nation had their first session
the former Cortes, President, and Gen.QUmoGA,
Vice President. A letter was itnntediately writ-
ten to the secretary of state, to ascertain when it
would be agreeable to his,Majesty to receive the
committee front the Cortes, and the King an-
su-ered that he was willing to receive the same
withoutloss of time——the committee called on his
Majesty, who received them most graciously and
‘who fixed the 9th inst. at l0 o’clock, A. M. to ap-
pear before the Congress and make the solemn
oath to the Constitution.
‘ Upon the arrival of such glorious news. all the
bells began to ring, the ships of war in the bay to
the number of 20, and the for-ts fired a salute of
21 guns each. The balconies and windows in
the houses were handsomely decorated with
liangings and curtains of the greatest variety of
colors. The town was most splendidly illumina-
ted at night, and patriotic bands of tnusic, and
amateurs of both sexes, were running aboutthe
streets singing the military hymn of Gen. Ricgo.
VVhilst the people were yet delivered to the
expression of their joy, on the 12th, at day break,
another express arrivedlrom Madrid in 60 hours,
which brought the Gazette with the official ac-
count of his l\iajesty’s appearance in the Cortes,
and his oath to the Constitution on the morning
of the 9th, before all the Princes of the blood,
the Diplomatic body. the Ministers of State. Etc.
an an immense number of oficers of the army
and navy and about 2000 spectators. His Ma-
jesty read a speech, in which be attributed all the
evils which had happened for the last six years
in Spain, to the bad counsellors who surrounded
him; that Providence had at last condescended
to open his eyes. and that be trusted that the Cor-
tes would assist him in promoting the general
welfare. llis Majesty appeared to be full of sat-
isfilCll0l‘.‘—-Ile spoke with energy and withoutem-
barrassmcnt. ’I be President of the Cortes made
a very sensible reply to the King, to which his
Majesty ansuered that be thanked the Cortes for
the 6:\'pr¢ssioll of the feeling towards him, and
that he flatteretl himself that a new era was about
to reign in Spain from that moment. His Ma-
jesly then retired amidst the acclamations of the
people, and the tears of all the spectators.
Another account, in noticing the various pub-
lic demonstrations o'f_ioy and feats which solemni-
zed this happy event says—--‘The city ofCadiz de-
sirous, howaver, to show in a more solemn man-
ner the love they profess for the mar,-nanimous
Ferdinand, determined to have a procession thro’
the principal squares and streets of an Iifligy of
his Majesty»-and at l0 o'clock in the evening,
the procession commenced from the Constitution-
al square. A beautiful triumphal Car, carried by
individuals of the national militia, the centre
was occupied by the Effigy, dressed in a royal
mantle, the extremities of which were held by
two children, representing two geniuses dressed
in white, and crowned and encircled with flowers.
The exterior part of the centre and above the ef-
fittys there was to be seen a beautiful Statue, rep-
resenting Spain witli the Constitution in one hand
and a Sceptre in the other. Preceding the car,
was a band of military music, and an innumera-
ble number of wax lights. The procession was
headed by an escort of gentlemen on hm'*‘»cl>aCl<,
elegantly dressed in the ancient Spanish costume
—-the rear was composed of a large, detachment
of the national militia.’
Ofinn
The King of Spain hasissued a decree author-
izing the Friars, of whom there are about I00 000
in Spain, to assume the clerical office, and forbid-
ding any person hereafter from entering into a
novici-ate. This is a very politic and v:lfeCti\’e
mca-‘sttrc on the part of the new government.
\Ve are indebted to a commercial friend for
the following copy of a letter from Giliraltal‘ of
the 15th .Itll}’.—--.’l’.7L'7‘C. /(dv. , .
‘ If you have heard nothing from Spain lately,
the followingfacts may interest you. The 9th
of July was a great day in Spain, signalizcd by
thefirst meeting of the Cortes at Madrid, since
the promulgation of the Constitution. 1 was at
Algesiras; the garrison was paraded in the great
square, now called Place de la Constituzione--re-
viewed by the Governor and his suite---and as
each platoon passed, the subalterns and soldiers,
the governor and the populace. joined in the ac-
clamation of vivas la Constituzioue--vivas Quin)-
ga, Sec ; while in the interval was heard the noise
of the distant artillery at Cueta, in honor of the
day. The priests in the Cathedral, after mass,
were obliged, reluctantly enough ‘lguess’ to par-
ade the aisles, with a silken cap of liberty, sur-
mounted by a cross, accompanying the organ-.
with patriotic songs, followed by a long train of
men, women and children. I saw or thought I
saw, on the countenauces ofthe priests officiating,
a‘ sort of sheer not expressive of the highest de-
gree of satisfaction. After this ceremony was
performed, the officers retired patriotically to eat
and drink at the Cape de Quartre Nacioncs. To-
wards evening they got in ‘ great spirits,’ and ap-
peared upon the balconies, hat-anguing the mob,
who appeared to be somewhat in spirits too.-—
One of the officers. a man of greater spirits than
the rest, put on his head a cap 0f'lii)ct‘t}', and
fought the air for some time with most frantic
gesticulations, while the utmost compass of his
voice was drowned in the din of vivas Iliego, vi-
ves Quiroga, Sec. Having expressed themselves
in this way until they appeared to be somewhat
exhausted, they came down stairs and marched
arm and arm through the streets-—-that in zmion
there might be strength, (very prudently thought
of) singing a song, which is now in the tnouth of
every little ragamuffin-—-(a good sign this)—the
burden of which is mourir [tro/tatria. In the eve-‘
ning was a great illumination’, and a string of
people amusing themselves in various ways.’
The following is the substance of a letter of the
Swedish Consul at Tangier, llth July, 1820.
‘ The political situation of this wretched coun-
try has become worse than eve-r—-The Iimperor
having had some quarrel with his guard Of ne-
groes and Oudaias, effected his escape from Ra-'
bak on the 20th June. and withdrew to Bar-elBa1-
ta. afre'r..la~)'ina«in.the water a day and a half, was daiwl1C"€_ he “emaincd “P l0 the “ml °f the ‘“°“‘l"
raised by t;’2e-disc/large of artillery. - ~ -
when it is said he again effected his escape over,
.3."
.
Aisanifin ’:';n'cl'.{lsfl, andtlielice across tl1é‘C01J"nlr‘f
and the Atlas mountains. Anarchy and the ut-‘
most Iicentiousness prevails in all those provin-
ces; and it is actually impossible to pass froni
this town to Tetuan or ltabash. One All el Lu-‘
shee, an Arab of the tribe of Ben Husen, infests,
with a swarm of rebellious mountaineers, the
country between Elkasar, VVa::er. and ‘Salea.-—
The first of these places was attacked on Thurs-
day and entirely ’plundered—-Side El Lushee car-
ried off, himself, under the walls of Elaraisch,
about 8000 cows and bullocks. Tetonan has shut
the gates, and was on Friday attacked by 4000
Elgebalis, with intent to plunder the Jews and
rich Moors, but these monsters were repulsed by
the Governor. Tire Emperor's guard who re-
mained at Ilabath, having robbed the treasury, di-
vided the money among themselves, but-are now
shut up and arrested by a band ofArabs vl ho claim
their share of the booty. \Vhat appears strange
is, that neither his four sons, who are of age, not‘
his brother, have made any attempt at a diversion
in his favor-=--what may be the end no mortal can
tell-—or what the fate of Muley Suliman.’
Co'rvs'rAxv'r1xvot>Li-:, May 26.
On the l7’th, a great fire broke out in the quar-
ter of the Jews, which consumed 300 houses.
Since the defeat of the Arabs by the English,
130 ships havé arrived. '_
The Bash-aw of iligypt, Mehmct Ali, who is
well known for his great valor and activity,‘is fit-
ting out an expedition for Lybia for the purpose
of collecting the animal tribute, and to dispossess
the Arabs of that fine Province, who have lately
robbed all the: ("at-avans that go from Egypt to
that quarter for corzimercial purposes. A num-
ber of learned men are going with the expedition
to visit the famous temple of Jupiter Ammor.,f.rc.
Lozvnon, July 7.
The proceedings in both houses of Parliament
yesterday respecting the Queen, was highly in-
teresting. In the Lords. Messrs. Brougham and
Denman were heard at the bar in support of her
Majesty's petition. In the Commons, Sir H.
Furguson moved for a copy of the Milan Com-
mission, (which picked up the contents of the
green bag) and for the instructions issued for tak-
ing the depositions on the Continent, since her
Majesty's departure from England, and the sums
expended, and by whose order issued. Notwith-
standing the motion was negatived, some of the
secret history of this commission was disclosed.
‘From areview of the conduct pursued by Min-
isters to‘.vards the Queen, (said Sir R. For-guson)
it was manifest that her l\‘.lajesty’s great crime
was landing in England, for immediately on that
event taking place, the green bag was produced.
This bag. he said, originated with the Vice Chan-
cellor of England, who had sent out a gentlentan
practising in his court, to Milan, whose principal
recommendation seemed to he,that he understood
no language but his own. This gentleman had
collected a number of facts and put them togeth-
er in a bag. Ilc (llir. F.) strongly objected to
this mode of collecting evidence : he also com-
plained of the appointment ofa secret committee,
and the -bill which condemned her Majesty un-
heard. This Milan Commission, he said, had
cost the country 33,0001. of which sum _l 1,000
was drawn and expended in the first five months---
a sum sufficient to have destroyed the chat-actor
of any woman in Italy.’
Lord Castlereagh justified the conrluct of the
ministers, the vice-chancellor, and the gentle-'
man sent to Italy. As to the information askelfl,
he said it could not be consistently given at pres~*
em, but he should be ready to give every inform-
ation when the proper 1:-eriod'arrived.
Mr. Crccty contended that the present was the
lit time for lninging forward this motion. The
House had a right to have the V'2ce-Chztncellot‘
before them as a disturher of the peace ; as but
for such itttermecldling. the whole of the rlilft.-r.
ences might ltave been settled. It v-':.v.s the oili-
cious Mr. Leach that had kept these unhappy dif-
ferences alive,and the 1izrtdt'czive_.9/ziri: (If!/.'c‘.HiIzg.""
Minister's, said Mr. C; had negociated will: the
Queen at St. Ome'r’s, and afterwards in Lontlon,
after they had been in possession of these most
serious charges. The question betwixt the King
and the Queen was a private matter; and the
King was to be put in the same state as any oth-
er man who applied for a divorce. To be enti-
tled to that remedy, the Kizrgmust come rum‘: dz-mi
/zamls into Court,"“ on such an occasion. It would
be necessary to employ the words of the author
of Christianity, in the case of the woman taken
in adultery, ‘ Let /rim z/lat is wi//rout .-on can (1),:
_fir.st stone.’
P" W hen Mr Creevy spoke these words, titers
weieloud cries of order, order, order. And Lord
Castlereagh expressed his surprise at this per-
sonal attack on the Sovereign. * Such epithets
(said Lord C.) no man was entitled to apply to
that illustrious personage ; for to no one could
they be less applicable’)
Italian l'Vz'mrsscs.--A riot took place at Dover
on the landing of 12 Italian witnesses (ll men
and l woman) against the Queen. The witness-
es were all of the lowest orders. The mob fell
upon them and-heat them most unmet-cif-.tlly;
the magistrates were obliged to disperse the mob.
The noted Count Pergami is by some assert-
ed to be a female! and by others to be of that
description of persons who are occasionally im-
ported from Italy to sing the tenor notes in some
of our Theatres. Alluding, as we suppose, to
these rumors, a morning paper says :—
‘II’, in the present instance, this charge against
her Majesty of adultery with Pergami, does not
produce more laughter throughout Europe lhan
any thing which has occurred since the beginning
ofthe. French revolution, when laughing went out,-__
of fashion~—nay. we will even go farthe-.“——if tli'i's?=‘_ ‘
solemn charge produces ultimately any thing lint.
0.
l
laughter against the fabricators and belie\=e,rs.'iTnl‘. , '
the supposed intercourse, we shall be conten't-to
be reckoned the greatest dupes that the whole
land contains.’
A frightful disaster has bcfallen the village of
Gosseat1,in the canton of Zurich. A new_churc.'°t
had just been finished ; the whole population of
the village had assembled to witness the ceremo-
ny; the ceremony had just begun, when sudden-
ly the galleries gave way ; 35 persons were kil-
led, and more than 100 had either their arms or
legs broken. ~ . '
Norwalk Chronicler