Ground Water in the Norwalk, Suffield, and Glastonbury Areas, Connecticut

The New Canaan AA'ator Co. has supplied residents of the vilhif^o with water since 1895. The company has a I'eservoir of 70.000.000 j>:allons capacity on Fiveiuile River foi-med by a core-wall dam aboiifc 45 feet hi^h and 400 feet long. The water is distribnted from the re.servoir by gravity through 91 miles of main pipe, 52 hydrants, and 512 service taps. The pressure in the vilhige is about 50 pounds to the square inch. About 2,000 people are supjdied, and consume about 250.000 gallons a day on the average. Tlie water is filtered, and occasional analyses are made.^ If the demands on the system increase very greatly they will b© met only with great difficulty, for most of the drainage basins in the region are already in use or their use has been planned for. Good sup]:)lies could probably be developed in the deposits of strati- fied drift along Fivemile River. RECORDS OF WELI.S AND SPRINGS. Wells (lug In till in Xcic Canaan. No. on ri. II. Eliswortli Waters. Carl Sc'lineider Topocraphip situation. Elpva- tion above sea level. Slope do do do do F.C. Fladd. .do. .do. .do. .do. do.. do.. Plateau . Slope.... do.. do.. .do. .do. .do. Town Farm do 35 I A. S. Jerrv. do.. do.. Hilltop. Slope. . . .do. .do. Hilltop. Slope... Hilltop.. Plain... Plateau . Slope. . . do.. do.. Fat. 3(iO 340 300 3(;0 425 420 375 4<i5 485 470 405 350 470 490 490 455 465 380 405 300 410 430 250 260 2f>0 370 .3(15 300 300 285 305 315 Total depth. Fc(K 23.4 14.3 15.1 26.9 18. 0 22.1 in. 4 17. G 17.8 32.5 21.2 10. 6 14.9 10.9 12.5 17.2 14.8 13.0 25.1 28.8 31.1 15.8 19.2 15.8 13.9 20.7 21.9 25.9 10.1 15.9 29.0 10.8 20.4 Depth to water Fc<t. 18.3 12.7 12.1 19.0 13.6 19. S 12.5 7.6 13.9 22.4 7.7 8.7 14.4 8.9 9.3 14.0 10.6 12.5 17.1 27.0 2i). 5 11.3 17.0 12.4 10. 0 13.4 16.7 19.0 0.8 11.4 5.2 6.2 17.7 Depth of water in well. Fert. 5.1 1.6 3.0 7.0 5.0 2.3 3.9 10.0 3.9 10.1 13.5 7.9 0.5 2.0 3.2 3.2 4.2 1.1 8.0 1.8 1.6 4.5 2.2 3.4 3.3 7.3 5.2 6.9 3.3 4.5 23.8 4.6 2.7 P.iS. P.emarks. Windlas"; ri<; ... C)ne-bueket rig . Sweep rig House pump Tv.'O-bucket rig and hou^e pump. Drain pump do do Windlass rig do Hou.se pump Drain pump Windlass rig Two-bucket rig.. AMndlass rig ... . Two- bucket rig.. Sweep rig One-bueket rig.. Two-bucket ng and house pump. Windlass rig do Two-bucket rig.. do Windlass rig do Sweep rig and house pump. do Chain pump House pump do do Windlass rig do Xonfailing. 1)0. Do. Do. Fails. Blasted in( 0 rock. Fails. Nonfailiug. Fails. For anal- ysis see p. 80. Nonfai!ing. Fails. Do. Fails. Rock bot- tom. Fails. Do. Fails.a Nonfailing. Fails. Nonfailing. Fails. Do. Nonfailing. Fails. For anal- ysis see p. SO. Nonfailing. Do. Fails. Nonfailing. Do. a Well is 15 feet in ledge. Cost about $300 to deepen it 8 feet. ' Rppt. Connecticut Public L'tilities Commission, 1917. 1:34444 °— 20 6 82 GEOUIS'D WATER IN NOEWALK A^^'TD OTHER AREAS, COL^N. Wcllii diKj In till ill Ncio Caiiumi — Continued. No. on PI. n. Owner. C. F. Stevens. J. M. Wassing. Topograph!; situation. Slope . . . Plateau . Slope. .. do.. do.. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. ..do. do. do. do. do. do. Knoll.. do. Slope. . .do. do. do. do. Plain.. Slope . . . do.. do.. School Hilltop. Slope... Stephen Hovt's Sons Co. , Swate - Slope . - do- do. Eleva- Depth tion above sea Total depth. Depth to water. ol water in level. well. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. 320 40.5 24.3 16.2 325 24.9 16.2 8.7 210 15.9 13.2 2.7 170 16.5 13.5 3.0 150 23.3 22.0 1.3 400 27.4 14.0 13.4 345 10.3 7.4 2.9 280 8.3 5.9 2.4 270 16.8 12.5 4.3 Z75 27.0 17. 3 9.7 255 13.1 10.3 2.8 240 23.5 14.7 8.8 200 15. 0 13.4 2.2 240 7.8 5.9 1.9 175 25.5 20.0 5.5 206 25.1 20. 5 4.6 180 10.0 9.5 6.5 180 28. 2 21.4 6.8 190 24.3 19.7 4.6 230 ' 29.5 10.8 10.8 185 22.0 20.7 1.3 200 13.9 11.6 2.3 260 21.2 16.8 4.4 200 16. O' 15.2 1.7 190 21.0: 18.8 2.2 180 12.2 9.4 2.8 300 22.1 17.8 4.3 320 18.1 11.2 6.4 320: 20. 0 6.0 13.0 260 10.4 7.7 2.7 230 25.6 23.2 2.4 310 20. 0 15.1 4.9 rCia. Windlass rig... Two-bucket rig. Windlass rig . . . Two-bucket rig. Two-bucket rig and house pump. do Two-bueliet rig. Chain pump. .'. Windlass rig . . . Two-bucket rig. Chain pump . . . Two-bucket rig. do Windlass rig . . . Two-bucket rig. Win<ilass rig.. . One-bucket rig. Two-bucket rig an-d house IDump. do Windlass rig do Two-bucket rig.. Coimterbalan c- ing and air- pressure S3-S- tem. Windlass rig do do Windlass rig Two-bucket rig and house piunp. (") Sweep rig Tie marks. Windlass rig . . . Two-bucket rig. rioufailing. Do. Do. ■ Do. Do. Nonfailing Do. Do. Do. Do. Fails. N onfall ina Nonfaiiing. For assf.y SCO p. 80. Fails. Do. Nonfaiiing. Fails. Nonfaiiing. Dc. Nonfaiiing. Eock bottom . Nonfaiiing. Do. a Pumped by a steam-driven pump. If 8,000 gallons arc pinnped the level is depressed about S feet, but it regains its former position in about six hours. The inflow is therefore equivalent to about 1,300 gallons' an hour, or 20 to 25 gallons a minute. Drilled ifclU in J^cic Canaan. No. on PI. II. Owner. Topographic situation. Ele- vation above sea level. Total depth. Depth to Depth to water. Diam- eter. Yield per min- ute. Ivemarks. 9 11 .Y 13 18 Chapelle S. W. Wakeman.. F.C. Fladd George E, Kruger. D.H. Hamilton.. Plateau. Slope. . . .....do... do. . do.. George Brown do. Jacobs & Wolf I do- Peter B . Chick Plam .-. John B . Miller I Slope . . Feel. 415 470 485 505 525 170 170 170 290 205 Feet. Feet. Feet. Inches. Galls. 162 105 199J 300 205 121 88 Water from gneiss. For assay s ee p. 80. Do. NORWALK. Drilhd irclls in \iir CuiKum — (_'ouiiiiui.'il. 83 X... on ri.ii. 0\>iier. Topogrnphic situation. Klt^ vat ion above sea level. Total depth. Depth to loek. Depth to water. Diam- et er. Yield per min- ute. Hemarks. (•') S 1 iirjris Coffin Hill Flit. Fttl. 1.50 2.')3 153 150 ISG 200 248 150 130 104 253 120 Feet. . 5ti 50 (iii 20 14 49 35 Feet. 4 8 20 4 Indue. 6 (> t) Gallx. 18 40 70 40 G 2 ...... ' -Mrs. W. E.C.Bradley. Tangart do jSlope („{ Miss C. .\. BlLss Theoiiore Teiiill Dr. V. 11. AVilliams... Jlrs. l>.lJ..Vle.\ander.. L. P. Child Hill (a) . .. do 9 ;. 5 (i 15 5 04 0 (a) (") do Itidge ..... HiU (<') H. Fi.sher estate (Iray Bros Kidue (" ) Slope 21 30 11 25 0 15 40 (i) Mrs. A.M. Bradlev... (') Ct race Church Hili oNot plotted on map. Data from Gregorv, H. K., rndergroimd-water resources of Connecticut: U. S. (^eol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 232, p. 82, 1909. 0 Not plotted on map. Idem, p. 88. c Not plotted on map. I'ata from Gregory, H. E., Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States; Connecticut: I'. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply I'aper 102, p. 128, 190-t. Spiin[/s in Xeir Vanaun. No. on PL II. Owner. Topograph i:- situation. Eleva- tion above sea level. Temper- ature. Yield per minute. Remar; s. 15 J. Busslinger Slope Fat. 390 430 290 275 180 270 °F. Gallons. Pumped to house. 24 do 51 54 49 51 54 2 1' 15+ 31 Footofclitf 32 A.C. Clarkson Air-pressure system. 56 Foot 01 terrace. . . . Slope 78 KORWALK. AREA, POPULATION. AND INDUSTRIES. Norwalk, in Fairfield Coiintj^ is on Long Island Sound. 32 miles "west of New Haven, 40 miles east of New^ York, and '20 miles south of Danbury. Norwalk Eiver, which rises in Eidgeheld, flows through the middle of the town. Fivemile Eiver in part follov/s the west boundarv and in part lies half a mile east of it. The area of the part of the town on the mainland is about 23 square milas, of which about G square miles or 25 per cent is A^ooded. The woodlands are most abundant in the west and north parts of the town. The offshore islands aggregate an area of a third of a square mile. The territory of Norwalk was purchased from the Indians and a town was incorporated in 1051. The original town included more ter- ritory, but from time to time parts have been separated to make ne'w towns. In 1801 NeAv Canaan was made of territory ttiken in part from Norwalk and in part from Stamford. In 1802 Wilton was taken from Norwalk, and in 1835 i^art of Norwalk was combined with 84 GROUND WATER IN NORWALK AND OTHER AREAS, CONN. parts of Fairfield and Weston to form Westport. The city of South Norwalk was incorporated in 1870' and the city of Norwalk in 1893. Since then they have been combined and made into one city coter- minous with the town but divided into five taxing districts. The first district Avas formerly the city of I^^orwalk, the second district was formerlji^ the city of South Norwalk, and the third district was formerly the fire district of East Norwalk. The fourth district com- prises these three districts, and the fifth district comprises the out- lying- parts of the town. The population in 1910 was 24,211, an increase of 4,279 over the 1900 population. The population is concentrated in the city, but if distributed over the whole town would average about 1,070 to the square mile. In 1910 there were 6,954 people in Norwalk and 8,968 in Soutli Norwalk. The following table gives the population at each census since 1756 and the percentage of change in each census period : PopiiTatio)) of NonraJk, 17-)6 to 1910." Year. Popula- tion. Per cent change. Year. Popula- Tion. Per cent change. 1756 3,050 4,388 4,051 (i) 5,146 2,983 3, 004 3,792 1840 3, 863 4,651 7,582 12,119 13,956 17, 747 19, 932 + 2 1774 6+44 c_ 8 1850 +20 1782 186T. +63 1790 1870 +60 1800. . . . «+27 1880. .. + 15 1810 1890 + 27 1820 + 1 + 26 1900 + 12 1830 1910 24,211 + 21 o Connecticut Register and Manual, 1919, p. 040. *> For a period ot 18 years. c For a period of 8 years.