Norwalk Gazette, Wednesday, March 29, 1820 · page 2

imposes on foreign manufactures duties compar-

 

 

‘the Britisii parliament : and history is replete
iirith proofs that when the power of a country-is
exclusively vested in one portion of its_ people,
the others rarely experience the‘ betieficent con-
sequences resulting from that ‘ 'ev‘en-handed jus-
tice’ which ‘ does as it would be done by.’

The committee believe that one of the ‘chief

ends of government is the protection of property
a‘cquir'ed,and protection in the acquisition of prop-
erty ; that so far as respects the latter object, a
large portion of the manufacturers are debarred
of. this right ; that it is impossible for one large
class of citizens to suffer without the others par-
ticipating in the distress; and finally that, altho’
the manufacturers are the first and greatest suf-
ferers by this baleful policy, which sacrifices their
industry to that of foreign nations, yet, that the
impoverishment of the country, arising from that
sacrifice, has spread itself over the whole of the
United States with the two exceptions already
specified.

Although not exactly within the duty enjoined
on your ctifnrnittee, they judged it not improp-
er to exhibit a statement of the depreciation of
of the value and income of real estate in the city
of Philadelphia, in order more fully to corrobo-
rate the view they have given of the existing dis-
tress.

Of 85 houscs in 5 continuous squares

in Market-st. which were in 1818

. i'E‘l1lC(l for

There werc,onc month since, only 4-9

occupied, which rent for

Dirninution of annual income in part

ofa single street 853.055

And there were no less than 36 houses wholly

unoccupied.

In those squares, many of the houses are under
lease, and therefore have tuidergoue no change
in the rent; and many are occupied by the own-
ers. Of both descriptions no notice is taken.-—
This view is wholly confined to the houses of
which the rent has been lowered, or which are
iinoccupicd.

And on an cxatniriation ofsuntlry streets, being
about 3-4-tbs of the whole city, there wese found,
a fortnight since, not less than about 4-00 houses
unoccupied.

On a careful examination of the subject, your

3‘

$33250

35,205

 

the breach of contract. ‘ -
v_ As tbereis no court of Chancery between na-
tions, their diflerefnces can be settled only by a-
greement or by force. ‘The resort to force is
justifiable only when justice cannot be obtained
by negociation.
ed to the attainment of justice. The wrong re-
ceived marks the boundaries of the right to be
obtained. '

The King ofSpain was bound to ratify the trea-
ty ;.bound by the principles of the laws of hations
applicable to the case‘; and fut-tber bound by the
solemn promise in the full power. He refusing
to perform this ‘promise and obligation, the Uni-
ted States have a perfect right to do what a court
of Chancery woultl do in a transaction of a similar
character between individuals; namely, to mm."
pel the perfortnance of the engagement as far as
compulsion can accomplish it, and to indemnify
themselves for all the damages and charges inci-
‘dent to the necessity ofusing compulsion. They
cannot compel the Kingof Spain to sign the‘-act
of ratification, and therefore cannot make the in-
slrument a perfect treaty. But they can, andare
justifiable in so doing, take that which the treaty,
it perfect, would have bound Spain to deliver up
to them ; and they are further entitled to indem-
nity for all the expences and damages which they
may sustain in consequence of the refusal of
Spain to ratify. The refusal to ratify gives them
the same right to do justice to themselves as the
refusal to fulfil would have given thefb. if S-pain

l*'lorida not to deliver over the province. _ -

By considering the treaty as the term beyond
which the United States will not look -back’, in
their controversial relations with Spain, they not
only will .mzrnifest a contmuetl respect for the
sanctity of their own engagements, but tbcv avoid
the inconvenience of re-entering npt.-n a field of
mutual complaint and crimination, so extensive
that it would be scarcely possible to decide where
or when negociation should cease, or at what point
folcc should he stayed for satisfied right; and, by
I‘eS01'ling to force only so far as the treaty had
acknowledged their right. they offer an induce-
ment to Spain to complete the transaction on her
part, without proceeding to general hostility. But

committee respectfully submit for consideration
the following resolutions :

1ft'.s-0lvc’d, That it is clearly established, on a
careful examination, that the industry ofa large
portion of the inhabitants of this city and its vi-
cinity is completely destroyetl. whereby thou
S‘r.‘.ll’.lS of useful citizens and their families are de
pzivetl of employment, and reduced to distres
and tllfliculty.

1t‘e.s~o."-um’, That the great difl'ci'ence 'o'etr:een or
situation, and that of those countries in Euror
which at present suffer distress and cmbarrar -
merit, together with the solid advantagtzs we p~
tscss. fotbid the itlca that our embarrassmens
owing to the tr.msition from a state of war to a’
state of pc:1ce.—-(‘2 tlis'sen'.ing voices.)

I\‘(.'S0f?»'(.‘dy That the grand and primary cause of
the prostrate state of our tnanufacturcs, is the
*3X'l“a\(tgall! inundation of foreign goods poured
into our couu;ry, in consequence of the want of
atleqt ate. protection for the national industry ;
which goods are sold at such reduced rates as to
deprive _our citizens of a chance of sale Oftiicit‘
:n.tn:tfacrttt'es; whereby our country is plunged
in debt, our wealth tlr-aimed array to support the
industry offoreign nations—-and a heavy perma-
nent annual tax imposed on us. to pay the inter-
est of tb e government and bank stock, remitted
in payment for these goods.--(1 dissenting voice.)

Rcwlvctl, That the intercourse between the U-
nited States and most of the countries of Europe.
is carried on without adequate reciprocity ; as our
chief manufactures, and even some of our agri-
cultural productions, are there excltrtletl by posi-
tive prohibitions, or by extravagant duties: Whll“
our government prohibits no article wbate.ver,and

0

atively light, and wholly inadequate for protection.

RCSOfv€d, That it be earnestly recommended to
the ti-icntls ofthe welfare of their country, to unite
rheir exertions to induce Congress, at its next
session, to remove the source of the evils under
which the nation labors, by such a modification of
the tariff, as will afford protection to the industry
of the citizens of the United States, equal to what
is affortlt-d by the mom rchies of Europe to the in-
dustry of their subjects.

Rt-Sbfilftf, That the committee of correspond-
ence appointed on the 4th tilt. be a standing com-
mittee "to correspond with such citizens of this
and the other states, as may be disposed to co-op-
erate in the support of national industry.

MAT'l‘l l E\-V LAVVLER, Chairman.

Coxnv RAG-UET, Secretary.

—-——¢n-::'.-(29%?-:‘.'.-enu-‘——-—

OUR RELATl(').NS VVITH SPAIN.

The following interesting documents were
presented to the House of Representatives on the
I4-th inst. by the Chairman of the committee: on
Foreign Relations .-

The S.r?c1‘cfar‘y q/‘State to Air. Lo-wndcs.
'v’illia,m Lowntles, Esq. Chairman

ofthe Committee of Foreign Relations :
Dcfiartment qf State, like/zingzon, Dec. 16, l8l9.

SIR——-VVith reference to the question propo-
sed by the committee, ‘ whether the Executive
considers the Florida Treaty as a subsisting one,
valid, according to national law, and giving the
same perfect rights, antl imposing the same per-
fect obligations, as if it had been ratified,’ I have
the honor to slate that the President considersthe
Treaty ofthe 22d February, 1819, as obligatory
upon the honor and good faith of Spain, not as a
perfect treaty, (ratification being an essential for-
mality to tbat,) but as a compact which Spain was
bound to ratify—-as an adjustment of the differ-
enccs between the two nations, which the King
of Spain, by his full power to his Minister, nad
solemnly promised to approve, ratify, and fulbl.
This adjustment is assumed as the measut'c.of
what the United States had a right to obtain from
Spain from the signature of the Treaty. The
principle may be illustrated by reference to rules
of moniciple law relative to transactions‘) between
intlivitluals. The tlifference between the treaty
unratihed and ratified may be likened to the dif-
f-:l‘el]Ce between a covenant to convey lands and
the deeds of conveyance itself. Upon a breach
of the covenant to convey, courts of equity decree
that the party who has broken his covenant shall

Spain must be responsible to the United States
""-7' e"~"y wrong done by her, after the signature

* =-- eaty by her minister; and the refusal to
" s act is the first wrong for which they are

for redress.

 re the honor to be, with great respect, sir,

')C(llt:llI servant. JOHN AD:‘.l‘.'l$.i

r‘-.!.s' rgfa fC'N{‘7'_/‘)‘t¢77Z t/zc Secrct'a'r_t,- Q/' Stair? to

Mr. Lo:.'m(lr.9.
Dxarartrtttizzxi‘ or S'l‘.-t'1‘t!.,»---
_ 21st December, l8l9.
- lam Lmvndes, Esq. Chairman
of the committee of Foreign Relations.

'olR—In answer to the questions contained in

>

er‘ party all damages which he has sustained by A

And the resort to force is limit-‘

hatl ratified, and then ot‘t.leu:tl the Governor 0:",

LATE FOREIGN NEWS. .
Lonnofv, Feb. 18.
Franco:-—Pa‘ris_ papers of Tuesday, communi-
cate a variety of facts connected with the assas-

ri. A_mong the'most important of these is the
undeniable one, that the atrocious crime was com-
mitted from political motives. This alarming

Member's of the two Chambers, who met to ad-
dress his Majesty. upon the mournful occasion,
but 1S recognized by the King himself. In his
answer to the Deputies, he says—-t The Cham-
ber cannot doubt, that,_'feeling as a,man, and act.
mg as a King‘. I shodld adopt every measure to
preserve the State from dangers, of -which I am.
but too s_e7z.9ibly' /‘oretwarned by the crime Q/'t];i.9 day."
In ‘the Chamber of Peers", M. dc Cazes appear-
ed, with an ordinanceof the King, constituting
that Chamber, pursuant to an article‘ in the char.

forthwith the criminal. In a speech, M. de Cazes
said-—‘ If this crime fills our hearts. with profound
indignation, whatmust be our feelings, when the
confessions of the criminal himself, (who glories
in his offence) inform us, that the august individ-
ual who has fallen, was not the only one whose
death was mcditated,but that all those upon whom
our destinies rest, to whom were foreverlinked
or-r fidelity and love, were condemned ; and that
the most sacred life, as well as the most necessa-
try to the country, had equally its fatal termina-
tion in the designsof the criminal.’

‘Such was the terrific declaration of the Prime
Minister of France to the assembled Peers. Can
it be possible. then, that the wretched Louvel (the
assassin) is without accomplices?

In the sitting of the Chamber of deputies, Feb.
14th, M. de Conssergucs, a member accused M,
de Cazes, the minister of state, of having been an
accomplice in the assassination of the Duke of
Berti. This circumstance occasioned much fer-
ment in (Paris, and it was reported that De Cazes
had tendered his resignation to the King.

1°a7'I'-9, Fell. 16.--The alarm in the public is
such, that.a.great number of fo_reignel‘S quit Paris
with precipitation, being fearful that a revolution
IS about to take place. Yesterday and to-day, it
was almost impossible to obtain post horses. No
doubt the assassination of the Duke of Berti is
the first cause of alarm; but is it not probable
that it has been increased by the imprudent re.
marks of the newspapers, and by the measurgs
proposed by the government to the chambers .7
- S/1ai71.——Lcltt:t‘s from Bayonne, state that an
crgagcrnent had taken place in the neighborhood
of Seville, between the Royal troops anti the in-
surgents, in which the former were completely
beaten.

According to letters from Cadiz of the 151 Fe},
all is tranqual in that cit ' ; but it is the tranquil-
ity of 3 man in agony. The insurgents are in
such force, that the chief of the National Army
has detached a division of 3000 men for Algesi-

your letter of the 10th inst. I have the honor to
state, for the information of the committee, 1
lst. l'hat information has been received by the
Governmcnt of the United States, though not
through a direct chanml, nor in authentic form,
that another motive besides those alledged in the
letter of the duke of San Fernando to M r. For-
sytb, did operate upon the Spanish Cabinet, to if.-
(lucg ;_}~,¢ W}: hboiding of the ratific-.v.ian of‘:he E'z‘Oe‘«-’
ty. namely", the apprehension tb'-.'t_ the ratification
would be ityimetliately followed by the recogni-
tior by the United States of the independence of
one or more of the South American Provinces.--
It has been suggested, that the most important
part of the explanation which the minister to be
sentby Spain, will be instructed to ask, will con-
sist of an explicit declaration of the intentions of
this Government in that respect. There is rea-
son also to believe, that the impunity with which
pl‘i-.'atCel‘S are fitted out, manned, anti ofi’Ecer'etl,
in one or more of our ports, will be alleged among
the reasons for delay, and perhaps some pledge
may be required of the effectual execution against
these practises. of laws, which appear to exist in
the Statute book.
It may be proper to remark that during the ne-
gociatioo of the Florida Treaty, repeated and ve-
ry earnest efibrts were made, both by Mr. Pi-
zarro, at Madrid, and by Mr. Onis here, to ob-
tain from the government of the United States
either a positive stipulation or a tacit promise.
that the United States would notiecognize any of
the South American revolutionary governments;
and that the Spanish negociators were distinctly
antl explicitly informed that this government I
would not assent to any such engagements, either
express or implit.-d.
2. By all the information which has been ob-
tained of the pr0spectiv.: views of the French and
Russian governments, in relation to the course
which it was by them thought probable would be
pursued by the United States, it is apparent that
they strongly apprehended the immediate forci-
ble occupation of Florida by the U. States, on the
non-ratification by Spain of the treaty, within the
stipulated time. France and Russia both have
most earnestly dissuaded us from that course,
not by any regular tvfhcial communication, but by
informal friendly advice; tleprecaling immedi-
ate hostility,on accountofits tendency to kintlle
a general war. which they fear would be the Con-
sequence ofa war between the United States and
Spain. It was alledged that, in the present state
of our controversy with Spain, the opinion of all
Europe on the point at issue was in our favor and
against her. That by exercising patience a little
longer, by waiting at least to bear the Minister,
who was announced as coming to give and receive
explanations, we could noft fall of obtaining ulti-
mately, without resort to for-ce,~the right to which
it was admitted we were entitled. But that pre-
cipitate measures of violence might not only pro-
voke Spain to war, but would change the state of
the question between us ; would exhibit us to the
world as the agressors, and would indispose a-
gainst us those now the most decided in our fa-'
vor. .
It is not expected that in the event ofa war
with Spain any European power will openly take
a part in it against the United States ; but there
is no doubt that the principal reliance of Spain
will be upon the employment of privateers in
France and England, as well‘ "as in the East and
‘Vest Intlia Seas, and upon our own coast, under
the Spanish Flag, but manned from all nations, in-
cluding citizens of our own expatriated into Span-‘

convey, and, l'ur-the_r,- shall make good to the oth-

ish subjects for the purpose.

ras, to accompany from thence to the hcatl quar-
tcrs, several members of the Cortes who had
landed there. The troops have left Vittoria for
Galllcia, where some troubles have broken out.

.n'h2.t'zvcr/2. jFcb. l6.'—-VVc have just received
positive news ofthe occupation of Cadiz by the
insurgents. A vessel which arrived at Ostentl
day before vesterdav fromtxhat port.-. F-< -xi---
as t‘:.nttt‘e Certalrity of it.

Lontltm, .Frb. 15.'——'l‘he intelligence respecting
the Spanish insurrection, is ofitnportance. Gen.

' l"reyt'c, on the 28th ult. had not marched against

the rebels. who, according to one account, ‘ are
fc.-rtificd up to their teeth.‘ The alleged reason
for the delay is, the extreme reluctance on the
part of the government to shed any blood, and
the hope that tranquility maybe restored with-
out resorting to that extreme. If this is policy,
we have no hesitation in saying it is bad, for
clemency to traitors has never been found a pro-
teclicn from treason. W76 are afraid, however,
the delay does not spring from tenderness, but
from necessity. Gen. Freyre either has not a
sufii-zicncy of troops with which to encountertbe
rebels, or he cannot rely upon their fidelity ; for
admitting even the pretext that is urged, surely
he cannot expect while he remains inactive at
Seville, the insurgents will march there to him,
and lay down their arms.

‘ The Insurgents wear a red-cockade, ornamen-
ted with a green triangle.’

The at'.emp't of Santiago-, on the evening of the
24th, to produce an insurrection at Cadiz, was of
a more formidable character than was at first im-
agined. He was the officer of the day, and his
intention was to open the gates of the city to the
rebels. His scheme was frustrated, but not un-
til four=.een of his followers were killed, and ma-
ny wounded. He himself made his escape.

The Spanish Minister, antl several other per-
sons who have hat] the confidence of the King,
have been arrested at Matlritl, and sent into exile.

The l:‘.mperor of Russia has abolished all the
war taxes, imposed in the year l8I:2..

A difi't-trence has oflate existed between George
the Fourth and his Ministry, which arose from a’
wish strongly expressed on the part ofthe King,
to bring his Queen. to mat, which would have ter-
minated in her conviction, and conset/ucrzt 6t-ltcad-
mg on the scaflbld.’ The moment the Ministry
understood this, they sent in their resignations.
The K.ing;., finding his cabinet and the nation op-
posed to so sanguinary a procedure, abandoned it.
It was said, however, be had positively declared
he would not suffer her to be crowned with him.
She was expected in England, and the opposition
were making preparations to give her asplentlitl
reception.

The Duke of ‘Wellington is said to have lost
the whole of his immense fortune at the gaming
table. One of the winnerswas the Duke of Clar-
ence ; the other, Lord Yarmotuh.

From Frzmce.-'—-Capt. Haskill,‘ arrived at Bos-
ton in 23 days from Rochelle, reports that four
of the French Ministry had been imprisoned, on
suspicion of being accessary to the assassination
of the Duke of Berri. Capt.'H. brought Paris
papers to the l9ll1 Feb. The King had issued a
decree authorizing the arrest and trial of all sus-
pected persons ; and a bill wasbefore the Cham-
bers, for intertiicting the publication of all news-
papers. but such as are specially authorised by a
committee of censors appointed by the King.

The King continued to receive addresses of
condolence on the death of his nephew, and of as-
surunces of love and devotion to him and family.-.

sination of his Royal higbness the Duke dc Ber-_

truth was distinctly admitted. not only by thel

ter, a Judicial tribunal, for the purpose of trying r

From S'myrna.—-Capt. Gerry, arrived at Ividré
_l-llehcady reports," that a fire broke out at Smyrna
on the morning of the first ofJanuary, which con-
i““_“eE1 12 h0l"‘3s and destroyed 1500 builtlings,
principally shops. ’

“'07” f’W°70€€,0 -Plittce Hamet Muley,the per-
San appointed to serve out tea to the Emperor-_and_
 Prime M1ntster,was assassinated at Mequinez,
in Dec. last, on the public parade, by one of the
EmP€l‘0I"s guard. After his death his house was
ransacked and demolished by the populace. Vast
qanrtttes of gold and silver were found, the fruits
0* ‘"5 T_8Pmes besides many letters to the Emper-
pr, which he had never delivered. The guards.
in consequence of the former impositions off the
late favorite‘, were in open rgbel1',,,,_,,.a,,d had ta‘,-
ken possession of all the roads leatling to the
king's res1dence,where he may be considered as
‘a pr1soner.—1V[erc. ./Idv. ' '

A.

COUNTY MEE'1‘lNG.,

At 3 flellti Tal meeting of tbeRcpublicans of Fair-
field county, held at Knap’s hotel, in Fairfield,
on the 16th of March, 1820, the following Ad-
dress was approved,and ordered to be published.

To the Rcjzublican Electors of Faz'r_'fic[d County,

The (lav approaches. when you will be called
upon to give in your votes for the ps'ir1cipzfl O6‘:-,
cers of our State Government. In a government:
of laws, the law-making power is far the most im-
portant. The Legislature can do ‘egery thing,
nqt fo_rbitlden by your Constitution, and the Con-
stitution of the United States; and there is no
calculating the importance of appointing such
men to the General Assembly, as understand the
 and possess the feelings of the people;

*3)’ "lay be your real, and not your 7tomz'na('
'eP"°59m3l1Ves. The right of voting is invalua-
ble. and ought to be exercised with a due regard
to the general welfare. The present administra-
tion of our State government enjoys, in a remark-
able degrce, the confidence ofthe people, It is
respected at home and abroad, for its modera-
tion, wisdom and ccono . - l . ‘ . ., _
ually improvintr. (_il‘.€ItTl])("alllTf)lili ifvusseadebgmd
rulers, in the work of reformation sol ' our

- . , iappny be-
gun, that ewry rueasure contenwplated may be
understood and receive the public approbation,
before it is finally adopted. Our srar¢s.,,'.,., 31-:
practical men, having no TI]Oll\e inn 11,9 g¢,,e,.,._}
good; and like the skilfnl physician, they feel
the public pulse, and ascertain the nature of the
dlsorders in tTi'e'T)‘otiy politic, before thev admin-
istcr their remedies. You alrcatly b«_gin mic,-1
very sensibly the l.)C'nt-.f1:snf:l.r:it'lalmuris - 2o,oot;
d0”3l'-5: dt l¢il'~*'.~ are Sllll,l~'.‘\Xl trvzza alrc amount of
your annual cxpentli‘.u;c~.; and they will unti't.~ul>t-“
cdly do much more to l't.(lllCC the cXpc1‘.L‘cS, sin}.-
pliffy the laws, and guard the perrn-a.nent inter yr."
of the community.

And now the great question aris; ‘T5 for 7:
reflect ‘on before hand, and solemnly ti-_-tit
your votes, on the first Monday of April 1,
whether you will elect, for your rulers, other -,'
who have exerted all their factzllies and infim
to defeat and even ridicule the plans of refo
tion, above alluded to ;ar.tl who have fol l‘.'lt:l‘lr

on 
'2,

nis‘ "F °Hf‘.ll Dalllable evidence of
ext‘ - ~ - Wm. -
der

think (,f_

If one of yoh had a case to ,.,., _,__

anti an experienced lawyer to manage it, w’
prepared and become master -of it, won!

think of dismissing him, as the trial wast

on, to engage a more cfhcious atlvocate
quaintetl with your case, merely because

nestly solicited employment, and pror

gain a verdict in your favour? or non

you, ifdangerou sly sick, dismiss your fat

sician, at the crisis of the tiiseasc, and

quack at that critical moment, with the I('~'..'llbnt
expectation of his being more likely to complete
the cure ? Exercise then, in the choice of your
rulers, the same prudence, and the same discre-
tion as you are in the habit ofiexercising in the
common afl'=.rirs of life," and nothing more is want-
ing to maintain the ascendancy of the re/zutzlitarz
Cause. ,

You cannot be ignorant that an an active and
insidious opposition to our present State admin-
istration, is orgztnizetl ; and that a s'._v's't€IIl of op-
erations has commenced, which would diz-grace.
any party, and which none but the most deepes-
ate would adopt.

Let us take a glance at the measures, and po-
litical character of the men with nhom we have
to content], and who lay claim to public favor and
confidence. You are too well acquainted with"
them to require many particulars. They beg
and pray for power and office; but who are they,
in fact, and on what do they found their p,,'eten-
sions?

They are the same men, wboin,,1804,arraign-
ed at the bar of the Ceneral Assembly,_fivc Jus-
tices ofthe Peace, andretoked their commissions-
for expressing an honest antl correct opinion that
this state had then no Constitution of civil govern-
merit.

They are the same men who formerly held up
all republicans, however worthy and respectable,
as objects of scorn, contempt, and derision ; and.
for a mere difference of opinion, proscribetl, anti
excluded them from the offices and honors of the
State.

They’ are the same men who plotted and justi-
fied the infamous projects of the Hartford Con-
vention, which were notoriously designed to in-
troduce civil war and bloodshed, and to dissolve
the Union. '

Tbe_v are the same men who contrived ant’:
passed the celebrated 145,000 dollars appropiation
act, for the purpose of buying your votes 3 With
were in favor of continuing their nine Superior
Court Judges, forty County Court Judges. two
sessions of the General Assembly, and many oth-
er measures of extravagance, misnwnagetnénts
favoritism and folly.

These measures are familiar to you ; and you
know that they were adopted for the purpose of
rewarding federal partizans, and to fortify and
entrench themselves beyond the reach of the
great majority of the people. Happily these
measures failed of their intended purpose, and
their authors were hurled from power by an in-
dignant community. _

Fellow-Cz'tz'zcns——You know their objects Now.
and you know also the inconsistency of tbe‘.'.‘

conduct.

V'-