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. ;:::|:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::332%: ‘ fljai’ -flute a/nd S88 Congress.
Published wary Wednesday, by The OGDS, just received by I Housrf 071? REpni::r.N1'AT1v'Es. -
NICHOLS ‘Y PRICE’ I 5’ W 111121111 J- St1‘€9l-- DEBATE on €iii»iai:ysEi711NoLE WAR.
Near the Bridge, NORWALK, Conn.
TER.\is.-—-Town subscribers, and
' those who receive their papers by Post, _;
$2 per annum, payable quarterly. ;;
Mail Subscribers, 352, in advance‘.
Advertisemcntsconspicuouslyinsert- ::
ed, on moderate terms. 3;
%::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::}§{{
_ I/VEEKLY .flI.1lI.A{./V‘./ICK. -
FEBRUARY. | GR. | es. | It.j)s.
‘f(.J“VVednesday 6 53 5 7 rise
11 Thursday 6 52 5 _ 8 6 S4-
;2 Friday 5 51 5 9 7 39
13 Saturday 6 49 5 ll 8 44
14 Sunday 6 48 5 12 9 50
15 Monday 6 46 5 14 ll 0
16 Tuesday 6 44 5 l6 morn
Cheap Cash Store.
BETTS & CANNON,
Havejust received a fresh supply ‘of
Fall 8," Wcntcr Goods,
’Nhich makes their assortment equal, if not su-
perior, to any in town, which they are selling at
BL ACK-ROCK PRICES, and of which, the follow-
ing are a small part :—-
Black, blue, bottle green, drab and mixt Broad
cloths ’
Black, blue, drab and mixt Cassimeres,
Peli.-.'se Cloths, Sattinetts
Lyon-skin Coating. Rose Blankets
Florentine, Merseilles, swansdown and toil-
net Vestings
Manchester Velvets and Cords
Red, white, yellow, blue and black Flannels
Figured and plain Bombazetts, assorted colors
Italian and French Crape, figured Rattinettj
Black and changeable Florence and Levantines
Figured Levantines, VVhite Sattin
VVhite and green Sarcenet
Cotton w-adding, for Ladies’ Great Coats
‘Merino, silk, and cotton imitation Shawls
Leno, book, cambrick, and mulmul Muslins
Cambric Dimities, sarcenet‘Cambrie.s
Corded Cambrics
V/Virc Cotton ‘£11.: Floss Threads
Silk, cotton, and 'worsted Hosiery
English and French silk Gloves
IV-ashetl Leather, Beaver, and Kid Gloves
Men’s Deer-skin Gloves and Mittens
Merino Trimmings, Irish Linens
A_r1teri:.:-tn 7:: India cotton Sliectitig 8: Shirting
Linen and cotton Bedticking
American and English Check
Cotton Candlewick
J12 assortment of HARDW./IRE (wd CROOK-
ERY. »
—-ALSO—- t
Jamaica and St. Cl'0lX Rum,
American and French Brandy
Do. and Holland Gin
liludeira, 'l'en.eriffe, , , .
American and Port I IVITES7
Hyson, Young lIyson,.
Hyson Skin, and TEAS’.
Souchong
Loaf and Lump Sugar
Muscovado do.
by the barre-l,or retail
Coffee and Spices .
Indigo and Dye VVoods
Cotton, of superior,and ordinary qualities
Salt,‘ 8:c. ”
Norwalk, Oct. 27. 26
‘ I0. 1. Front-Street.’
, Lewis Mcollory 85' Co. I
Have just received from New-York, a new
and fresh supply of
~Dry Goods,‘ Groceries, and
', Crockery,
Purchased for CASH, at very reduced prices.
I Molasses,
Ofa very superior quality, at 5.9. per gallon, and
other articles in proportion. Dec. 30.
I No. 2, Front-Street—._»
A ./Isa Lockwood,
HAS just received a new and Choice select-
ion of (j'ROC'1;'RIES, which were bought
at reduced prices, and will be sold accordingly.
The following are a part :
Jamaica Spirits Tamarinds
St. Cioix Rum‘ VVinds0t‘ Stbar Soap
New-England Rum Candles
\'v'heat and Rye Flour
Goshen Butter, by the
iirkin or less quantity
Cheese, Crackers
Salt ‘
Codfish, Pickled-fish
Sounds and Tongues
50 bushels Rye
Cogniac 8c cider Brandy-
Holland and American
Gin
and Currant \Vines
Lump, Leaf and brown
Sugars
Pepper, Allspice,
Ginger, Nutmegs, Plug 8: paper Tobacco.
Cassia, Raisins Powder and shot.
The above articles, with many others nothere
enum-t rated, will be sold on reasonable terms.-'-—
Persons wishing to purchase, are invited to call
and see, at his store a few rods east of the bridge.
Norwalk, Jan. _lS. - 37
They were bought at .duction, and will be
sold,(wlien Cash is oll'ered,) something cheap-
er than
flmong the artticles ‘added to his stock, may
bi: fo-Imd,,
Superfine Broad Cloths, of various colours
An assortment of common Navy Blues, mixt,
Stc. &(f. A
Black, blue, mixt, and brown Cassimeres
Fine Pelisse Cloths,low priced brown do.
Red, white, and yellow Flannels
Black, brown, and scarlet Bombazetts
Blue, green, orange, and crimson do.
Black and figured Rattinett
Anclegant assortment Ribbons
Silk stripe toilnet Vesting
Marseilles and swansdtlvvn do.
Black Florentine do.
Best Carlisle, pink, and‘ btlff Ginghams
American (I0-
Cambric, book, and India Muslins
Bleached and unbleached American Shirting
Furniture and other Calicoes
Black tabby and Manchester Velvet
Best Italian Crapes, Merino Shawls
Imitation Shawls, new style,-—dark purple do.
Canton, flag, and bandanoe Handkerchiefs
Flag, and Madrass cotton _(lo.
Stout India Hkdfs. and Shawls, I2 1-Scts. each
Purple and white Kid Gloves
Black and white silk do.
Gentlemens Beaver do.
Common undress’d Ladies do. at 18 cts. pr.pair
20 doz. map’d and Madrass Hdkfs. 6 cts. each
_ ——LIKEWISE--
.9 new supply of GROCERIES cf‘ II./2I£D-
’ WJIRE, consisting of
Rum, Brandy, Gin, I-Vines, Molassess, Sugars,
Teas, Spices, box and keg Raisins, 8:c.——Cutlery,
Butts, Hinges, Locks, Screws, No_rf0lk 8: Thumb
Latches, and good brass balletl Candlesticks, at
12 1-2 cents.
—-AI.s0——
.522 e.'ctetn.si~ue assortment of GROCKERY,
Bought at a Sheril-‘f’s' sale, for half its value, and
will besold accordingly. Dec. 15.
Ilfore Ch(—:oLpGoods.
Lewis Mallory &' Co.
Are now opening, and offering for sale, a
new and choice selection of
Dry Goods, Groceries, and
Crockery,
- -—AMONG wmcn .utE—-'-
and mixt Cloths
Cassimeres .
Sattinets, Flannels, (a good assortment
lllack and colored Bombazetts
Black and red figured Rattinctts
Imported and American Ginghams
Blac.k,brown,plumb,and crimson tubby Velvets
Black silk, and olive Manchester Do.
Flor:-ntine, l\Ia:t‘Seillcs, and toilncttVestings
American cotton Shot-.ting‘
Ame: iczm and India Muslins
Plain and figured Juc_onet Do.
Saccenet Cambrics and Mul Muls
Irish Linen, Linen Cambrics [trings
Good Italian Crapes, black Levantine and Lus-
Beaver, kid, and silk Gloves
Creen and white Floreuces
Pink and buff Cinghams _
Canton and Flag Handkerchiefs
American and India Checks
\Vorsted and cotton Hose 1
Dutch Blankets, Bedticking, Stc. Sic. &c.
_Lz'kc7vise,
A good assortment of GROCERIES, and a
large assortment of CROC1£'ERY,(very cheap,
among which are Dining Plates, at 25. 3d. per
dozen, or 14 cents per sett.
fI‘he above articles comprise but a small part
of their assortment Persons Wishing to put‘-
chase will do well to call and look for themselves.
Norwalk, Oct. 27. 26
l?3’°NeW Cash Store.
Eli B. Bennett,
Hasjust returned from New-York, with a
" new supply of
lDry Goods, Groceries, Hard-
ware, and Crockery,
Purchased at very reduced prices, and together
with his former assortment, will befisold accord-
inglv. —.\Lso— .
CODFISH and SALT, ofsuperior qualities.
V Being determined to sell CHEAP, it will be
for the interest of those who are desirous of
purchasing, to call. '
./Vbrwalk, a_/cw rods east;
oft/re Bridge, Dec. 1. 31
To be sold at private-sale,
BOUT forty acres of LAND, handsomely
situated on Belden’s Hill, about 3 miles
from Norwallt Bridge. ‘The above Land is of
an excellent quality, and under good improve-
ment. An indisputable title andimmediate pos-
session will be given. For terms, apply to '
HANNAH B. SKIDDY, or
SAMUEL BURRALL.
Norwalk, Oct. 13.
951-
I
'§%/EAL superfine blue, black, olive brown,-
If..\:tra superfine blue, black, mixt, and drab.
‘shocking to describe.
[co1:'i‘iNu1~:D.] .
Mr. HOLMES of Massachusetts, said, the
gentleman from Georgia, (Mr. Cobb) having ap-
pealed to the comm_on sense of the committee,
he felt himself obliged, having some claim to that
very common and vulgar commodity, to attempt
to answer the gentli.-man’\s call.
This is not, said Mr. H. the only inducement.
The very handsome, able and gentlemanly man-
ner in which that gentleman has supported his
resolutions, entitles him to the particular consid-
ei-ation of every member who differs from him,
and demands our utmost effoi ts to combat his
arguments and resist the force of his eloquence.
It is not, sir, because General Jackson has ac-
quired so much glory in defence of his country's
rights, that I defend him. It is not for the splen-
dor of his achievements or the brilliancy of his
character. I would not compromit the rights
and liberties of my country, to screen any man,
however respectable. If Gen. Jackson has been
ambitious, I would restrain him ; if cruel, I would
correct him; if he is proud, I would humble
him; if he is tyranical, I would disarm him.
And yet, I confess, it would require pretty strong
proof to produce conviction that he has intention-
ally done wrong. At his age of life, crowned
with the honors, and loaded with the gratitude of
his country, what adequate motive could induce
him_ to tarnish his glory by acts of cruelty and
revenge ? ‘
Nor am I disposed to become the advocate of
Executive usurpation. - If the President of the
United States has encroached upon the rights of
the‘ people, or usurped a power not granted by the
‘constitution, it is our duty as the guardians of
those rights, to correct the mischief and preserve
the republic.
And yet, it would be difficult to imagine an
adequate motive to induce the President to tram-
ple upon the constitutional liberties of the people.
His life has been constantly devoted to the liber-
ties, prosperity, and honor of his country. He
receives his reward in the gratitude and confi-
dence ofthe people. The chief of the only free
people on earth, I could scarcely imagine that he
has an inducement to do wrong, much less to
. prostrate the fabric of freedom, which his own
hands have contributed to erect.
I assure the gentleman from Georgia, that in
endeavoring to anticipate :.ie arguments of the
friends of Gen. Jackson and the President, he
has not anticipated me. I admit, in the outset,
that the President has no right to commence a
war, even against Indians. And I further admit,
that, if a treaty between this and another nation
"‘1";i: ViU‘i2i‘i.'L'(i by the other party, and the violation
is notz'tse{f an act of war, but such as would jus-
tify hostilities on our fzart, the President has no
right to conm_,ience these hostilities, without the
consent of Congress. If. with these admissions,
the President and Gen. Jackson cannot be defend-
ed, they cannot, in my opinion, be defended at
all.
It is then ipcumbcnt on me to show that the
Indians commenced the war. I shall not detain
the committee long on this point, at present, as
I shall be obliged to examine it more particularly
in discussing another part of the subject. It can-
not, however, sir, have escaped the recollection
of the members of this House, that the agress-
ions of those Seminoles were loudly complained
of by the people of Georgia. Scarccly a news-
paper from the South, but was filled with dismal
accounts of Indian massacres. Scarcely a breeze
but wafted to our ears the dangers, distresses and
murders of the people on the frontiers of Geor-
gia. ‘Were these all groundless rumors and
false alarms? VVere the Gegrgians in fact the
aggressors? The gentleman from Georgia can
answer the question. '
On the 9th of August, 1814, atreatyyvas sign-
ed at Fort Jackson, between the United States and
most of the chiefs and warriors of the Creek Na-
lion. By this treaty, certain lands were ceded to
the United States, and the inhabitants of the fron-
tiers understood that the war was ended. But
it was soon found that several ofthe hostile Creeks
and the Seminoles, had, within the limits of Flor-
ida, associated, for the purpose of commencing
hostilities against the United States. By thein-
-A stigation and aid ofa certain Col. Nicholls, a fort
was erected on the Appalachicola, and within the
province of East Florida, to facilitate their hos-
tile designs. At this place were assembled a
motley banditti of negroes, Indians and fugitives
from all nations, and trained and instructed in
the arts of robbery and murder. The people of
the United States soon felt the effects of their
vengeance. Several families, including women
and children, were barbarously murdered. In
I816, a boat’s crew were cruelly butchered, one
of whom was tarred, set on fire and burnt to death.
On the 30th November last, Lieut. Scott, and
his party, consisting of about fifty men, women
‘and children, were murdered in a manner too
In this exigency, what
was to be done.
The constitution of the United States makes
the President the_ command or in chief of the ar-
my, and of the militia when called into the ser-
vice of the United States. It vests in Congress
the power to provide for calnng out the militia to
suppress insurrections and repel invasions. The
act of Congress of the 28th of I"ebruary,.l795,
provides that whenever the United States shall
be invaded, or inimminent danger of invasion,
the President may call _out any portion of the mi-
, litia to repel the meditated attack, and, to this
end, may direct his orders to any oliicer of the
4.
militia, without a requisition upon the Governors
of the states. The framers of the constitution,
by authorizing the President to repel invasion,
did not intend that he should wait until it should
have taken place. Should invasion impend, it was
essential that the President should have the pew.
er to fzrevcnt it. The preposterous doctrine that
the invasion must take place_ before the militia
can be called for, is, I trust, long since exploded,
This actis an exposition of this clause in the con-
stitution, acquiesced in ever sincethe year I795.
The President, then, may employ the .mi]iiia
without a special authority from Congress,'when
there is invasion or danger of it. And he can
use the army as well as the militia. He is their
commander in chief, and though the act to which
I have just referred does not especially authorize
him to employthe standing army for these pur-
poses, yet it is manifest that our regular troops
would never have been placed on our frontiers in
time of peace, if they could not be employed by
the President to repel invasion, without an act of
Congress. If the army of the U. States, during
invasion, were to remain inactive,_until Congress
could be convened to authorize them to act, they
would be worse than useless. Though I am not
in the habit of placing much reliance on the ad-
missions of my opponents, I trust it will not be
insisted that the President has not the ‘power to
employ the army for the same purposes as_ the
militia.
The war having been commenced by the Sem-
inoles and their associates, and the President of
the U. -States having the power, by the constitu.
tion and laws of the United States, to meet and
repel the enemy, the inquiry is important, on
-what ground he may meet them. I differ from
many gentlemen, in regard to the political rights
of the Indians. Whatsoever may be their rights
in jzeace, either by natural or conventionallaw, in
war I deem them as sovereign. Their residence
wi_thin the limits of the United States, limits to
which they have never assented, neither brings
them within our protection nor entitles us to their
allegiance. The laws of the U. States have no
operation upon them, and if they levy war, they
are not punishable as traitors. A tribe of Indians
whose territoit)’ is exclusively within our limits,
may Wage war and make peace with us. pursue,
capture and destroy us, send and receive flags,
grant and receive capitulations, and are entitled
to a reciprocation of every act of civilized war-
fare, and subject to the same rules ofseverity and
retaliation as other nations. To invade their ter-
ritory and cross their line is, as to them, passing
out of the limits of the United States. And if
Gen. Jackson had no right, in this war, to cross .
the Florida line, neither had he a right to cross
the Indian line within our limits. If there is a-
ny force in the argument so often urged on other
occasions, that every war of invasion is an offen-
sive war, and one, consequently, which the Presi-
dent could not wage without the authority of Con-
gress, then, it follows, that Congress must do-
clare war, before the President can march the
militia across the Indian line, even within the
limits of the U. States. But such a construction
of the constitution is totally inadmissible.__..
When war is commenced by savages. it becomes
the duty of the President to repel and punish
them. To follow them to the line affords us no
security-—the invasion cannot be effectually rc-
/zellcd, but by pursuing them into their own ter-
ritory, and retaliating on them there. Such has
been the uniform construction of the power of
the.President, ever since the adoption ofthe con-
stitution. In no instance, that I recollect. has
Congress declared war against an Indian tribe.--
The defeat of St. Clair, and subsequent victory
of VVayne, were on Indian territory. The bot-
tle at Tippecanoe, fought by my friend from O-
hio, with so much honor to himself and satisfac-
tion to his country, was within the limits of the
Indian nation. In neither of these instances was
a declaration of war deemed necessary by Con-
gress. . .
If, then, it be true that this war was commen-
ced by these savages, we have brought Gen. Jack-
son and his army up to the Florida line, and, I
trust, without any material violatibn of the con-
stitution or laws of the U. States. Let us now
stop and examine the ground on the other side
before we attempt to pass it.
The territory of Florida, which the] general and"
his troops are about to enter, from St. Marks to
Pensacola in length, and from the United States
to the Gulf in breadth, comprehends, probably,
not less than 10,000 square miles. ‘ Spain claims
a jurisdiction over this tract, as comprehended
within the two provinces ; and ltint'.l'.i(les,— I am
told, about 3000 Spaniards in all——250O of whom
are in and about Pensacola, and the residue scat-
tered on the Choctaw river, and a few families on
the Appalachicola. The number of Indians
there cannot be well ascertained, but far exceeds
the white population. The possessions of the
Spaniards are exceedingly limited, and their ju-
risdiction is merely nominal. The Indians have,
in fact, the possession and the control.
But, suppose we admit that the Spaniards andfi-i
This is‘-
Indians have a concurrent jurisdiction.
the most that can be pretended. And upon this
hypothesis, what are the rights of the U. States?
The territory of these Indians is on both sides»
the Florida line. Their possessions and resi-
dence are transient and ambulatory, without re-
gard to this line. The nation, if such they may
be called,_i_s at war with us, and, in this war they
can occupy‘, their territory in Florida in spite of
Spain. Singular, indeed would it be, if we should
be engaged in war with an enemy whwhad aper-
fect right to be, where we had no right to meet
him. Spain claims a jurisdiction to a territory
occupied by our epemy ; she has ro‘pow'er nor.
inclination to expel them, and yet it is gravely-
Norwalk Chronicler