‘M..l;inp; on that cl'.ry', as appears by statement
mg agg,-g;;ar.c amount. 9,7,8il3.4-34: 78.
Since the 30th "$ept.~ri1ber'tlier.-.-‘has been rc-
deemcd, or provision made for the redemption
of a moiety of the I40u_‘l~'aliIll'.i. stock, unpaid on the
15'. ()Cl'lbtl‘,.l8 31 4 977‘950 00
3 Andtliere will be rlirnbursccl, of the principal
pf the’ ‘cl.-:fered 6 percent stock, on the ist day
“of January, 1819, by estlirrate_25>_:,‘()9l 63---T‘-
s,23o,o‘4.r 63. , j A _
There will remain unredeemed, l)y_estimate,
on the lst’ day of .lunua=‘y, 1819, the sum of92,-
so.-1,-s93 l5. . . . _ _ .
By sraiemcnt (3) the Treasury Notes which
are vet in (Eirculation, are cstirnatcrl at 297.50600.
liy st-atemerrt (6) it appears, that the wlrole of
the aw-ard3~_rnadc by tliecommissioners appoint-
ed under the ‘several acts for indemnifyir-.g cer-
tain claimants of public lands, amount to 4,285?»
lsr 12. ' _ .
Of which sum there has been received at the
olllce ofiihe Ciommiss-inner‘ of the General Land
Office as appears by sratenient C, the sum of I,
025,684 09. . y _ ,‘ _ . ,
Leaving putstamling at the date of the several
returns from the land districts, the sum of 3.255,
46.7 00.
It is proper to observe, however, that extens-
ivc sales have been made in the Alabama territo-
ry, in the months of September‘, October and No-
. . vember, of which no returns‘ have yet been re-
cclved.
, Of the Estirnates of 312: Public Rezgcrzue’and Ex-
" ' fzc7zcz'z'tzu~c_/br the year I819.
In -the Annual Report of the state of the Trea-
sury, of the 5th of December, l8'~’l'. the perma-
nent revenue was estimated at $24,525,000 per
, annum; and the annual expenditure. uccor-din:;
. to thetbcn existing laws, was stated at $31,946,
351 74. By the acts of the last session of Con-
gress,the internal dulies,cstimatcd ar‘5‘2..560.000
per annum, were I't:pc:rle(l, whilst the expendi-
; ture was augmented to nearly $25,000‘ 000 ; and
._ r.hat of the ensuing year is estimated at not less
than §§‘24,5l5,'.?.l9 76. - .
y The apparent dcficit produced by these acts.
§il‘.(I by the application of more than S2,500.000
to the paynrcnt of the interest and redemption
‘of the principal of the public debt, beyond the
animal appropriation of S10 000,000 for that ob-
ject, has been supplied by the receipts into tl'r_i--
Treasury on account of the arrearagc of the,di-
rect tax and internal duties, and by the balance
of more than $6,000,000, which was in the frea-
sury‘ on the first day of January, l8 l8.
These temporary sources of supply being
nearly exhausted, the expenditure of the year
’ I8l9 must p'rincipally depend upon the l‘BCCll)ts
‘into the Treasury from the pcrma-srent r:.-xcn:r:-
during that year. As was anticipated in the last
annual Report, the reaction produced bv thc ex-
ccssive importations of foreign merchaudize, du-
' ring the years 1815 and l8'6, acquired its;.;rear-
«:51. force in the year 1817. .
Iris pl‘esr‘rmr:-d that the revenue wlriclr shall
accrue during the pr».-serrt year l':~.uu irnporrs ancj
' :’...fr=uage, nrs-.f; 'i;.;‘ ..;x'Ji‘i&.i.icr‘c(i as the average a-
mount whicii will be allflalllly received from that
‘ source of the revenue. .
It is ascertained that the bonds taken for sccu
ring duties, which were outstanding on the 30th
day of September last exceeded 23,000,000;
and the receipts into the Treasury from that
source of revenue, during the year I819. is es-
fimatcd at $21 ,OO0,000'. Public Lands 1,500,000.
Direct Tax and Internal Duties 7‘50',0'O0. Bank
Dividends at_6 per cent 420.000. First pay
ment of Bonus, due by the Bank of the United
States 500,000. Postage and inciclental receipts
50,000. Amounring together to 324',2"20,000—-
i.Vhich added to the balance in the Treasury on
the lst day of January, I819, estimated at 2,! I2.
408 54, makes the aggregate amount of $25,
232,408 50.
The probable autlroriz'etlclei'na11ds on the Trea-
sury, during the year 1819. are estimated to a-
mount to $?.4,5l5,‘2l9 76, viz:--Ci.il, Diplomat-
ic and Miscellaneous expences l,6l9,836 3l.—-
Military Department, including the Indian‘ De-
partment, pcrmau-.-nt Indian annuities, military
and revolutionary pensions, and arming the mi-i
iitia 8,666,252 85. Navy Department. including
$31,000,000, for the gradual increase of the navy
3,802,486 60. Public buildings, and for dis-
charging ;he demands of the contractors for ma-
king the Cumberland road 326,644. Public
Debt l0,000,000. For building custom houses
and public warehouses at .New Orleans and
other ports 100,000—-«VVhiclI' being deducted
from the amount estimated to be received into
the Treasury, including the balance on the fi'rst
day of January, I819, leaves a balance in the
l"_~'Treasur'y, on the 1st day of January, I820, of
_g2.7,r7_.rss:s3.
V ,In‘ presenting this estimateof receipts for the
. .year..r3r9,i: is necessary to prenrise, that the
“sum to be received fromjhe customs is less than
wlrat, from the amount of the outstanding bonds.
would. under ordinary circumstances, be reciv-
'ed. The amount of the sales of public lands
during the last year, andthe sum due at this time
by the purchasers, wouldjustify a much higher
estimate of the receipts from that important
branch of revenue, if the most serious difficulty.
in making payments, was not known to exist.—-
The excessive issues of the banks, during the
suspension of specie payments, and the great ex-
portation of the precious metals to the East In- V
dies during the present year, have produccr.l a
pressure upon them, which has rendered it no-
cessary to contract their discounts, for the pur-
pose of withdrawing from Circulation :2‘ large
proportion of their notes. This operation, so
oppressive to their debtors, but indispensibly ne-
cessary, to the existence of specie payments,
must be continued. until gold and silver shall
form a just proportion of the circ"ulati«ng curren-
cy. In passing through this or-deal, punctuality
in the discharge of debts, bolh"to'inclivi'duals and
to the government, will be considerably impair-
ed.;md well founded apprelrensions are enter-
tained, that, until it is passed,}pa}7ments, in some
f the Land Districts, will be greatly diminished.
1
The extent to which {lie payments into tliel
Trcastriy, during the y'e'a'r -.1819, will be affected
by th“e general pressure ripon the community,
wllich has been described, and which is the inev-
itable consequence of the over trading of the
banks.and the exportation of specie to the East
I iuliee, aggravated by the temporary failure of
the ordinary supply of the precious metals from
the S_panishjAinerican' mines, cannot at this time-_‘
be corr-ectly appréclated._ hhould it ' ‘exceed
what has been conteriiplated in this report, tlie
appropriations must be diminished, the ré"Ienr'.ie-
enlarged by, new impositions, or temporary loans
authorisedto meet thc cieficiency. As ‘the ex-
penditure of the year I820 will be greatly redu-
ced by the ir‘r'edeernal)le quality of the public
debt, after the redcmption of the remaining moi-
ety of the Louisiana s’t"ock, which may be effect-‘
ed on the 2lst day of:(‘Ictober, l8l9, a resort to
temporary loans. or to the issue of Treasury
notes, to the amount of the deficiency, should a-
ny occur, is believed to be preferable totlrc im-
position of new taxes, which would not be re-
quired after that year.
All which is respectfullysubmitted. . _
VVM. H. CRAWFORD.
'rRElIkSURY‘Dl-;PAR'l‘MENT, %
.3.
Nov. 21st. l_8l8. '0
I MR. Rf)DNEY’S REPORT .
On South Jjlnierican flfibirs;
‘We regret that it is not in our power to insert
at full lengtli, Mr. Rodney's interesting rcpo.r*l"—'-
\Ve shall give a summary of its most important
features. The document is addressed to the
Secr'eta'ry of state :-‘—-R:/tub. Adv.
VVit'r~ the history of the conquest of the Span-
ish possessions in America, you must be famil-
iar. They were principally, if not exclusively,
achieved by private adventurers. '\"Vhen com-
pleted, a most oppressive system of government,
or rather rlcspousrn, was established by the pa-
rent country. . '
rThese extensive regions were originally sway-
ed by two viceroys. The dominions of Spai11,iu
North America, were under the government of
the vicerov of Mexico, ‘and all her possessions
in South Ame-rica, were subject to rheccntrol of
the viceroy of Peru.
The remoteness of some parts of the country
from the residrnce of the viceroy at Lima, occa-
sioned, in I718, the establishment of another
viceroyalty at Santa Fe dc Bogota, in the king-
dom of New Grenada. In I731, New Grenada
wa< divided. and a number ofthe provinces com-
posing the kingdom were separatrd from it.——
Th-;-.se were put under the jurisdiction of a cap.
lain general and president,’ whose scat ofgovci'n~
me-nt was at (‘.araccas. ‘ ' .
In 1768, Chili was erected into a separate cap-
lain g.-neralship; in 1778, a new viceroyalty wa:
es-talrlislicd at Uucnos Ayres, comprehvcndimr all
the ‘~‘.p-anish possessions to the east of the VVci._-
t«3rr1\.Cor~diller'as and to the sot,rtl1___,of';tl1eliver:
.f\'I'-_il': non. ‘
\ irh ootne
reg! lations established in these governments, the
prominent features of their political institutions
exhibit a striking resemblance, as the general
system was the same. - .
Their commerce was confined to‘ the parent
country, and to Spanish vessels exclusively.-—-
They were prohibited, under the penalty of death
to trade with foreigners. '
The various manufactures, that might inter-
fere with those of Spain, were not permitted.--
l‘hey were prevented, under severe penalties,
from raising flax, hemp. or salfron.
They were compelled to procure from the
mother country articles of the first necessity ;—'
and were thus rendered dependent on her for the
conveniences of life, as well as luxuries. - -
To these oppressive regulations and restric-
tions was added an odious system of taxation.-
From the Indians was exacted a tribute in the
shape of a poll tax. or a certain servitude in the
mines. called the mita. A tenth part of the pro-
duce of cultivated lands was taken, under the (le-
nomination of tithes, 8cc. Szc. A most oppress-
ive hierarchy was established, with its numerous
train of offices and orders, succeeded by the In-
quisition.
A The posts of honor and profit were filled by
natives of old Spain.
The pnincipal code of law thus maintaining
the supremacy of Spain over those dis_t_'ant
regions, emanated from the council ofthe Indies,
rstablished by the king, in which he was suppo-
sed always to be present. This system was gen-
erally executed by viceroys, captains-general, 8cc.
with rigor. To thisform of government, ihc
country had for two cienturi-cs submitted. The
wars _of Europe prodtlccd the first discontcnl‘in
South America, and symptoms of insurrection _
were manifested in Venezuela in 1797. 'l’his
di.~;satisfaclion was soon after observed in Mexi-
co, (_}r‘enada. Peru, Chili and lluenos Ayres._-—-
The defeat of the British expedition to the La
Plata by the BLICIIOS A_vrt—.aus in I806. gave the
people ajust idea of their own strtrllgth, and they
afterwards‘ repelled another formidable attack
of the British under tvr-.1-.r£.cr.e.
The mother country having beenreduced to
poverty "and wretchedness by the power and arts
of Napoleon, the inhahitarns of Buenos Ayres.
established a junta, which assumed-‘ the reins of
government, and in is no they sent oil‘ their vice.-
roy and his principal acllierents. '
Their Congress is a respectable body, and “its
sitting public. The dispute with Artigas contin.
ued. The declaration of Independence was a‘-'
l8l6. The salutary influence of this decisive
step was at once felt throughout the country 3......
and the consequence__.is, there is'scarcclylany‘
vcstige‘ of a royal army to be found, except on
the borders of Peru. 0 ' _ p" i
The late viceroyalty of‘Buenos Ayres. compo-I‘
sed of nine provinces, is more than 2000 miles
long from north to south, and H00 wide. ., ‘
This country is watered by the La Plata and its
V l.
slight shades of difference in the
dopted in the directorship of Puyrr‘edon, July 9,_
'mcnt annexed, on that subject.
‘small. and some of their vessels are laid up in or-
\
is‘ capable ‘of producing all that is to be found in
the temperate or torrid-zones. Immense herds
of cattle and horses graze upon its extensive:
plains. I The mines of Potosi are included in its
boundary--which are now in possession ofithe
royalists. On the east side of the La Plata the
country is excellent-‘-—‘presentin'g hills‘, dalbs,
streams, Sac. _ ‘ A ’
Since the revolution the country has been di-
vided into fourteen districts--five of which pre-
vious to the battle of Maipu were in possession
of the roy_alists--'-but they were soon expected to
‘retreat to lower Peru : of the other nine, Para-
guay and the city of St. Fe act intlepéndent Of
Buenos Ayres, as well as Banda Oriental.
Monte Video‘, the capital of the eastern shore.
was in possession of the Portuguese-—'l‘he terri-
-tory of the United_Pr0vinces is computed to con-
tain l50,000 square leagues. The lands occupi-
ed in the country remote from the cities are gen-
erally converted into grain or grazing farms.-_
The small farms around the cities are in fine
order, and furnish the market with fruit, vegeta-
bless &c.
The population, exclusive of Indians, is 1,300,-‘
000—with the civilized Indians, who are of great
importance, exceeding two millions, The pop-
ulation is made up of natives of old Spain and
their "descendants: Indians civilized or- unre-
claimed, with different ‘ castes’ of mixed blood ;
of inegroes and mulattoes. -
Buenos A'yres city contains 60,000 inhabit-
ants. They are an amigble and interesting peo-
ple, brave, humane, possessing intelligence, ca-
pable of great exertion and perseverance, and
manifesting a cheerful devotion to the ‘cause of
freedom and independence. '
[Here follows a description of the inhabitants
of the different provinces—-thcirxenterprize, mil-
itary skill, 8cc. They are generally represented
as being devoted to the cause of liberty, and as
being excellent soldiqrs. Artigas is said to have,
absolute control in Entre Rios and Baflda Orien-
tal, and concentrates all power, legislative, exec-
utive andjudiciary in hi’mseli.]
The Congress is comprised of deputies from
the different provinces—-consisting of. 26 mem-
bers. The constitution, with some exceptions,
particularly that palladium of our civil rights,
. lrich is unknown to the civil law, the trial by
jiiry, will be found, on an attentive perusal, to
contain a distinct recognition of many of the vi-
tal principles of a free government. A church
establishment also, that of the Catholic faith, is
contrary to our ideas‘ of religious freedom ; tho’
a measure adopted from necessity by them. This
constitution, which is a provisional one, declares
that all power, legislative, executive and judicial,
Fcsitlcs in the nation. The congress are to be
chosen by electors, who are to be voted for by the
people in their primary ‘assemblies.
This constitution is but temporary. The con-
gross" are engaged in the task of forming a per-
manent one. The form‘ of the government will
~. Vprijbabiy resemble ours; .
\ r
‘ - .'-<1 _r
The value of their productions could not be as-
certained-their internal trade is considerable--
their ex-ports ten millions ; consisting principal-
ly of ox-hides, (allow and jerk beef—a variety of
furs and peltries, some grain, copper, mostly
brought from Chili, with gold and siver bullion
and in coin, chiefly from the mines of Potosi.
The imports are computed to be about equal
to their exports. British manufactures form the
principal mass.
From the U. States they receive lumber ofall
kinds, furniture and carriages of all sorts, codfish,
mackerel, shad and herring, leather, boots and
shocs,’powder, and munitions of war, and naval
stores, ships and vessels, particularly those cal-
culated for their navy, or for privateers.
Their foreign commerce is principally carried
on by British capitalists, though there are some
Americans, a few French, and other foreign mer-
chants, also settled at Buenos Ayres'——they are,I
believe, all julaced on the same footing.
The revenue may be estimated at three mil-
lions of dollars annually; but their system of ii-
nance is'very imperfect, and although their debt
is small, their credit is low. They have hitherto
avoided issuing paper money—--and have no
banks. ’
Voluntary contributions from those friendly to
ill? revolution, and forced loans from the old
Spzliniards, have constituted another portion of
their funds’. Their land at no distant day must
become a productive source of revenue. ,
The mines of Potosi, which, in"all probability,
will very soon fall into their hands again, may fur-
nish them’ with a considerable supply of the pre-
’cious metals. It is stated on respectable author-
ity, that so late as the year l.'90,lthe amount of
gold and silver coined at Potosi in that year, was
calculated to. have been $299,846 in gold, and
$2,933,175 in silver’. A
Theirarmy is composed of regular troops, Ci-
ercos, and" militia. In one or other of these
classes they are educated to the military ‘art, and.
far as I had an opportunity, and was capable of
judging, they appeared to be well acquainted
with the elements of their profession. Their for-
ces according to the paper furnished, are estima-
ted at nearly 30,000 men. They are composed
of l,296 artillery, l3,693 infantry and l4,7l8 cav-
alry ; of which l2,l4-3 are troops of the line,
7.04! are Cier-cos, and 10,573 militia . These
form the different armies of the centrerof Peru,
of the Andes of Cordova. and the auxiliary for-
ces in the Entre Rois. This statement however,
only includes the militia of the province of Buc-
‘nos Ayres itself. Their supply ofarms and mu-
nitions of war is ample, as will be seenby state-
Their navy is
dinary. --
The government had never authorised nor
possessed any knowledge of the establishments
at A.m.r.-lia Island‘ and Galvezton. ' I
I _ T’ (To be continued.)
"The U. S. brig Prometheus has been condem-
numcrous tributary strearns—-enjoys a‘var'iety of
I
.ncd at New-Orleans, as unscaworrhy. ‘
climafe-Land‘ is blessed_with a fertile soil, wlriclr — ‘
, ". ivieoix ‘A i..L'x'i: ~f.o1’vI’Joi'v im:r‘v'1-:ft.'’ ‘;
T he ensuing year appears, from every c'ir°cun‘a-=
’_stance, to be. pregnant with important events for‘
America. It opens under auspices so favorable
{hr the cause of the Independents, that the ‘close
exertions, the Patriots acquire greater strength‘,
and display more manly energy.‘ Tire enthusi-
asm which prevailed some time since inithis‘
country, in favor of the Stmgglillg Independents
a"nd..which certain accounts of treachery a'nd'ca-
lamlt-Ya ’PUl‘POl'ling to bccommunicated inlet-
ters from di§appoi_rrted advcmur-er-s, had ‘for a
season abated,'*now revives with rcdoubled ener-
EY- 509?‘? th9llSal:)ds of young and ‘gallant
British spirits, not impelled by want or despera-'
tion, but led by hopes, and directed by experien.-....
ced officers of the highest reputation,'with”means
sufficient to render them in every respect high-'
is _é'er'tainly only premature. Their example is :
operating extensively, and on the appr'oachirig’
reduction of so large a portion of our army as 30,-
ber of half pay subalterns and the disbanded pri--
vatcs. In the mean time the -long threatened
expedition from Spain is languishing in the bar-
bor of Cadiz, and money is wanting to supply
that stimulus to exertion which in a free state,
and in ‘a good cause, would be found in the per-
sonal enthusiasrn of individuals. The rcsultof
such a contest cannot be doubtful. The line
provinces of South America will be freed from
the numlring »inllucnc'e of Spanish dcspotisin,
and the horrors of the Inquisition. It is too
true that civil wars may not even then have ter.
minated, and -that the rjvantof union between the
several states exposes some of them to the dan-
ger of tyranny ,; but still it will be the tyranny
of a native government, and there never was a
tyrant so capricious or so malignant, who could
/zert 88 inflict so much misery on his subjects-in
arbitrary government, whose vices, follies and
weakness, are magnified in their effects by dis.
tance, and increased and multiplied in proportion
to the number of agents to whom unlimited
thority must be delegated.
. --d--:::--lh-—- ' ' ' ‘
Neva State of Illinois -—T~lre Legislature of this
an extract from the speech of Gov. Bond—-
“ Possessed of a country not surpassed for the
fertility of its soil, intersected and almost.sur-
rounded by lakes and rivers convenient for navi-
gation, it is much to be regretted that the means
requisite for the’ commencement ofany iuternaf
improvementof consequence are-"not within our
possession. The money which has been appro-
priated, and .which is«to be disbur'sed under the
direction o.f Congress in making roads leading
TO’ the state, would go far toimprovo,-the naviga.
tion of our water. courses. In a few years it is
believed that fund will accumulate to an amount;
strflicicnt todefray the expenccs of cutting a ca-
nal to connect the waters of Lake’ Michigan and
the Illinois river. The advantages resulting‘
from such a work are too obvious to require com-
ment. By means thereof, together with the ca-
nal connecting the waters of Lake Erie and Hud-
son river, which isalrcady in a state of grcatfor-I
wardness, a water communication from our ve-
ry doors willbc opened to the Atlantic, by way
ofjthe Lakes. I therefore recommend an early
application to the Congress ofthe Ll. States to
procure such a change in the tllsposilion of that‘
fund, as to make it applicable to the furtherance
of so desirable a purpose. Such a measure is
advisable in a political pointof view. ‘lhe bond
of union between the eastern and ucstcrn states
will be strengthened by constant intercourse and "
common interest.”
From the .7‘-/izriozml Irz!rl.’I'gc7:c(r.
Steam-s/n]za'.—A correspondent informs us,
that a patent has lately been obtzrincd by Mr.
Gray, for an improvement in steam navigation,
which has excited considerable attention with
those who feel an interest in the progress of this
new and valuable species of navigation ; the
more so,_ as it applies exactly to the point where
something of the kind is wanted to complete the
system, and carry successfully its operations to
the ocean. The inconvenience, if not incapacity
of water wheels at sea, have been seen with re‘-
gret. The inventor of this improvement applies
the propelling power in a different way ; he has ’
constructed and made trial of what he calls ‘lever
paddl.e_s,’ acting altogether under water, not at-
.tach§d to-"any; wheels, but receiving the impellir-lg‘
for'ce"t’l,i'i‘ough the principles of the lever, and in
such away as not to be affected by the rouglmess
of the sea. The irnprovcment cm’ur;.ces an-.
other objcct also, which appears to be au__in-rpor- '
-tant acquisition. It has long been consi‘clcr'e(l'a
dcsideratum in Mechanics, to obtain, if pr-actir.a‘-
blc. a rotary motion direct from the: stczun en-. .
gine, on account of the loss of powcr.an_d accu-
.mulation of friction hitherto unavo_ly ‘gin ob- ‘
taining it from a reciprc-gating gnotiui l1'Il'wh_cn
there. an additional one takes_‘pla"c.ein the appli-
cation of that circular‘ motion to the tvutcr, ‘to
give a rt-ctilined motion to the vessel. By the
method here adopted, of applying the power on
the principal of the lever, instead of the wlicel,
the‘ natural motion of the engine is precisely the
without any circuitous process whatever; and
hence is wholly avoided the friction and loss of
power complained of'.—-To the purposes of nav-.
I
merit is considered an important one.
A Radish was raised this season by De_nni9’=
Lackland Esq. ofPoolesville, l\’1onr_2:onro_ry Coun-
- ty, Md. which weighed I4 lbs. me’.-rsuretl about
20 irrclresijin length, and l8 inches in c:rcumfer- -»
CIICC.
of it will most probably witness the ternrirration ,. .
"of the Spanish dominion intlie Ncw \Vorld.'-‘-—-
In prop'ort'io'n' as‘ the mother country relaxes her I
ly valuable allies, have been represented in they "“
‘American papers on théir way up the Qronoko 5 '4 4’
a representationgwhich, if not positively true, . ’
000 men, they will no doubt be joined by a num- ,
.5:
the midst of them,as must flbiv from a foreign ‘
o‘,
‘an ‘,|\
state met on the 5th October. The following it‘
. ~’-'rt.:. .-
used 1n propelling a b_o'at, th_e'|oss doesnot end A
motion wanted. and applies direct to the work, '
igaling rough water,particularly, the improve»
’ p.-.-up.-_.J -.
- 4
r
' l
f~'.i~_
I. .V
‘v
Norwalk Chronicler